共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
选取南昌经济技术开发区规划大气环境影响预测工作为案例,分析了当选取不同气象参证站,输入同期两套不同的气象数据参数对AERMOD模型计算结果的影响,探究气象条件的差异对大气扩散的影响程度。分析结果表明,气象参证站的选取对大气环境影响预测的结果有较大的影响,使用两个距离相近的地面气象站进行预测,污染物浓度计算结果相差可达数倍以上。对比风速、风向、气温、湿度、压力、云量这些单个的气象因子,稳定边界层(SBL)湍流高度和莫宁-奥布霍夫长度这些边界层参数更能综合地反映当时的气象扩散条件,对污染扩散模型的响应更为直接。翔实的有代表性的气象数据是环境影响评价至关重要的基础。在日常的大气环境影响评价中,应全面调查了解项目周边的地面气象站的数量、类型、距离、地形特征,经过专业的气象分析,选取最能代表评价项目所在地气象条件的气象站作为气象参证站,用于该项目的环评和浓度预测。各地气象部门还应加强城市与郊区大气边界层垂直结构变化规律的观测与研究,从而为提高各地空气质量预报的精度,改善大气污染治理措施和优化城市布局提供更为科学的依据。 相似文献
2.
M. A. El-Shahawy 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,104(2):319-329
Mathematical models that can properly predict dispersion and transport ofatmospheric pollutants are an essential element in the development of warningand control strategies. Proper forecasts of atmospheric boundary-layer heightand its vertical mean wind speed provide a basis for predictions of air-pollutionconcentrations under meteorological conditions that vary horizontally, vertically,and temporally.A prognostic model is developed to predict the ventilation factor using forecast valuesof meteorological elements normally provided from meteorological agencies, in addition to specifications of terrain. Therefore, the ventilation factor and concentrations of pollutants could be predicted. Subsequent to the dependence of the present method on easily obtainable data, it avoids the non-generality and uncertainty followed from the application of some empirical relations. Even more, the method seems to provide high accuracy in validity tests. 相似文献
3.
北京地区一次空气重污染过程的目标观测分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对北京市2016年12月16~21日的空气重污染过程进行了回报试验,探讨了该次事件预报的目标观测敏感区。使用新一代高分辨率中尺度气象模式（Weather Research Forecasting,WRF）和嵌套网格空气质量模式（Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System,NAQPMS）,针对初始气象场的不确定性,通过4套初始场资料识别了影响北京地区细颗粒物（PM2.5）预报水平的目标观测敏感变量及其敏感区。结果表明:当综合考虑初始气象场的风场、温度、比湿不确定性的影响时,发现改善黑龙江区域上述气象要素的初始场精度,对北京地区PM2.5预报不确定的减小最显著;当分别考察风场、温度、比湿的不确定性的影响时,发现初始风场精度的改善,尤其是黑龙江区域风场精度的改善,能够更大程度地减小北京地区PM2.5的预报误差,对北京东南地区的PM2.5预报误差的减小甚至可达到40%以上。因此,优先对黑龙江区域的气象场,尤其是该区域的风场进行目标观测,并将其同化到预报模式的初始场中,将会有效提高初始气象场的质量,进而大大减小北京地区PM2.5浓度的预报误差,提高北京地区空气质量的预报技巧。初始风场代表了北京地区该次空气重污染事件预报的目标观测变量,而黑龙江地区则是该目标观测的敏感区域。 相似文献
4.
利用2017年151个地面气象站的逐时观测数据和相关高空资料分析关中盆地近地面风场与输送特征。首先分析盆地内代表性站点的风速和风向观测事实,然后用CALMET风场诊断模式和轨迹计算模式获取当地逐小时风场和每日逐小时传输轨迹,分析风场类型。结果表明:关中盆地内日平均风速约1～3 m s?1,夏季风速高、秋冬季低;盆地中央的主导风向以沿地形走向的东北风和西南风为主,盆地四周测站的主导风向表现出顺着地形向盆地中央汇流的趋势。各站主导风向的季节变化不大。盆地内风场分为系统控制型、弱天气背景型和局地环流型3类,全年出现日数比例分别占8%、17.3%和74.7%。以山谷风日夜循环为特征的局地环流型风场最多。以西安城区为源点的大气输送轨迹显示,系统控制型风场以偏东北方向的输送为主,弱天气背景型和局地环流型风场的轨迹输送都大致以偏东北和偏西（以及偏西南）沿盆地走向以及偏东南朝向秦岭山地这三个方向为主。局地环流型的轨迹影响范围小,集中于盆地中央和南侧山地之间,表明这是一种不利于污染扩散的风场类型。 相似文献
5.
