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1.
边坡变形的分布式光纤监测模拟试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
布里渊散射光时域反射测量技术(BOTDR)作为一项新型光电传感监测技术,因其具有良好的抗干扰、长距离、可植入性和分布式监测的特点而被广泛应用于结构工程健康监测中。而直接将光纤布设在土体中则存在变形协调性差、易折断及空间定位难等问题。本次研究通过室内小比例尺模型试验,分别将光纤植入土工布和土工格栅等柔性复合材料中并一起铺设在边坡模型不同深度处,利用BOTDR监测边坡在外荷作用下的变形特征。试验结果表明,布设在土工格栅中的光纤稳定性最好;土工布中的光纤变形协调性和敏感性优于土工格栅;通过合理布置光纤能够对异常应变进行较为准确的识别和定位。试验初步验证了该方法应用于土质边坡变形监测的可行性。 相似文献
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3.
基于BOTDR的隧道应变监测研究 总被引：18，自引：6，他引：12
布里渊散射光时域反射计 (BOTDR)是近年来才研发成功的分布式应变测量技术。本文首先介绍了BOTDR的优点和测量原理 ,以某隧道的BOTDR应用实例 ,论证了这一技术应用于岩土工程等结构物分布式应变监测的可行性和优势 ,最后就这一技术在应用中的一些关键技术 ,如空间分辨率、光纤布设工艺、健康监测与损伤诊断等作了阐述 相似文献
4.
作为实现分布式监测技术(DOFS)的重要手段,光纤感测技术近年来得到了迅速的发展。这一技术在地质灾害和岩土工程监测领域有着巨大的应用潜力。本文基于布里渊光时域分析(BOTDA)和布喇格光栅(FBG)两种感测技术,设计了土质边坡稳定性分布式监测室内模型。通过模型试验,重点研究了水位变化作用下土质边坡内部应力分布以及边坡的破坏过程,根据FBG与BOTDA的应变数据,对土质边坡稳定性进行了评价,验证了BOTDA和FBG分布式光纤感测技术应用于土质边坡变形监测的可行性。研究成果对于光纤分布式感测技术的应用研发和在多场作用下的土质边坡稳定性分析具有重要的意义。 相似文献
5.
基于BOTDR的基坑变形分布式监测实验研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在基坑开挖和支护过程中深部土体的水平位移监测是一项十分重要的工作。布里渊光时域反射计（BOTDR）是近年来国际上研发成功的一项新型的分布式光电传感技术。通过该技术,将传感光纤按照一定的工艺粘贴在埋置于土体中的测斜管上,由传感光纤实测的应变分布,可以实现深部土体水平位移的在线监测。通过室内的模型模拟试验,由实测的光纤应变可以准确地得到测斜管上任意一点的水平位移。结合南京市某深基坑进行的现场试验,探讨了基于BOTDR的分布式光纤传感器应用于基坑深部土体水平位移监测的具体施工工艺,验证了该技术在实际工程中应用的可行性。 相似文献
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应用光纤传感技术进行岩溶塌陷监测预报的关键问题探讨 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
在总结上世纪80年代以来岩溶塌陷监测预报方法的基础上,从岩溶塌陷自身特点和光纤传感技术监测原理出发,对目前光纤传感技术应用于岩溶塌陷监测预报急需解决的关键技术问题进行了探讨分析,主要包括环境温度影响、光纤敷设和预报模型建立三个方面。光纤本身的光学特性决定环境温度变化会影响光纤的变形测量,其解决办法主要是进行温度补偿和监测数据修正处理;光纤敷设,主要是解决光纤与岩土体同步变形问题,其办法是通过室内实验确定适宜的胶结剂和最优配比;建立光纤应变与岩土体变形的关系模型是应用光纤传感技术进行岩溶塌陷监测预报的关键,其解决办法为室内模拟实验。 相似文献
7.
