共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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地面沉降作为一种缓变性地质灾害，不仅破坏地质环境，而且影响国民经济建设。华北平原是我国地面沉降面积最大的区域之一，为了解地面沉降对社会经济系统的影响，需要对华北平原地面沉降灾害的经济损失进行评估。文章主要探讨了地面沉降灾害的评估方法和原则。 相似文献
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《上海国土资源》2014,(4)
本文针对拟建的京沈客运高铁专线,介绍了该线路工程概况以及北京段区域内的水文地质、工程地质、环境地质背景,详细分析了工程沿线地面沉降发展概况。以《北京市地质灾害危险性评估技术规范》为依据,充分考虑工程沿线地面沉降灾害灾情、危害程度、发育程度等因素,对京沈客运高铁专线北京段进行了地面沉降灾害危险性现状评估和未来五年内地面沉降灾害危险性预测评估,并分别划分现状危险性中、小区段和预测危险性大、中和小区段。提出在建设过程中充分考虑地面沉降影响、严格控制沿线地下水开采、切实落实北京市地面沉降防治规划目标等地面沉降灾害防治建议,为保障工程施工建设和安全运营提供参考。 相似文献
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2002年9月16日下午,上海市科学技术委员会邀请有关专家,在灵石路930号地质大厦六楼学术报告厅,组织召开了上海市科委重大科研项目“上海市地面沉降灾害经济损失评估”报告的成果评审会。 来自国内相关领域的共11位专家学者组成了评审委员会,他们分别是南京大学中国科学院薛禹群院 相似文献
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烟台市地面变形灾害特征及其防治对策探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自20世纪80年代以来,山东省烟台市相继出现了地面塌陷、地裂缝、地面沉降等地面变形灾害,给当地人民造成了巨大的经济损失,本文对烟台市地面塌陷、地裂缝、地面沉降等地面变形的特征、成因、危害及其防治对策进行了系统的分析,对产生这些灾害的主要原因和防治措施进行了探讨。 相似文献
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地面沉降灾害已经成为制约地区社会经济可持续发展的重要因素,风险评估和管理是实现灾害防治从被动防御向主动防治转变的标志。根据地面沉降现状以及区域地质情况、水文地质条件等,分析了盐城地区的地面沉降机理及其主要影响因素。结合盐城实际,选取累计地面沉降量、地面沉降速率、软土层厚度、主要开采层厚度、地下水开发利用程度作为危险性指标以及单位面积GDP比重、人口密度比重、地面高程作为易损性指标,绘制了危险性分区图和易损性分区图,建立地面沉降风险评价体系。利用层次分析-综合指数法和MapGIS空间分析功能,开展地面沉降风险综合评价。根据评价结果并结合地面沉降现状和已有的防治措施,提出切实可行的改进措施和建议。 相似文献
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西安地裂缝与地面沉降灾害经济损失评估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了深入分析西安地裂缝与地面沉降灾害致灾特点及定量评价其经济损失,在中国地质调查局于2004-2006年开展的西安地区地裂缝与地面沉降调查所取得的成果资料基础上,通过综合分析研究得出,西安地裂缝与地面沉降的致灾特点具有直接性、三维破坏性、三维空间有限性、渐进性和持久性。采用终值法、影子工程法、统计推断法、重置成本法、建造成本或工程费用法、灾情对比法、间接损失与直接损失比例法和权重分解法评价得出地裂缝与地面沉降灾害在1976-2006年造成经济损失为117亿元,其中直接损失71亿元,间接损失46亿元。 相似文献
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《上海国土资源》2021,(2)
上海自1921年发现地面沉降,至今已经100年历史。上海采取压缩地下水开采和进行地下水人工回灌等措施,使地面沉降得到有效控制。尤其21世纪上海市进入微量沉降阶段。地面沉降速度显著减小,地面沉降防治进入分区管控的新阶段。本文从上海市防治分区角度出发,对2001～2017年间上海地面沉降变化特征及其与地下水采灌关系进行分析研究。结果表明上海地面沉降量总体呈减小趋势,地面沉降防治效果显著。地面沉降量变化趋势与深部土体变形量变化趋势大抵相同,2001～2008年间各防治区地面沉降量大幅减小,2009～2017年间减小速率较平缓。2001～2008年间,重点防治区地面沉降量相比次重点及一般防治区年均沉降量差值约10mm,2009～2017年间差值减至约3mm,重点防治区地面沉降防治效果相对更明显。重点防治区在2001～2017年间地面沉降虽然减缓但持续发展,而次重点和一般防治区则在2009年后由地面沉降转变为地面回弹。各防治区深部土体在2009年左右开始回弹,浅部土体年压缩量变化不大且几乎不回弹或微量回弹。2001～2017年间上海各防治区地面沉降量及深部土体变形量变化趋势与净抽水量变化整体响应良好,压缩开采、增大回灌能有效防治地面沉降灾害。2009年后深部含水层开始回弹,之后随着净抽水量继续减小回弹变化缓慢;除一般防治区外其它防治区回弹量在3mm内轻微波动。人工回灌对于增大深部土体回弹的效果不明显。 相似文献
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自20世纪70年代以来,河北省衡水市相继出现了地面沉降、地裂缝及咸水入侵等地质灾害,给当地人民造成了一定的经济损失。本文对衡水市地面沉降、地裂缝及咸水入侵等灾害的分布特征及危害作了较系统地阐述,分析产生这些灾害的主要原因为超量开采深层地下水。在此基础上,对防治上述地质灾害进一步发展提出了措施建议。 相似文献
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本文旨在研究大量抽取地下水对地面沉降影响的问题,列举很多这类问题的具体实例,同时指出很多位于沿海一带和过度使用地下水的城市中,除地面沉降以外还发生了海水淹没城区的灾害。在分析塔林和莫斯科市抽取地下水的工作经验基础上,对地表严重下沉和喀斯特-潜蚀灾害的发育进行评估。对首先通过减少地下水开采预防地面沉降的现有经验进行简要描述。 相似文献
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Community-scale estimates of building damage and economic loss are modeled for Seaside, Oregon, for Cascadia subduction zone events ranging from 8.7 to 9.3 MW with corresponding slip distances of 3–25 m considering only the effects of the tsunami. Numerical simulations are obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s method of splitting tsunami model which includes a source model, subsidence, and calculations of the propagation and inundation flow characteristics. The damage estimates are based on fragility curves from the literature which relate flow depth with probability of damage for two different structural materials of buildings. Calculations are performed at the parcel level for the inundation hazard without including damage caused by the earthquake itself. Calculations show that the severity of building damage in Seaside is sensitive to the magnitude of the event or degree of slip because the majority of the city is located on low-lying coastal land within the estimated inundation zone. For the events modeled, the percentage of building within the inundation zone ranges from 9 to 88 %, with average direct economic losses ranging from $2 million to $1.2 billion. 相似文献