通过收集可代表桂平市气象条件2010年的气象资料,对该气象站的不同观测频率气象参数的统计结果进行了对比分析,得出风向频率玫瑰图、污染系数图、大气稳定度,并论述了其对大气环境评价的影响,得出桂平市的大气输送通道。 相似文献
6.
北京冬季雾霾事件的气象特征分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用观测的气象要素和细颗粒物(即PM2.5)浓度资料,并结合中尺度数值天气模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model),对2013年1月北京地区雾霾污染期间天气条件和边界层气象特征进行了分析。模拟与观测对比表明,WRF模式可以较好地反映北京—天津—河北地区地面和高空主要气象要素的时空分布。对1月10~14日、27~31日两次重雾霾天气的分析表明,雾霾的形成是高浓度的大气颗粒物和特殊的气象条件共同作用的结果。小风或静风、稳定的大气层结,使大气扩散能力减弱,造成污染物堆积,偏南气流将周边污染物和水汽输送到北京,不仅增加了污染物浓度,而且有利于气溶胶吸湿增长,消光增强,使能见度下降,进而形成雾霾。 相似文献
7.
R. Salerno 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1992,45(1):19-35
Summary Dispersion and transport over complex terrain have been recognized as an important research field. In July 1988, for studying atmospheric dispersion in a mountain area, a tracer experiment has been performed in south alpine valleys near a mountain (Campo dei Fiori, 1226 m.a.s.l.). In this area air masses circulation in wind breeze conditions is frequent. This paper analyses the meteorological situation and the tracer dispersion during those experiments. First a reconstruction of the three-dimensional wind fields overCampo dei Fiori area, taking into account the effects of orography, surface thermal gradients, atmospheric stability and energy of air masses, has been performed. Then the tracer concentrations have been evaluated by means of suitable models and the results have been discussed.With 11 Figures 相似文献
8.
Ta-Yung Li 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1974,7(2):185-198
Radon is an excellent tracer for the study of transport processes in the lower atmospheric boundary layer. Analyses of the radon data measured on a 300-m meteorological tower at Philadelphia show that the diurnal variation of atmospheric turbulence is closely related to the meteorological variables. A model of variation of radon concentration with mean wind speed and low-level vertical temperature difference is derived. It indicates that radon concentration is inversely proportional to the mean wind speed and directly proportional to the temperature difference. These predictions are in good agreement with the measurements. 相似文献
9.
Using the data from the Chernobyl meteorological station for 2000–2010 and the wavelet analysis, the seasonal variations are analyzed of the average daily wind speed, wind gusts, wind speed variability, and instability coefficient (the ratio of the maximum wind speed to the average wind speed for each measurement). It is revealed that all parameters have pronounced seasonal variations, and the positions of seasonal maximum and minimum values of all variables under study are shifted relative to each other. The mean values of the shift between the seasonal variations of maximum and the average wind speed amount to 60–70 days, and those of the shift between the average speed and the instability coefficient, to about 145 days. The mentioned peculiarities of the display of seasonal variations are explained by atmospheric turbulent conditions. Proposed is a model that interprets the variability of the parameters under consideration as the statistics of separate eddies in the atmosphere. 相似文献
10.
11.
Review and Development on the Studies of Chinese Meteorological Satellite and Satellite Meteorology 
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下载免费PDF全文 Meteorological satellite and satellite meteorology are the fastest developing new branches in the atmospheric sciences. Today the meteorological satellite has become a key element in the global atmospheric sounding system while the satellite meteorology is covering the main components of earth's system science. This article describes the major achievements that China has made in these fields in the past 30 years. The following contents are involved: (1) History and present status of China's meteorological satellites. It covers the development, launch, operation, technical parameters of China's polar and geostationary meteorological satellites. (2) Major achievements on remote sensing principle and method. It describes the retrieval of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, cloud character retrieval, aerosol character retrieval, precipitation retrieval as well as the generation of cloud wind. (3) Achievement on the studies of meteorological satellite data application. This part covers the applications of meteorological satellite data to weather analysis and forecast, numerical forecast, climate monitoring, and prediction of short-term climate change. Besides, the new results on data assimilation, climate monitoring, and forecast are also included. 相似文献
12.
