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1.
使用甘东南地区三维速度模型,利用三维网格搜索法和双差地震定位法对2013年7月22日甘肃岷县漳县MS6.6地震及其震后三天的余震序列进行了精确定位,结合地质构造资料对本次地震的发震构造进行了初步研究。其结果显示:主震的震中位置为34.54°N,104.189°E,震源深度13.5km;余震震中呈NW或NWW方向分布,与临潭-宕昌断裂的走向基本吻合,主要分布于5～20km的深度,震中在深度剖面上呈SW向;发震断裂为倾向SW的隐伏断层,位于临潭-宕昌断裂NE方向,距临潭-宕昌断裂约20km。 相似文献
2.
2013年7月22日,在甘肃岷县漳县交界处发生MS6.6地震,地震震中位置靠近临潭—宕昌断裂.本文通过构建有限断层模型,利用国家强震动台网中心提供的12条强地面运动三分量资料,通过波形反演方法来研究这次地震的震源破裂过程.结果显示这次地震是发生在甘东南地区岷县—宕昌断裂带东段附近的一次MW6.1级逆冲兼具左旋走滑破裂事件,最大滑动量约为80cm.发震断层走向及滑动性质与岷县—宕昌断裂吻合,推断本次地震与东昆仑断裂向北的扩展和推挤密切相关,是岷县—宕昌断裂进一步活动的结果. 相似文献
3.
利用甘肃"十五"数字地震台网的波形资料,采用CAP方法反演了2013年7月22日岷县漳县6.6级地震的震源机制解。结果显示:本次地震的震源性质为逆冲兼走滑型,矩震级MW6.1,震源矩心深度为7km。最佳双力偶节面Ⅱ走向304°,倾角64°,滑动角44°,其走向与附近的临潭-宕昌断裂的走向一致;倾角和滑动角,表现为左旋走滑的特性与临潭-宕昌断裂的性质相符合,判定该节面代表了主震的发震断层面。分析认为岷县漳县6.6级地震的发生与该断裂的活动密切相关。 相似文献
4.
利用甘肃遥测台网2013年7月22日至9月22日的震相观测报告,对2013年7月22日07时45分甘肃省岷县漳县交界Ms 6.6地震的地震序列进行双差定位研究.结果表明,地震序列呈北西向分布,与临潭宕昌断裂的走向基本一致,地震分布长度约10 km.震源深度剖面显示断层面向西南倾斜,浅部倾角较陡,深部略缓,表现为“铲形”逆冲断层的特征.余震区存在一条向西南延伸的余震带,与发震断层相交成y字型,推测可能是逆冲推覆构造中常见的反冲断层. 相似文献
5.
地貌参数指示的临潭-宕昌断裂带最新构造隆升差异与地震活动 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
2013年7月22日,甘肃岷县漳县MS6.6地震发生在青藏高原东北缘的临潭-宕昌断裂带上。为了研究该断裂的最新构造隆升的差异性,基于ASTER GDEM数字高程模型数据提取了流域盆地及水系,并以此为基础,计算了面积高程积分及河道坡度指数。2个地貌参数的分析结果表明,临潭-宕昌断裂不同部位的最新隆升呈现不均匀性。其中,断裂的最新逆冲活动在临潭以西及以岷县附近明显强于其他各段。上述地貌参数所指示的断裂抬升强度还与历史及现今地震发震位置较好地匹配,体现了定量化地貌分析对断裂活动强弱的指示作用。临潭-宕昌断裂受区域NE-SW向挤压构造应力作用影响,其活动的差异可能与晚第四纪以来巴颜喀拉块体NE向扩展背景下的局部应力集中有关。 相似文献
6.
2013年甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震震害分布特征及发震构造分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2013年7月22日,甘肃岷县漳县MS6.6地震发生在南北地震带的中北段,东昆仑断裂和西秦岭北缘断裂是该地区复杂多样的构造几何特征中2条主要的边界控制断裂.这次地震的震害分布与临潭-宕昌断裂的走向基本一致,为长轴走向NWW的椭圆,极震区内严重破坏范围也完全位于该断裂带内,这与临潭-宕昌断裂复杂的几何结构密切相关,也说明地震的发生是多条次级断裂共同作用的结果.综合分析认为,受西秦岭北缘断裂带向南侧的扩展和青藏高原向NE扩展过程中东昆仑断裂带的NE向挤压作用共同影响下的临潭-宕昌断裂是这次地震的发震构造. 相似文献
7.