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Land subsidence, a major and well-known geological hazard in Shanghai, has caused serious losses. Based on past studies, the cost and benefit of the Shanghai's land subsidence hazard control were assessed and forecasted by risk assessment. An economic benefit-risk assessment was taken in order to control completely land subsidence and make rational safety elevations of the flood control wall. The result of risk assessment shows that the present 6.9-m elevation of the floodwall is not sufficient for the standard of occurring only once in a thousand years. After 200 years, the spring tide hazardous risk losses caused by land subsidence would amount to 49.73 million yuan per year. The proportion of expense in thoroughly controlling land subsidence to the economic benefit is 1:41.44; to construct the flood control wall to an elevation that would prevent inundation from a flood event, to reach the standard of occurring only once in a thousand years, and to avoid tide losses, the ratio of the investment of reducing tide hazard to the economic benefit should be 1:53.24. 相似文献
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Shujun Ye Yue Luo Jichun Wu Xuexin Yan Hanmei Wang Xun Jiao Pietro Teatini 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(3):695-709
Shanghai, in China, has experienced two periods of rapid land subsidence mainly caused by groundwater exploitation related to economic and population growth. The first period occurred during 1956–1965 and was characterized by an average land subsidence rate of 83 mm/yr, and the second period occurred during 1990–1998 with an average subsidence rate of 16 mm/yr. Owing to the establishment of monitoring networks for groundwater levels and land subsidence, a valuable dataset has been collected since the 1960s and used to develop regional land subsidence models applied to manage groundwater resources and mitigate land subsidence. The previous geomechanical modeling approaches to simulate land subsidence were based on one-dimensional (1D) vertical stress and deformation. In this study, a numerical model of land subsidence is developed to simulate explicitly coupled three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow and 3D aquifer-system displacements in downtown Shanghai from 30 December 1979 to 30 December 1995. The model is calibrated using piezometric, geodetic-leveling, and borehole extensometer measurements made during the 16-year simulation period. The 3D model satisfactorily reproduces the measured piezometric and deformation observations. For the first time, the capability exists to provide some preliminary estimations on the horizontal displacement field associated with the well-known land subsidence in Shanghai and for which no measurements are available. The simulated horizontal displacements peak at 11 mm, i.e. less than 10 % of the simulated maximum land subsidence, and seems too small to seriously damage infrastructure such as the subways (metro lines) in the center area of Shanghai. 相似文献
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基于ANN的苏锡常地裂缝预测研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
伴随着地面沉降灾害的发生,地裂缝作为一种新的地质灾害出现在苏锡常平原上,已有十多年历史,给地区发展造成严重危害。作者在较详细地阐述区域地质背景基础上,着重分析了地下水位和地面沉降在地裂缝形成中的作用。确定了“起伏的基底外加地下水位和地面沉降作用”这一地裂缝成灾模式。研究认为地裂缝的发生与地下水及地面沉降之间不存在简单的线性关系。而是二者共同作用的结果,同时需要有量的配合。初步确定了水位埋深50m,地面沉降量达500mm这样一个苏锡常地区地裂缝的易发环境。通过文章的研究,使得苏锡常地区地裂缝的产生机制更加清晰。文中一些定性和半定量的分析结论将对该地区地裂缝防治区划产生指导作用。 相似文献
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Application of grey theory-based model to prediction of land subsidence due to engineering environment in Shanghai 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Yi-Qun Tang Zhen-Dong Cui Jian-Xiu Wang Li-Ping Yan Xue-Xin Yan 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(3):583-593
Land subsidence is a common geological hazard. The long-term accumulation of land subsidence in Shanghai has caused economic
loss to the city. Since the 1990s, the engineering structures have become a new cause of land subsidence. Many factors affect
the process of land subsidence. Although such a process cannot be explicitly expressed by a mathematical formula, it is not
a “black box” whose internal structure, parameters, and characteristics are unknown. Therefore, the grey theory can be applied
to the prediction of land subsidence and provides useful information for the control of land subsidence. In this paper, a
grey model (GM) GM (1, 1) with unequal time-intervals was used to predict the subsidence of a high-rise building in the Lujiazui
area of Shanghai, and the results were compared with the monitored data. The prediction of subsidence was also corroborated
