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1.
远洋运输系统人因可靠性定量分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
远洋运输中可能发生的灾害性事故,如船舶碰撞、搁浅、腐蚀疲劳破坏、火灾、爆炸等,大多与人为失误和组织失误（HOE）有关.因此,进行远洋运输系统人因可靠性定量分析,对于运输系统的安全非常重要.针对此问题,文章结合操作风险管理（ORM）技术,对远洋运输系统进行人因可靠性定量分析.为远洋船舶提供了一套预测人为误操作的分析方法,可以降低HOE风险的发生概率,以减小事故的发生. 相似文献
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The resource-based view (RBV) of the firm has been established as one of the main approaches to strategy formulation for the development of sustainable competitive advantage. Moreover, human resource management can be conceptualised as a source of competitiveness. This paper proposes that RBV could contribute to the confrontation of the hindrances that shipping companies face in the management of their human resources, and to the formation of sustainable competitive advantage. The paper analyses the findings of a field study, regarding the different human resource and crew management practices that are applied by Greek-owned shipping companies. Finally, based on the RBV of the firm, it proposes an integrated framework for managing human resources in the shipping industry in a way that could lead to the formation of sustainable competitive advantage. 相似文献
3.
Fishing has been and is still one of the most dangerous of all human activities. In the field of fishing safety policy, it is acknowledged that the development of a working legal framework of reference is a vital prior condition for the implementation of measures aimed at its improving safety. However, the research work on fishing safety does not have at disposal records of a sufficient number of accidents and in most cases is not comparable from one country to another. Moreover, there is no work that focuses on a global view of fishing safety. The aim of the present work is to outline the state-of-the-art in fishing safety. To this end, aspects of fishing safety which are a major concern of institutions, organizations and researchers alike are analysed. Thus, several questions are addressed, such as: what institutional policy is given to the activity of the fishing sector to improve safety; what aspects and/or parameters are normally used to analyse fishing accidents; what is the usual spatial domain of this analysis; and what are the topics of the research carried out in fishing safety? The results of this analysis, among other aspects, identify eight specific lines of research followed in fishing safety and five which deal with aspects of safety at sea related to the fishing sector. 相似文献
4.
《Marine Policy》2017
The increased maritime accidents attributable to communication barriers have raised great concern about international shipping safety. The requirement for effective communication has been contained in the compulsory part of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers in 2010. However, many Chinese seafarers still experience difficulty in communicating with foreign seafarers at sea even though they passed the English exams required for a Certificate of Competency. Literature argues that the outcomes of maritime English education are not satisfactory. However, this claim is too general and has not been substantiated with empirical evidence. Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper reveals that English communicative incompetence of Chinese seafarers was attributable to the maritime English examinations system, teaching materials, teaching methods and teachers and students themselves. Recommendations were made to improve maritime cadets’ English communicative competence. 相似文献
5.
随着全球经济的快速发展,海上运输由于其运力大、运费低而变得更具实用性。然而,这也意味着在海上航道行驶的船只正变得越来越多,这将导致在复杂的海洋环境中航海船只发生事故的可能性会很高。据相关历史的统计,在海域中航行缺乏高精度导航数据会导致大量事故,这种累积的事故信息可以被用来提高航海的安全性。本文通过将蕴含在AIS (Automatic Identification System) 大数据中的经验导航信息挖掘出来,以辅助实现复杂海事环境下安全可靠的船舶路径的生成。本文提出了一种基于大数据自动生成船舶路径的新方法。该方法首先在大量船舶轨迹上通过DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) 聚类形成不同的轨迹矢量簇。然后,迭代计算轨迹矢量簇的中心线,并从这些中心线之间的节点-弧段拓扑关系来构建航道网络。最后,基于航道网络来实现船舶路径的生成,对于航道网络未覆盖的海域,则通过海洋环境风险栅格的路径规划来实现船舶路径的生成。不同海域不同AIS数据集进行的多次实验结果表明,本文提出的船舶路径生成方法是有效性。 相似文献
6.
人因综合安全评估(FSA)方法在海洋结构物事故中的应用研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将人作为系统的一个部分研究其对系统安全性产生的影响,是风险评估中不可回避的问题.本文把人为因素作为海洋结构物事故中一个分系统,利用综合评估的方法对其进行研究,系统分析了海洋结构物事故中人为失误的各种原因,并提出了人为因素综合安全评估中有待解决和值得关注的问题. 相似文献
7.
Sam Bateman 《Ocean & Coastal Management》1996,33(1-3)
Ports and shipping operations are under increased environmental scrutiny in Australia, particularly as so many of Australia's ports and shipping routes are located in or near major environmentally sensitive areas. The environmental risks involved have been highlighted by the publicity given to shipping accidents. Environmental regulations over aspects of port operations, including ballast water management, dredge spoil and waste reception, are also becoming stricter. While port authorities have adopted stringent environmental guidelines, they remain concerned that the full impact of proposed new environmental regulations on maritime industry may not be fully understood. This paper discusses some of the issues involved with achieving a balance between environmental protection and the need to recognise the importance of seaborne trade to Australia and to maintain Australia's competitiveness in international trade. 相似文献
8.
This paper discusses the effects of competition in shipping, noting recent gains for the consumers of shipping services, a variety of strategies for investors in shipping and some of the effects on seamen. The dangers of monopolistic effects in ports are described and there is a discussion of the externalities involved in maritime safety, including pollution. The current regulatory regime, particularly the involvement of classification societies, is criticised and it is suggested that lessons can be learnt from other industries. 相似文献
9.
