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1.
富勒烯（Fullerene）为除金刚石和石墨外碳元素的第三种同素异形体，自Kroto等1985年发现以来，对富勒烯的研究一直是世界性的热点话题，并在多个方面取得重要进展。它具有稳定的封闭笼状结构，被认为在星际空间广泛存在。富勒烯的形成条件特殊，普通的地球环境和地质过程不利于富勒烯的生成。1992年天然富勒烯在俄罗斯前寒武纪地层桑加岩（Shungite）中被发现，引起了人们对天然富勒烯研究的兴趣。随着富勒烯在陨石和撞击构造中的发现，人们更加关注事件地层中富勒烯存在的可能性以及它们的可能来源。二叠纪—三叠纪（P-T）之交发生了地质历史上规模最大的生物灭绝事件，因此，学者十分关注P-T界线地层中是否能检测到天然富勒烯的的存在。文章回顾了富勒烯在陨石、撞击构造、K-T界线地层和P T界线地层的研究进展，并重点对P-T界线富勒烯的存在问题进行讨论，指出从样品采集到样品测试，每一个环节都可能影响富勒烯的检出。P-T界线地层富勒烯可能源于陨石撞击、天然大火等极端地质事件，而包裹在富勒烯碳笼的稀有气体的同位素组成提供了进一步区分的重要证据。事件地层中普遍存在富勒烯，表明天然富勒烯可以作为地层中发生过重大灾变事件的重要的地球化学指标，而具有异常稀有气体同位素组成的富勒烯则是地外撞击事件的最直接证据。 相似文献
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天然富勒烯及煤中的富勒烯 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天然富勒烯的研究是富勒烯科学和地质科学相交叉的一个新兴的研究领域，是当前的研究热点之一。本文总结了天然富勒烯在自然界的分布、成因及研究现状，从碳稳定同位素系列入手重点讨论了煤中的富勒烯C60的初步成因，并简述了其研究意义； 相似文献
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天然富勒烯的地质产状与成因 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
天然富勒烯研究是富勒烯科学和地质科学相交叉的一个新兴研究领域,迄今为止已在桑加岩、闪电熔岩、陨石撞击坑中的含碳质角砾岩、古近系/白垩系地层界线(E/K)的含碳粘土岩、三叠系/二叠系(T/P)界线岩石(粘土岩、硅质岩)、恐龙蛋壳、煤、重质油、固体沥青以及半天然的烟灰、木炭、书墨等物质中检测到富勒烯的存在,但含量很低。多数天然富勒烯的地质分布、成因机制与陨石撞击、野火、闪电等有关,但部分天然富勒烯的成因尚不清楚。天然富勒烯研究扩展了人们对自然界碳结构及其演化的认识,在地质事件、事件地层如陨石撞击事件、E/K界线、T/P界线等的研究中充分显示了其独特的方法和应用价值。 相似文献
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黔西北铅锌矿床REE特征及其意义 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
据各类样品的REE组成，研究了三个矿床矿石，恂变围岩及其原岩REE地球化学特征，计算出近似的成矿流体REE成分，讨论了REED 成矿（蚀变）过程中的地球化学行为，结合其他地质地球化学特征认为成矿物质主体是来源于下部的富金属流体，蚀变围岩的REE模式可作为寻找盲矿标志。 相似文献
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热场中流体运移直观模拟实验及其地质意义（摘要）陈家清罗文积（西北工业学校天水７４１０２５）花岗岩接触带成矿具有重要意义，多源成矿已为人们普遍认同，然而，围岩成矿物质由何方进入仍存在分岐，除传统的由热中心向外运移外，是否还存在由围岩向热中心方向的内向运... 相似文献
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钻孔电磁波法在岩溶勘查中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
灰岩地区，建筑场地的岩溶的岩溶勘查是个重要课题，也是工程界的一大难题。溶洞与围岩之间存在明显的高频电性差异，为应用钻孔电磁波法提供了良好的地球物理前提。通过广州地区的应用实例说明，本方法不仅可以定性划分岩溶发育区和非发育区，而且还可以半定量地求出隐伏溶洞的空间分布以及钻孔揭露溶洞的延伸范围。 相似文献
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地球化学与环境样品分析标准物质和GeoReM数据库 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
在地球化学和环境样品分析中,标准物质发挥着越来越重要的作用。尽管通常要求分析者必须提供量值溯源的测量过程的信息;但大多数论著都未给出标准物质的数据。文章强调标准物质在地球化学分析工作中的重要性,同时将地球化学与环境样品分析标准物质数据库GeoReM介绍给中国的地质分析工作者。GeoReM数据库收录了1880个地球化学和环境样品分析标准物质的定值数据、汇编数据、分析数据及其他相关信息,其中包括156个由中国制备的标准物质的数据。GeoReM数据库还给出了所收录标准物质推荐使用的首选值及其不确定度。尽管这些首选值大多都不是按照国际标准化组织的有关规定而确定的,但是它们的置信度高,因而被广泛应用于仪器校准和分析数据的质量监控。文章还指出要将中国研制的、发表在中文期刊上的标准物质也收录到GeoReM数据库中,这对于促进中国的相关研究,增加国际认可度具有重要意义。 相似文献
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天然硅藻土及其热处理产物的ＥＳＲ研究温桂兰张惠芬（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词硅藻土热处理ＥＳＲ谱本文探讨了广东海康县、徐闻县等国内外１６个硅藻土样品及其中２个热处理产物在煅烧过程热结构变化中铁的存在形式。ＥＳＲ谱的测试是在... 相似文献
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云南铂族元素找矿基础问题 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
云南省铂族元素矿床成矿地质条件较好，已有不少已知矿床、矿点、找矿信息及地球化学异常。找矿重点以基性超基性岩型为主，也应考虑其它类型，如热液型、黑色页岩型、煤岩型等。找矿重点地区除在峨眉山玄武岩分布区及其周边外，应注意康滇地轴中部及边缘中新生代断裂带通过的地区。峨眉山玄武岩分布区外围的卡林型金矿和浅成低温热液型矿床分布区亦值得重视，如滇东南地区。此外，寒武系黑色岩系及含磷层位的含铂性是一个具有挑战性的新课题，值得加强研究。云南铂族元素矿床的成矿时代，可能从元古代到新生代均有，对云南找铂来说非常有利，其它省区无法与之相比。新生代构造可能将深埋的矿体错动到浅部，找矿中需要特别注意。不妨“沿河找矿”。第四纪的风化壳中是否有铂族元素的富集也可探索。 相似文献
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Determination of Fullerenes (C_(60)/C_(70)) from the Permian-Triassic Boundary in the Meishan Section of South China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LI Yanfang LIANG Handong YIN Hongfu SUN Jing CAI Hou''an RAO Zhu RAN Fanlin China University of Mining Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Ministry of Education Beijing China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(1):11-15