地质与岩土工程领域中，变形监测一直是评价岩土体稳定性的一个重要指标，其时空演化规律可为工程设计与施工
技术参数优化、地质灾害预警阈值设定提供科学的依据。随着光电感测技术的不断发展，其在地质与岩土工程变形监测中
的作用越来越重要，然而分布式感测光纤与岩土体之间的耦合性对监测结果有显著影响，阐明两者间的作用机理成为该技
术应用的关键环节。文章在综合分析当前地质与岩土工程变形监测技术的基础上，开展了基于BOTDA感测技术的光纤—砂
土界面耦合性能拉拔试验，从试验结果和感测光纤特性两方面分析了感测光纤与砂土的耦合性及二者间的应变传递规律。
试验结果表明：除第一级拉拔外，数据拟合R2均在0.99以上，显示了光纤实测应变分布具有良好的规律性；由试验数据反
算得出的光纤弹性模量约为0.35 GPa，与给定值基本一致；通过感测光纤的F-S端和F-S尾关系，得出光纤—土界面作用过程
可分为全耦合、半耦合和相对滑动三个阶段。上述研究结果为分布式感测技术在各类地质与岩土工程变形监测中的应用提
供指导，同时为开展各类室内模型试验提供参考依据。 相似文献
8.
地质与岩土工程领域中,变形监测一直是评价岩土体稳定性的一个重要指标,其时空演化规律可为工程设计与施工
技术参数优化、地质灾害预警阈值设定提供科学的依据。随着光电感测技术的不断发展,其在地质与岩土工程变形监测中
的作用越来越重要,然而分布式感测光纤与岩土体之间的耦合性对监测结果有显著影响,阐明两者间的作用机理成为该技
术应用的关键环节。文章在综合分析当前地质与岩土工程变形监测技术的基础上,开展了基于BOTDA感测技术的光纤-砂
土界面耦合性能拉拔试验,从试验结果和感测光纤特性两方面分析了感测光纤与砂土的耦合性及二者间的应变传递规律。
试验结果表明：除第一级拉拔外,数据拟合R2均在0.99以上,显示了光纤实测应变分布具有良好的规律性;由试验数据反
算得出的光纤弹性模量约为0.35 GPa,与给定值基本一致;通过感测光纤的F-S端和F-S尾关系,得出光纤-土界面作用过程
可分为全耦合、半耦合和相对滑动三个阶段。上述研究结果为分布式感测技术在各类地质与岩土工程变形监测中的应用提
供指导,同时为开展各类室内模型试验提供参考依据。 相似文献
9.
Slope stability analysis is a geotechnical engineering problem characterized by many sources of uncertainty. Some of these sources are connected to the uncertainties of soil properties involved in the analysis. In this paper, a numerical procedure for integrating a commercial finite difference method into a probabilistic analysis of slope stability is presented. Given that the limit state function cannot be expressed in an explicit form, an artificial neural network (ANN)-based response surface is adopted to approximate the limit state function, thereby reducing the number of stability analysis calculations. A trained ANN model is used to calculate the probability of failure through the first- and second-order reliability methods and a Monte Carlo simulation technique. Probabilistic stability assessments for a hypothetical two-layer slope as well as for the Cannon Dam in Missouri, USA are performed to verify the application potential of the proposed method. 相似文献
10.
黄土填方高边坡变形破坏机制分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文依据西北某油田倒班基地黄土填方高陡边坡工程勘察, 研究了该边坡的变形破坏机制, 通过对边坡工程地质条件及变形破坏分析, 建立FLAC3D地质模型, 采用数值模拟方法研究了边坡变形破坏机制。研究结果表明, 主要变形区或破坏区为陡坎周围至其沿坡面向下20～25m 的范围之间, 其破坏深度底界为全新世填土层Q4与原状黄土Q3接触面, 但要重点控制沿坡面向下20～25m 的范围之间的变形。数值模拟结果表明, 该边坡目前整体稳定性较好, 不会发生整体变形破坏。 相似文献
11.
Landslides are recurring phenomena causing damages to private property, public facilities, and human lives. The need for an affordable instrumentation that can be used to provide an early warning of slope instability to enable the evacuation of vulnerable people, and timely repair and maintenance of critical infrastructure is self-evident. A new emerging technique that correlates soil moisture changes and deformations in slope surface by means of elastic wave propagation in soil was developed. This approach quantifies elastic wave propagation as wave velocity. To verify its applicability, a series of fixed and varied slope model tests, as well as a large scale model test, were conducted. Analysis of the results has established that the elastic wave velocity continuously decreases in response of moisture content and deformation, and there was a distinct surge in the decrease rate of wave velocity with failure initiation, soil deformation was thus envisaged to have more significant effect on elastic wave velocity than water content. It is proposed that a warning be issued at switch of wave velocity decrease rate. Based on these observations, expected operation of the elastic wave velocity monitoring system for landslide prediction in the field application is presented. Consequently, we conclude that the elastic wave velocity monitoring technique has the potential to contribute to landslide prediction. 相似文献
12.