2013年7月22日7时45分,在甘肃省定西市岷县和漳县交界（34.5°N,104.2°E）发生了一次MS6.6地震,震源深度20 km.截至7月29日8时,甘肃岷县、漳县MS6.6地震共记录到余震1 034次,其中3.0级以上余震9次,包括5.0～5.9级1次,4.0～4.9级1次,3.0～3.9级7次.其中最大余震为发生在7月22日9时12分的MS5.6地震.地震造成95人死亡,1 366人受伤.震区地处青藏高原与西秦岭陇南山地接壤区,黄土覆盖较厚,地形起伏较大,山坡陡峭,沟壑纵横,地震引发了黄土滑坡、崩塌和塌陷等次生灾害.另外,震区经济发展较为落后,房屋结构差,土木结构房屋所占比例较高,抗震性能差,是这破坏较重的主要原因.受灾范围涉及定西市、白银市、天水市、陇南市、甘南藏族自治州和临夏回族自治州等6个市（州）13个县,面积约1万多km2.甘肃天水、兰州、陇南、白银,陕西的宝鸡、汉中、咸阳、西安及四川成都、绵阳等地都有震感.地震发生后,中国地震局迅速组织地震现场考察队赶赴灾区,进行震情监测、烈度评定、震害损失评估和科学考察等工作,并于7月24日14时发布了甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震烈度图.本次地震宏观震中位于岷县梅川镇永光、永星村和禾驮乡的拉路村一带,极震区烈度为Ⅷ度.烈度长轴走向为北西向,与区域构造线相一致.本文归纳总结了岷县、漳县MS6.6地震的基本参数、烈度分布、震害特征和发震构造背景等基本特征.本次地震发生在青藏高原东缘的甘东南地区,该区是南北地震带与昆仑山—秦岭断裂带等活动构造交汇部分部位,也是北西西向的东昆仑断裂与西秦岭北缘断裂之间的构造转换区.地震发生在靠近临潭—宕昌断裂一侧.通过野外地质调查,发现通过极震区有一条断层,即禾驮乡断层为活动断层,为晚更新世活动断层.包括滑坡、地裂缝、地震陷坑和喷沙冒水等地表破坏现象沿断层成带状分布.在震源机制解方面,且震源机制解也与该断层相吻合.中国地震局地球物理研究所给出节面Ⅱ走向为320°,与禾驮乡断层相一致.中国地震局地质研究所给出的是301.3°,也基本与其吻合.两个单位所给出的滑动面倾向为51°和57.3°,皆为向北东倾,与禾驮乡断层倾向也相一致.另外发现安家山滑坡长约310m,宽约30 ～ 35 m,沿断层谷地呈长舌形向北西做水平滑动,滑动面上擦痕侧俯角为12°～23°,主滑动面走向与断层走向相一致.说明禾驮乡断层为此次地震的发震断层,该断层属于区域上临潭—宕昌断裂的次级断层,该断裂历史上在本区内曾发生过3次6级以上强震,近期又发生过2003年11月13日岷县5.2级地震和2004年9月7日岷县—卓尼5.0级地震.此次地震是临潭—宕昌断裂进一步活动的结果. 相似文献
8.
通过对2013甘肃岷县漳县交界发生MS6.6强震的发震构造区在地震前后跨断层形变研究发现:四店、麻界滩和毛羽沟场在震前出现形变异常,3个场地临震单期形变是往期平均值的2～7倍;3个场地震前形变异常持续时间不超过4个月,震后4个月除毛羽沟场地外其余场地基本恢复到往期平均水平;四店场地临震形变△V(5.5 mm)约是麻界滩和毛羽沟的2倍,产生这种形变差异的原因可能是由于岷县地震主要动力来源是西秦岭北缘断裂的活动产生,因此主断裂上的形变异常大于分支断裂;临潭—宕昌断裂具有差异性活动特征,断裂中东段活动性强于西段,岷县漳县地震的复发周期约为(220±40)a,震级为6～6.6级. 相似文献
9.
为了清晰认识岷县漳县6.6级地震的发震构造环境和区域地貌特征,本文利用DEM（数字高程模型）数据分析了甘东南地区的地形地貌基本特征,结合区域活动断裂分布及其运动学特征讨论了岷县漳县6.6级地震所处在的青藏高原东北缘的区域构造环境和地壳运动学特征,研究了甘肃东南部的基本构造环境、发震断裂的断裂活动性及孕震过程等基本发震条件.主要利用地形剖面方法分析了通过地震震源区的地貌特征,反映出区域地形地貌特征与发震构造的关系,从地貌学角度探讨了区域中上地壳变形特征及孕震过程.最后讨论了区域发震构造、地球动力学背景,通过地形剖面及区域地貌分析了岷县漳县6.6级地震发震构造特点,认为此次地震可能与汶川地震的同震及震后变形过程相关. 相似文献
10.