Fullerenes (C60/C70), clays and rocks near the Permian-Triassic (P/T) boundary in the Meishan section of South China are explored by means of comprehensive analytical techniques, including ultrasonic extraction with column purification, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS). The study confirms the existence of fullerenes toward the P/T event boundary and their absence in clays and limestones beyond the boundary. In particular, the white clay, known as the event boundary, contains fullerenes of 0.33 ppb, while the red material, as the first lamina fill of goethite and gypsum on the base of the white clay, contains fullerenes of 1.23 ppb, and the last lamina of 2.50 ppb. Significantly, distinct enrichment of fullerenes is coincident with the disappearance of fossil records of marine species (94%) just at the base of the white clay,implying that geological fullerenes would be one of temporal remnants led by the P/T catastrophic event. This work strongly supports that fullerenes would be one of significant records of the P/T catastrophic event but their origin remains to be studied further. 相似文献
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V. Yu. Zabrodin 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2007,1(5):473-481
Using the standard methods of paleogeographic analysis, small-scale paleogeographic sketch maps of the Verkhnyaya Bureya and Gudzhik depressions of the Bureya Foredeep are compiled for the Pliensbachian, Bajocian-Bathonian, Callovian, and Tithonian ages of the Jurassic. Marine sedimentation settings that existed during the Late Triassic and the major part of the Jurassic are characterized. 相似文献
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Aleksandar Mezga Christian A. Meyer Blanka Cvetko Te&#x;ovi&#x; Zlatan Bajraktarevi&#x; Ivan Gu&#x;i&#x; 《Cretaceous Research》2006,27(6):735-742
The first discovery of dinosaur footprints on the Dalmatian part of the Adriatic-Dinaric carbonate platform (ADCP) is reported. They constitute the geologically youngest record of footprints on the ADCP. The trackbearing layer was formed in the intertidal environment and represents the final stage of a shallowing-upward cycle. Just below it, a heavy dinoturbated limestone layer can be observed. Microfacies analysis, incorporating evidence from benthic foraminifera and algae, indicates a Late Turonian–Early Coniacian age. The overall morphology and size of the footprints points to sauropod dinosaurs; they represent the largest forms recorded so far on the ADCP. This hints at a prolonged sauropod presence on the platform and to its Late Cretaceous connection to the continent rather than isolation. 相似文献
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J. Hohenegger S. Ćorić M. Khatun P. Pervesler F. Rögl C. Rupp A. Selge A. Uchman M. Wagreich 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(4):915-930
The scientific borehole Baden-Sooss penetrates a succession of Badenian (Langhian, Middle Miocene) sediments at the type locality
of the Badenian, the old brickyard Baden-Sooss in the Vienna Basin. The sedimentary succession of the 102-m-cored interval
consists of more than 95% bioturbated, medium-to-dark gray marly shales with carbonate contents between 11 and 25% and organic
carbon contents between 0.35 and 0.65%. Biostratigraphic investigations on foraminifera (mainly lower part of Upper Lagenid
Zone) and calcareous nannoplankton (standard zone NN5) indicate an early Badenian (Langhian) age. Cycles in carbonate content,