公路工程建设呈现的岩土工程问题主要有地基稳定问题、边坡稳定问题、围岩稳定问题和渗透稳定问题。这些问题对工程的影响体现在变形和强度两个方面,根据工程的功能和性质,应考虑按变形控制或强度控制来确定工程安全标准和评价工程稳定性。基于岩土工程问题的产生条件,提出了在工程实践中应注重的内容及研究方向,如：路基岩土的强度与变形特性研究、地基处理技术及工程特性研究、深基础与地基相互作用研究、边坡稳定性评价方法研究、边坡治理技术及可靠性研究、围岩与结构应力变形研究、地下水对各种岩土体的作用研究等等。 相似文献
13.
Detection of water infiltration and deformation of unsaturated soils by elastic wave velocity 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Intense rainfall is the most important landslide trigger. In many mountainous environments of the world, heavy rainfall has caused many landslides and slope failures in a matter of seconds without warning. Therefore, an early warning system can be an effective measure to reduce the damage caused by landslides and slope failures by facilitating the timely evacuation of people from landslide-prone areas. In this study, we propose an idea to correlate soil moisture changes and deformations in slope surface by means of elastic wave propagation in soil. Constant shear stress drained triaxial tests where water was infiltrated from the bottom of specimen until failure, and slope model tests under artificial rainfall were performed to investigate the response of elastic wave velocities during pre-failure phases of rainwater infiltration and deformation. Analysis of the results has established that the elastic wave velocity continuously decreases in response of moisture content and deformation, and there was a distinct surge in the decrease rate of wave velocity when failure was initiated. Possible mechanisms were interpreted based on the test results. It is proposed that a warning be issued at switch of wave velocity decrease rate. This approach can thus serve as the basis of an early warning system for landslides and slope failure considering both moisture content and deformation. 相似文献
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BOTDR技术在边坡表面变形监测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对普通监测手段和技术应用上的不足,采用BOTDR技术监测坡体表面变形发展。分析了监测实施过程中光纤传感器的固定及温度补偿问题,介绍了BOTDR在浙江省龙丽高速公路官家滑坡中的铺设手段。根据官家滑坡的工程环境特点,在坡体上采用植入式固定方式;前缘坡面布设光纤时,引入准分布式监测理念,使用专用夹具定点固定光纤。现场监测结果表明：植入式固定方式,宜选用外径较小的紧套光纤,能使其较好地保持同步协调变形,且光纤因护套影响小而灵敏性较高;定点固定方式,易选用外径较大的光纤,适宜于坡面监测环境。植入式固定方式,若坡体内温度场变化较小,可不进行温度补偿;若坡面温度变化较大,可选取与监测环境温度场相似区布设松套光纤进行温度补偿。对监测过程中实施光纤的固定及温度补偿手段进行了改进讨论。 相似文献
16.