Guillermo J. Berri Jorgelina S. Galli Nuin Laura Sraibman German Bertossa 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2012,142(2):329-337
Low-level climatological wind fields over the La Plata River region of South America are synthesized with a dry, hydrostatic
mesoscale boundary-layer numerical model. The model is forced at the upper boundary with the 1200 UTC local radiosonde observations
and at the lower boundary with a land-river differential heating function defined from the daily meteorological observations
of the region. The climatological wind field is defined as the mean value of a series of individual daily forecasts, employing
two methods. The simplified method considers a 192-member ensemble (16 wind directions and 12 wind-speed classes at the upper
boundary). Each member has a probability of occurrence that is determined from the 1959–1984 observations; the daily method
uses a total of 3,248 days with available data during the same period. In both methods each realization is a daily forecast
from which the mean wind distributions at 0300, 0900, 1500 and 2100 local standard time are calculated and compared to the
observations of five meteorological stations in the region. The validation of the climatological wind fields for both methods
is evaluated by means of the root-mean-square error of the wind-direction frequency distribution and mean wind speed by wind
sector. The results obtained with the two methods are similar, and the errors in wind speed are always smaller than those
in wind direction. The combined errors of wind direction and wind speed show that the ensemble method is outperformed by the
daily method, on average by meteorological station in only one out of five of them, and on average by the time of the day
in only one out of 4 h. The conclusion of the study is that the ensemble method is an appropriate methodology for determining
high resolution, low-level climatological wind fields, with the boundary-layer model applied to a region with a strong diurnal
cycle of surface thermal contrast. The proposed methodology is of particular utility for synthesizing wind fields over regions
with limited meteorological observations, since the 192-member matrix can be easily defined with few observing points, as
well as in the case of relatively incomplete records. 相似文献
13.
Seung-On Hwang Song-You Hong Masao Kanamitsu 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2010,46(2):185-197
Impacts of the observing systems and meteorological parameters on a reanalyzed climatology are investigated using an assimilation algorithm based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Department of Energy (NCEP/DOE) reanalysis system. The one-year analyzed climatology is generated in a standard analysis using all of the observations, which is named the control run. Additional climatology data sets are produced by selectively choosing observational systems or meteorological variables in the reanalysis system. It is found that the radiosonde-only observation is sufficient for reproducing the reanalysis climatology. Satellite observations have no significant contribution to the large-scale fields. The importance of meteorological variables on the analyzed climatology is temperature, wind, and moisture in that order, where the mass observation is found to have a greater impact on the analyzed climatology than wind. It is, however, noted that the moisture field demonstrates a profound influence on the surface hydroclimate such as cloud cover, radiation flux, and land surface temperature. 相似文献
14.
Lan XU Wei CHENG Zhongren DENG Juanjuan LIU Bin WANG Bin LU Shudong WANG Li DONG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(5):920-936
Assimilation of the Advanced Geostationary Radiance Imager(AGRI) clear-sky radiance in a regional model is performed. The forecasting effectiveness of the assimilation of two water vapor(WV) channels with conventional observations for the “21·7” Henan extremely heavy rainfall is analyzed and compared with a baseline test that assimilates only conventional observations in this study. The results show that the 24-h cumulative precipitation forecast by the assimilation experiment with the addition ... 相似文献
15.
Poonam Mehra 《大气科学进展》1990,7(2):171-177
The association among the geomagnetic activity (Ap index) and atmospheric electric field, meteorological parameters was investigated using a long series of continuous data set available for Colaba (18o53’N, 72o48’E, 11m ASL) for the period 1936-1966. The meteorological parameters used for the investigation are the surface pressure, temperature, wind velocity and relative humidity. The results of the above study indicate that the atmospheric electric field and the meteorological parameters are associated with the geomagnetic storms with Ap > 100. The atmospheric electric field shows an increasing trend after the geomagnetic storm. The surface pressure dips and surface tempera-tures increase after a geomagnetic storm. The wind velocity shows a decreasing trend and the relative humidity shows an increasing trend after the geomagnetic storm. 相似文献
16.