针对2013年7月22日甘肃岷县漳县发生的Ms6.6地震序列,采用CAP(Cut and Paste)方法反演了岷县漳县6.6级地震及部分强余震的震源机制解。结果显示,6.6级主震最佳双力偶解节面I走向189°,倾角51°,滑动角142°;节面II参数走向305°,倾角61°和滑动角46°,主震为逆冲兼走滑型,矩心震源深度均为7km;8次Ms≥3.0余震震源机制解向NE倾的节面II的优势倾角约为52°,表现出逆冲分量大的特性。结合震区的活动构造、余震及烈度分布,判定节面II代表了相应地震的发震断层面,地震序列震源机制的特性反映了与临潭一宕昌断裂带相似的活动特征,分析认为,岷县漳县6.6级地震的发生与临潭-宕昌断裂的活动可能存在一定的相关性。 相似文献
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12.
M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
14.
《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)
正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and 相似文献
15.
O. Martins 《水文研究》1988,2(1):19-29
Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO3 > SO4 > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals. 相似文献
16.
Historical earthquakes noted in the written records of the South China region, including Hong Kong, are not well delineated along identified prominent fault sources. Despite the lack of any definitive, localised trend in the spatial distribution of seismic activity in the region, there does appear to be some major disparity in the seismic activity rates (especially for large magnitude earthquakes) between the near-field and the far-field regions of Hong Kong. Despite this observation, previous studies of the regional seismic activity and seismic ground motion hazard (the latter using a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, PSHA) have considered very broad source zone regions, in which uniform levels of seismic activity have been assumed. The present paper further scrutinises this broad source zone (BSZ) approach by adopting a novel expanding circular disc (ECD) method to determine the rates of earthquake recurrence. Such a method is intended to counter-check previously developed models by determining earthquake scenario events in terms of magnitude–distance (M–R) pairs or combinations, having defined values of average return period. Unlike the BSZ approach, the ECD method specifically accounts for the supposed variations in the seismic activity rates between events in the near-field and the far-field of Hong Kong.The form of the developed method is particularly suited to the determination of design-level earthquake ground motions for bedrock sites, since it assumes a directionally-independent attenuation model as described in the companion paper. It is found that, whilst the BSZ approach may indicate the overall average levels of hazard that are representative of the South China region as a whole, it does not capture the large disparity in seismic activity rates between near-field and far-field events. This important feature is expected to have a significant impact upon engineering assessments of the seismic safety of structures in Hong Kong and elsewhere in the South China region. For example, it is found that for events with M≥6, the seismic activity rate (normalised by time and area) in the very far-field is around 3.5 times larger than in the near-field and medium-field of Hong Kong. The resulting design M-R combinations, covering a range of return periods from 70 to 2500 years, are limited, for very long return periods and for distant events, by the maximum credible earthquake (MCE) magnitude. Intensive research to determine this seismic hazard parameter is recommended, in order to refine further the results of the ECD analysis, which presently conservatively assumes the MCE to range between M=6 in the near-field of Hong Kong to M=8 in the very far-field, at distances greater than 280 km from Hong Kong. 相似文献
17.
Depositional ages and characteristics of Middle–Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous lacustrine deposits in southeastern Mongolia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hitoshi Hasegawa Hisao Ando Noriko Hasebe Niiden Ichinnorov Tohru Ohta Takashi Hasegawa Masanobu Yamamoto Gang Li Bat‐Orshikh Erdenetsogt Ulrich Heimhofer Takayuki Murata Hironori Shinya G. Enerel G. Oyunjargal O. Munkhtsetseg Noriyuki Suzuki Tomohisa Irino Koshi Yamamoto 《Island Arc》2018,27(3)
Lower Cretaceous lacustrine oil shales are widely distributed in southeastern Mongolia. Due to the high organic carbon content of oil shale, many geochemical studies and petroleum exploration have been conducted. Although most of the oil shales are considered to be Early Cretaceous in age, a recent study reveals that some were deposited in the Middle Jurassic. The present study aims at establishing depositional ages and characteristics of the Jurassic and Cretaceous lacustrine deposits in Mongolia. The Lower Cretaceous Shinekhudag Formation is about 250 m thick and composed of alternating beds of shale and dolomite. The Middle Jurassic Eedemt Formation is about 150 m thick and composed of alternating beds of shale, dolomitic marl, and siltstone. The alternations of shale and dolomite in both formations were formed by lake level changes, reflecting precipitation changes. Shales were deposited in the center of a deep lake during highstand, while dolomites were formed by primary precipitation during lowstand. Based on the radiometric age dating, the Shinekhudag Formation was deposited between 123.8 ±2.0 Ma and 118.5 ±0.9 Ma of the early Aptian. The Eedemt Formation was deposited at around 165–158 Ma of Callovian–Oxfordian. The calculated sedimentation rate of the Shinekhudag Formation is between 4.7 ±2.6 cm/ky and 10.0 ±7.6 cm/ky. Shales in the Shinekhudag Formation show micrometer‐scale lamination, consisting of algal organic matter and detrital clay mineral couplets. Given the average thickness of micro‐laminae and calculated sedimentation rate, the micro‐lamination is most likely of varve origin. Both Middle–Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous lacustrine oil shales were deposited in intracontinental basins in the paleo‐Asian continent. Tectonic processes and basin evolution basically controlled the deposition of these oil shales. In addition, enhanced precipitation under humid climate during the early Aptian and the Callovian–Oxfordian was another key factor inducing the widespread oil shale deposition in Mongolia. 相似文献
18.