This paper presents the development, calibration, and validation of a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model for the simulation of seismically induced slope deformation under undrained condition. A constitutive model that combines the isotropic strain softening viscoplasticity and the modified Kondner and Zelasko rule is developed and implemented into SPH formulations. The developed SPH model accounts for the effects of wave propagation in the sliding mass, cyclic nonlinear behavior of soil, and progressive reduction in shear strength during sliding, which are not explicitly considered in various Newmark‐type analyses widely used in the current research and practice in geotechnical earthquake engineering. Soil parameters needed for the developed model can be calibrated using typical laboratory shear strength tests, and experimental or empirical shear modulus reduction curve and damping curve. The strain‐rate effects on soil strength are considered. The developed SPH model is validated against a readily available and well‐documented model slope test on a shaking table. The model simulated slope failure mode, acceleration response spectra, and slope deformations are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. It is thus suggested that the developed SPH model may be utilized to reliably simulate earthquake‐induced slope deformations. This paper also indicates that if implemented with appropriate constitutive models, SPH method can be used to model large‐deformation problems with high fidelity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
有限元法被广泛用于解决几何和材料非线性的问题,但标准的有限元方法难以有效解决某些材料的大变形问题和计算中的网格扭曲问题。任意拉格朗日-欧拉法（ALE法）吸取了拉格朗日和欧拉法的优点,并克服了两者的缺点,可用于解决仅用拉格朗日或欧拉有限元法所难以解决的问题。基于ALE有限元方法和弹塑性大变形基本原理,研究了岩土工程中土质边坡在自重作用下的稳定问题;计算结果不仅能直观地显示失稳时的大变形状态,并能确定较符合实际的临界滑移面形状;同时分析了含软弱夹层复杂土质边坡的稳定性。结果表明,ALE方法能有效分析土质边坡的稳定性问题,适用于岩土工程的弹塑性分析。 相似文献
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连云港市位于苏北沿海地区,地面沉降灾害面积较大,多地沉降速率超过20 mm/a,徐圩的沉降现状尤为严重。为了能够对徐圩地区的地面沉降进行精细化观测,文章采用BOTDR分布式光纤感测技术,对徐圩镇127 m深的钻孔地层进行了两年多的全断面精细化监测。结果表明:徐圩镇共有四个承压含水层组,I-1隔水层和I-2隔水层土体沉降量分别占总沉降量的70.29 %、24.59 %,抽水层的土体最大沉降量仅占比1.38 %。I-1隔水层和I-2隔水层的地层岩性包括淤泥质黏土（L2）、亚黏土（L3）、亚砂土夹粉砂（L4）,总厚度为44 m,由于抽水过程中隔水层向含水层失水,导致该隔水层土体固结压缩。同时,工程建设附加荷载对地面沉降的影响也不可忽视。徐圩地区现阶段的沉降仍在继续发生,但沉降速率有减小的趋势。BOTDR技术可有效获取地面沉降钻孔全断面的土层变形分布信息,为地面沉降评价提供了一种精细化的分布式监测手段。 相似文献
19.
Simple monitoring method for precaution of landslides watching tilting and water contents on slopes surface 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Taro Uchimura Ikuo Towhata Trinh Thi Lan Anh Jou Fukuda Carlos J. B. Bautista Lin Wang Ichiro Seko Taro Uchida Akira Matsuoka Yosuke Ito Yuichi Onda Sho Iwagami Min-Seok Kim Naoki Sakai 《Landslides》2010,7(3):351-357
A low-cost and simple monitoring method for early warning of landslides is proposed. To detect abnormal deformation of a slope, this method employs a tilt sensor in place of an extensometer on the slope surface. In order to examine the relevance of measuring rotation angle on a slope surface by tilt sensor, model tests were conducted, and rotation on the slope surface was observed together with slide displacement along the surface. The rotation data responded 30 min before failure in a model test, which could be useful as a signal for early warning. However, the behavior of rotation before failure varies from case to case, and thus, criteria to issue warning should be defined more carefully. For a model slope made of uniform loose sand, measurement of slide displacement along the slope surface is sensitive to failure at the toe, while the measurement of rotation on the slope surface is useful to detect the development of progressive failure upward along the slope. Wireless sensor units with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) tilt sensor and volumetric water content sensor were also examined on a real slope in Kobe City, and a long-term monitoring was attempted. A simple but possible way to define the criteria of judgment to issue warning can be proposed based on combination of data obtained by the tilt sensors and volumetric water content sensors. 相似文献
20.
基于设计安全系数及破坏模式的边坡开挖过程动态变形监测预警方法研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
由于地质和结构特征的不同造成的边坡变形破坏机制存在差异以及同一边坡在不同施工开挖阶段的变形规律和量值也存在差别,采用工程类比方法获得的单一的静态的边坡监测预警指标无法表达某一边坡在施工开挖过程中动态的变形规律和特征,针对该问题提出了基于设计安全系数和破坏模式的边坡开挖过程中动态变形监测预警指标的研究思路和方法,并将其应用于糯扎渡水电站溢洪道消力塘边坡755～740 m开挖过程变形监测预警指标的确定,通过与现场监测结果的对比分析表明,该边坡开挖过程中是稳定的,分析与工程实际是相符的。研究表明,基于设计安全系数和破坏模式的边坡开挖过程动态监测预警指标的研究思路和方法用于边坡在开挖过程中动态变形监测预警是可行和有效的。 相似文献