In order to estimate the impacts of buildings on air pollution dispersion, numerical simulations are performed over an idealized
urban area, modelled as regular rows of large rectangular obstacles. The simulations are evaluated with the results of the
Mock Urban Setting Test (MUST), which is a near full-scale experiment conducted in Utah’s West Desert area: it consists of
releases of a neutral gas in a field of regularly spaced shipping containers. The numerical simulations are performed with
the model Mercure_Saturne, which is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code adapted to atmospheric flow and dispersion simulations. It
resolves complex geometries and uses, in this study, a k–∈ closure for the turbulence model. Sensitivity studies focus on how to prescribe the inflow conditions for turbulent kinetic
energy. Furthermore, different sets of coefficients available in the literature for the k–∈ closure model are tested. Twenty MUST trials with different meteorological conditions are simulated and detailed analyses
are performed for both the dynamical variables and average concentration. Our results show overall good agreement according
to statistical comparison parameters, with a fraction of predictions for average concentration within a factor of two of observations
of 67.1%. The set of simulations offers several inflow wind directions and allows us to emphasize the impact of elongated
buildings, which create a deflection of the plume centerline relative to the upstream wind direction. 相似文献
17.
18.
Long-Term Profiles of Wind and Weibull Distribution Parameters up to 600 m in a Rural Coastal and an Inland Suburban Area 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Sven-Erik Gryning Ekaterina Batchvarova Rogier Floors Alfredo Peña Burghard Brümmer Andrea N. Hahmann Torben Mikkelsen 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2014,150(2):167-184
An investigation of the long-term variability of wind profiles for wind energy applications is presented. The observations consists of wind measurements obtained from a ground-based wind lidar at heights between 100 and 600 m, in combination with measurements from tall meteorological towers at a flat rural coastal site in western Denmark and at an inland suburban area near Hamburg in Germany. Simulations with the weather research and forecasting numerical model were carried out in both forecast and analysis configurations. The scatter between measured and modelled wind speeds expressed by the root-mean-square error was about 10 % lower for the analysis compared to the forecast simulations. At the rural coastal site, the observed mean wind speeds above 60 m were underestimated by both the analysis and forecast model runs. For the inland suburban area, the mean wind speed is overestimated by both types of the simulations below 500 m. When studying the wind-speed variability with the Weibull distribution, the shape parameter was always underestimated by the forecast compared to both analysis simulations and measurements. At the rural coastal site although the measured and modelled Weibull distributions are different their variances are nearly the same. It is suggested to use the shape parameter for climatological mesoscale model evaluation. Based on the new measurements, a parametrization of the shape parameter for practical applications is suggested. 相似文献
19.
E. V. Gorbarenko 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(10):669-676
Using the data of long-term (1958–2012) actinometric and meteorological observations of the Meteorological Observatory of Lomonosov Moscow State University, the observed and computed long-wave fluxes and the factors defining their variability are estimated. Obtained are the normals and determined are the limits of variability of effective radiation. Analyzed are the peculiarities of atmospheric back radiation. Demonstrated is the trend towards the decrease (in absolute value) in effective radiation caused by the increase in the atmospheric back radiation flux (E a). The trend towards the increase in the atmospheric back radiation is determined by the increase in the values of meteorological parameters: cloudiness, atmospheric moisture content, and temperature. The content of aerosol and carbon dioxide does not affect the long-term variations of E a registered in Moscow. Derived empirical formulae can be recommended for estimating the atmospheric back radiation and effective radiation of the Earth surface using meteorological observations. 相似文献
20.
逐步引进因子场作相似预报 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
首先通过数学模型计算出不同样本之间的气象因子场的相似系数和表征气象因子场与天气现象之间关系的相关特征量 ,然后用相似系数和相关特征量作参数 ,以预报拟合率为判据 ,逐个引进因子场 ,组建出最优相似预报方程 ,最终作出准确率较高的客观要素预报。 相似文献