Hance D Smith 《Marine Policy》1995,19(6)
The environmental management of shipping requires systematic consideration of the geography of shipping routes, ship types and cargoes, and environments which can form the basis of a classificatory approach to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Beyond this, effective environmental management depends in the first instance upon sound information management including monitoring of the environment, surveillance of shipping and information technology, followed by information assessment including, in particular, risk and environmental impact. The general management dimension includes co-ordination of technical management and organisational aspects related to shipping. It is suggested that effective environmental management of shipping may depend upon a regionalisation of the marine environment for EIA purposes akin to that found in the loadline rules, together with rationalisation of the increasing number of special areas in existence or proposed for this purpose. EIA will have to become an integral part of the overall management system in the shipping industry. 相似文献
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从海洋石油开发实际需求出发,通过分析海上油田安控系统的基本原理及其组成,详细介绍了如何利用M apX控件构建3G(GPS/GIS/GPRS)综合信息处理平台,根据系统流程对海图制作、船舶定位、航行轨迹记录和安控与调度等关键部分进行设计与实现。该系统为海上油田作业及航运提供远程监控、调度和安全控制,确保海上油田施工作业安全,提高航运效率。 相似文献
13.
《Marine Policy》2014
Knowledge about the existing safety culture in a maritime organization such as in shipping companies or on board ships can enable the formulation of effective interventions to maintain and improve safety culture and safety in the organization. When assessing the safety culture, questionnaires developed for this purpose are often used. This paper proposes a work process that facilitates the analysis and interpretation of the relationships between safety culture aspects using questionnaire data. The work process includes the use of variable cluster analysis where the cluster solutions are presented in dendrograms. These were found to be an excellent way to visualize complex relationships in the quantitative data and to facilitate the understanding of the safety culture concept. Results are presented from applying the statistical process to safety culture data from six Swedish ships in international traffic. The visualized safety culture results can enable group discussions about safety on different organizational levels and can constitute an important input to the continuous improvement processes for safety and safety culture. 相似文献
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15.
《Marine Policy》2017
Climate change has recently been a subject of increased attention in the shipping sector. Along with technical issues of GHG emissions reduction, a question of appropriate governance has been raised. The argument regarding the role of global, regional, and local policies in curbing shipping emissions is a part of a broader theoretical debate on forms of global governance. This paper examines the recent literature on polycentric climate governance and suggests principles for environmental regulation in shipping based on a polycentric approach. 相似文献
16.
基于MODIS与HJ-1多源卫星的上海海域溢油事故诊断 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
随着上海港海上运输业和石油产业链的日趋发达,海上溢油事故风险也随之加剧。本文就2012年发生在上海海域吴淞口和九段沙附近的2起重大溢油事故,基于美国NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)中等分辨率MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)与国产"环境一号"卫星HJ-1的多源卫星数据,对溢油信息进行对比,通过对油水敏感通道进行波段比值运算,突出油膜与背景海水的光谱反射率差异,再结合重柴油光谱特征,利用图像分割的阈值确定法,从疑似溢油区域中有效提取溢油信息,实现溢油区域定位、溢油面积和溢油量的诊断,为事发后海域应急响应工作提供基础性分析依据。 相似文献
17.
Vessel accidents during stormy weather conditions over Kuwait's coastal waters are one of the major concerns for insurance and re-insurance companies, since such accidents can result in not only material losses but also losses of lives. In order to determine insurance rates for different types of vessels and their operators, it is desirable to estimate the risk or probability of occurrence of an accident and the resulting expected damage or losses associated with a given vessel type under the local wave conditions first. Therefore, there is a national need for such a study to provide this type of basic information on the risks or probabilities of vessel accidents caused by high waves within the Kuwait's territorial waters. The main objective of this study is thus to provide such information for the local and international agencies and companies concerned with sailing operations and maintenance, navigational safety, and particularly insurance of small recreational and commercial vessels. The study was carried out with the financial support of M/s Warba Insurance Company and the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences, Kuwait. 相似文献
18.
In this study, we propose a fuzzy approach in order to evaluate the maritime risk assessment applied to safety at sea and more particularly, the pollution prevention on the open sea. The work is based on the decision-making system, named MARISA, presented in Balmat et al. (2009). This system allowed defining a risk factor for each ship according to ship’s characteristics and weather conditions. In this novel paper, the proposed system takes into account the ship speed evolution and the ship position with respect to maritime shipping lanes is developed. To validate the method, we present an example of results with real data. 相似文献
19.
Hans Böhme 《Marine Policy》1984,8(3):229-238
The author analyses prospects and policy options for shipping in the context of three major influences: changes in seaborne trade; technical and organizational innovation; and changes in the political environment of shipping. Finally, he stresses the urgency of the need to remove the tonnage surplus — an essential feature of any restoration of equilibrium between supply and demand. 相似文献
20.
《Marine Policy》2001,25(1):13-21
This paper examines the role of co-operative self-regulation, or co-management, in safety and environmental regulation in the shipping industry. The focus is on Protection and Indemnity (P&I) Clubs in which third-party liabilities of 90% of the world's fleet (by tonnage) are insured. In theory, this creates a mutual interest amongst shipowners in minimising risk. The paper examines how this mutual interest is translated into individual behaviour, and the institutional challenges involved in maintaining mutuality within and between the Clubs. There follows an evaluation of the legitimacy of enrolling private interest groups in regulation in which a wide range of actors hold a stake. The paper concludes that P&I Clubs make a modest contribution to safety and environmental regulation, but also have some potentially unfavourable wider social implications. 相似文献