organic carbon content, and magnetic susceptibility have been identified by power spectra analysis. Correlations between the
three variables are extremely significant. Using cross-correlation, periods around 40 m correlate significantly with the 100 kyr−1 eccentricity cycle, the ∼20 m periods with the obliquity cycle, and the 15 to 11-m periods with both precession cycles. Wavelet
transformation and decomposition of composite periodic functions were used to obtain the position of the cycle peaks in the
profile. Cross-correlation with orbital cycles (La2004) dates the Baden-Sooss core between −14.379 ± 1 and −14.142 my ± 9 kyr. 相似文献
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Peter J. Swedlund Jenny G. Webster Gordon M. Miskelly 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(6):1548-43
Adsorption of Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ onto goethite is enhanced in the presence of sulfate. This effect, which has also been observed on ferrihydrite, is not predicted by the diffuse layer model (DLM) using adsorption constants derived from single sorbate systems. However, by including ternary surface complexes with the stoichiometry FeOHMSO4, where FeOH is a surface adsorption site and M2+ is a cation, the effect of SO42− on cation adsorption was accurately predicted for the range of cation, goethite and SO42− concentrations studied. While the DLM does not provide direct molecular scale insights into adsorption reactions there are several properties of ternary complexes that are evident from examining trends in their formation constants. There is a linear relationship between ternary complex formation constants and cation adsorption constants, which is consistent with previous spectroscopic evidence indicating ternary complexes involve cation binding to the oxide surface. Comparing the data from this work to previous studies on ferrihydrite suggests that ternary complex formation on ferrihydrite involves complexes with the same or similar structure as those observed on goethite. In addition, it is evident that ternary complex formation constants are larger where there is a stronger metal-ligand interaction. This is also consistent with spectroscopic studies of goethite-M2+-SO42− and phthalate systems showing surface species with metal-ligand bonding. Recommended values of ternary complex formation constants for use in SO4-rich environments, such as acid mine drainage, are presented. 相似文献
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乌鲁木齐河源冰雪及多年冻土径流过程特征 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1
在全球气候变暖背景下,乌鲁木齐河源自20世纪90年代中后期呈现出显著气温升高和明显降水增加趋势,乌鲁木齐河源区1号冰川及空冰斗山坡春季冰雪消融径流开始产流的时间有明显的推后趋势;同时径流结束、河道断流的时间也有不太显著的推后现象,其间接说明了高山区冰川及多年冻土融冻过程有了明显的消融季节推后特征.2000年以后春季径流明显大于20世纪80年代,其中冰川主要消融期径流变幅明显小于前期,空冰斗山坡夏季径流显著增大且变幅明显变大.分析认为,乌鲁木齐河源径流的这些变化,主要是河源区冬、秋季的明显升温,大气降水、季节性积雪融水和冻土活动层融冻过程变化等的反映. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2006,21(5):820-825
An analytical approach, based on the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of Mn(II) in travertines, has been developed in order to obtain relevant information about the local inhomogeneity of calcite and about the thermodynamic conditions which control the formation of travertine deposits. This information is crucial to constrain the precipitation of travertine under different geochemical contexts. An empirical correlation between the spectral features and the zero-field splitting (ZFS) interaction has been established through numerical simulations of EPR spectra. The variability of the investigated parameters and the applicability of the method have been tested on several travertines from Central Italy. 相似文献