A. C. LIAKOPOULOS Dr. Eng. 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):69-110
ABSTRACT The one-dimensional transient downward entry of water in unsaturated soils is investigated theoretically. The mathematical equation describing the infiltration process is derived by combining Darcy's dynamic equation of motion with the continuity and thermodynamic state equations adjusted for the unsaturated flow conditions. The resulting equation together with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions constitues a mathematical initial boundary value problem requiring the solution of a nonlinear partial differential equation of the parabolic type. The volumetric water content is taken as the dependent variable and the time and the position along the vertical direction are taken as the independent variables. The governing equation is of such nature that a solution exists for t > 0 and is uniquely determined if two relationships are defined, together with the specified state of the system, at the initial time t = 0 and at the two boundaries. The two required relations are those of pressure versus permeability and pressure versus volumetric water content. Since the partial differential equation has strong non-linear terms, a discrete solution is obtained by approximating the derivatives with finite-differences at discrete mesh points in the solution domain and integrated for the corresponding initial and boundary conditions. The use of an implicit difference scheme is employed in order to generate a system of simultaneous non-linear equations that has to be solved for each time increment. For n mesh points the two boundary conditions provide two equations and the repetition of the recurrence formula provides n—2 equations, the total being n equations for each time increment. The solution of the system is obtained by matrix inversion and particularly with a back-substitution technique. The FORTRAN statements used for obtaining the solution with an electronic digital computer (IBM 704) are presented together with the input data. Analysis of the errors involved in the numerical solution is made and the stability and convergence of the solution of the approximate difference equation to that of the differential equation is investigated. The method applied is that of making a Fourier series expansion of a whole line of errors and then following the progress of the general term of the series expansion and also the behavior of each constituent harmonic. The errors (forming a continuous function of points in an abstract Banach space) are represented by vectors with the Fourier coefficients constituting a second Banach space. The amplification factor of the difference equation is shown to be always less than unity which guarantees the stability of the employed implicit recurrence scheme. Experiments conducted on a vertical column packed uniformly with very fine sand, show a satisfactory agreement between the theoretically and experimentally obtained values. Many experimental results are shown in an attempt to explain the infiltration phenomenon with emphasis on the shape and movement of the wet front, and the effects of the degree of compaction, initial water content and deaired water on the infiltration rate. 相似文献
19.
Church repair swarms and earthquakes in Rhodes Island, Greece 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
20.
GHODRAT TORABI 《Island Arc》2012,21(3):215-229
Late Permian trondhjemites in the Anarak area occur as stocks and dykes, which cross cut the Anarak ophiolite and its overlying metasedimentary rocks, and are exposed along the northern Anarak east–west main faults. These leucocratic intrusive bodies have enclaves of all ophiolitic units and metamorphic rocks. They are composed of amphibole, plagioclase (oligoclase), quartz, zircon and muscovite. Secondary minerals are chlorite (pycnochlorite), epidote, albite, magnetite and calcite. Whole‐rock major‐ and trace‐element analyses reveal that they are characterized by high SiO 2 (67.8–71.0 wt%), Al 2 O 3 (14.9–17.1 wt%) and Na 2 O (5.3–8.6 wt%), low K 2 O (0.1–1.5 wt%; average: 0.8 wt%), low Rb/Sr ratio (0.01–0.40; average: 0.09), low Y (3–6 ppm), negative Ti, Nb and Ta anomalies, slightly negative or positive Eu anomaly, LREE enrichment and fractionated HREE. These rocks present 2 to 40 times enrichment in inclined chondrite‐normalized REE patterns. Geochemical characteristics of the Anarak trondhjemites all reflect melting of a mafic protolith at more than 10 kbar. The field evidence and whole‐rock chemistry reveal that these rocks have been crystallized from magmas derived from melting of subducted Anarak oceanic crust. This study reveals that melting of garnet amphibolite was an important element of continent formation in the study area. 相似文献