by laboratory tests and the results were compared with measured data and the predicted data by the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference
system (ANFIS). It is found that the GM (1, 1) with unequal time-intervals is accurate and feasible for the prediction of
land subsidence. 相似文献
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Jidong Wu Ning Li Stéphane Hallegatte Peijun Shi Aijun Hu Xueqin Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(1):161-172
Disaster loss estimates are helpful for managing post-disaster reconstruction and for designing disaster-risk mitigation strategies.
However, most of these estimates in China merely consider direct losses, and only a few include indirect economic losses.
As the most destructive earthquake since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the Wenchuan Earthquake that
occurred in 2008 resulted in direct economic damages reached Chinese Yuan (CNY) 845 billion (US $124 billion). The aim of
the study was to estimate indirect economic losses caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan Province through the Adaptive
Regional Input–Output (ARIO) model, which can reflect disaster-related changes in production capacity, ripple effects within
the economic system, and adaptive behaviors of economic actors. The results showed that indirect economic losses in the production
and housing sectors were estimated at 40% of the direct economic losses, i.e., approximately CNY 300 billion; moreover, the
model predicted an 8-year reconstruction period. Several factors contributed to these losses, including significant damages
to key sectors, financial constraints on reconstruction, post-earthquake investment instability, and limits in reconstruction
capacity. Active government support policies post-earthquake are a useful strategy to mitigate the adverse economic impact
of an earthquake in developing countries. 相似文献
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Beibei Hu Jun Zhou Shiyuan Xu Zhenlou Chen Jun Wang Dongqi Wang Lei Wang Jifa Guo Weiqing Meng 《Natural Hazards》2013,66(2):873-886
Land subsidence, a major geological hazard in Tianjin, has caused serious losses. In this research, we established a numerical model to predict potential land subsidence caused by groundwater overdraft in the next decades. The model set three groundwater extraction scenarios, corresponding to (1) current rate, (2) 2 % decrease, and (3) South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Economic losses induced by land subsidence were calculated based on the three land subsidence scenarios. The results showed that with a better management plan (e.g., 2 % decrease in groundwater extraction) or with the success of the water transfer project, the economic loss could be reduced by 36 % or even 74 %. The results of this research provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development planning as well as disaster prevention policy-making of Tianjin Binhai New Area. 相似文献
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During the process of urbanization and industrialization, groundwater has been extensively overexploited, with the direct result of continuously decreasing groundwater level, followed by the appearance of large scale of depression cones, which is furthermore followed by land subsidence, seawater intrusion, and increasing difficulties in subsequent groundwater exploitation. This paper makes an analysis on the geological disasters caused by overexploitation of groundwater. The consumption and overexploitation status of groundwater in representative regions in China is discussed first, with the distribution and development of depression cones elaborated the next. And the problems of land subsidence, seawater intrusion, and increasing difficulties caused by overexploitation of groundwater are analyzed at last. Results show that overexploitation of groundwater is positively related to economic development. Moreover, geological disasters such as land subsidence and seawater intrusion caused by long term of overexploitation also aggregate, posing threats, and losses to people’s lives and production. According to the analysis, the fundamental resolution for overexploitation of groundwater as well as consequential geological damages is to properly control city size and to utilize groundwater rationally and efficiently. 相似文献