共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 24 毫秒
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采用静态情景模拟与基于GIS的淹没分析相结合的情景分析方法和指标体系方法综合的脆弱性分析方法开展研究,重点探讨了中国沿海地区典型区域在全球气候变化背景下的脆弱性情况。从危险性、暴露性、敏感性和恢复性等方面开展脆弱性分析,探讨了指标间的权重分配方法,并将脆弱性评估结果划分为低、中、高、极高4个等级,从而为区域的防灾降险提供决策依据。 相似文献
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Binh Thai Pham Dieu Tien Bui Ha Viet Pham Hung Quoc Le Indra Prakash M. B. Dholakia 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2017,45(4):673-683
Landslide hazard assessment at the Mu Cang Chai district; Yen Bai province (Viet Nam) has been done using Random SubSpace fuzzy rules based Classifier Ensemble (RSSCE) method and probability analysis of rainfall data. RSSCE which is a novel classifier ensemble method has been applied to predict spatially landslide occurrences in the area. Prediction of temporally landslide occurrences in the present study has been done using rainfall data for the period 2008–2013. A total of fifteen landslide influencing factors namely slope, aspect, curvature, plan curvature, profile curvature, elevation, land use, lithology, rainfall, distance to faults, fault density, distance to roads, road density, distance to rivers, and river density have been utilized. The result of the analysis shows that RSSCE and probability analysis of rainfall data are promising methods for landslide hazard assessment. Finally, landslide hazard map has been generated by integrating spatial prediction and temporal probability analysis of landslides for the land use planning and landslide hazard management. 相似文献
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阳泉市矿区地质环境复杂,人类活动频繁,存在塌陷、滑坡等地质灾害隐患。本文在充分调查地质灾害的基础上,构建了矿区风险评价体系,运用信息量法和层次分析法,选取了交通、居民地、矿山等8项指标开展易发性区划;在易发性评价的基础上叠加降雨因子,实现了矿区地质灾害的危险性评价;采用人口、建筑、交通因素构建了承载体易损性模型;并结合危险性和易损性构建了矿区的地质灾害风险评价模型。研究结果表明,矿区中地质灾害高风险地带主要分布在存在矿山活动的赛鱼、蔡洼街道且靠近人口聚集的地方,其影响范围较大,应及时采取监测预报等措施。 相似文献
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深圳市地质灾害评价与预警系统研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
深圳市从1980年设立特区以来,目前已从一个边陲小镇发展成为一个拥有400万人口的现代化城市。然而,大规模的城市建设破坏了原本脆弱的地质环境,引发了众多的地质灾害。本文首先阐述了地质灾害评价与预警流程,包括数据预处理、建立模型库、危险性区划、划分预警片区、获取气象和水文临界判据、预警结果制图输出和发布6个步骤;然后给出了地质灾害评价指标体系,分析了地质灾害评价与预警模型;最后设计了深圳市地质灾害评价与预警系统的总体结构,描述了各个子系统的功能,说明了系统运行网络拓扑结构。 相似文献
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James M. Fitton Martin Lehmann David C. Major 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(9):1040-1054
ABSTRACT Coastal settlements face many hazards from climate change. Consequently, there has been extensive focus on developing and implementing adaptation. However, these efforts have prodominantly centred on larger cities. Coastal towns and small cities (urban areas between 1000 and 100,000 people) have received little attention, despite experiencing a number of barriers to adaptation. The absence of information on the global scale of the adaptation challenge within coastal towns and small cities may have contributed to these settlements being overlooked. This paper develops a method that can be used to estimate the numbers, sizes, and locations of coastal towns and small cities worldwide from global population data (Global Human Settlement data). Denmark is used as a pilot for this method with settlements over 1000 people classified with relatively high accuracy. The method developed here represents a potentially fruitful approach to supporting coastal adaptation, as coastal towns and small cities are identifiable globally, they can be classified into types. This will support an assessment of their risk to coastal hazards, and could facilitate knowledge and practice sharing between similar coastal towns and small cities. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(5):539-559
ABSTRACTIn traditional vulnerability assessments, a synthetic index method is usually used to select all types of social and economic indexes so that more aspects can be covered; however, the requisite social and economic data are not always available or are not highly relevant to the studied geographical space, which makes it difficult to conduct quantitative calculations. In this paper, a spatial value density assessment method was developed to improve the hazard of place model. First, a three-dimensional (3D) model of a coastal city was obtained using oblique airborne photogrammetry and image-based 3D reconstruction and then, architecture footprints were employed to extract the geometric information of each individual building. Additionally, a vulnerability assessment system was established to quantitatively account for the aggregate economic value of a selected set of urban surface features. Using geographic information system (GIS) techniques, the aggregate value of these urban features within each geographic unit can be accurately calculated to quantify the exposure and vulnerability of coastal cities to storm surge. A vulnerability assessment was conducted using Weihai city as an example. The study shows that vulnerability assessment accuracy was greatly improved by downscaling the assessment granularity from county-level administrative districts to a 1-km grid. 相似文献
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城市层面的火灾风险评估主要包括火灾危险性、危害性及救援能力等方面。本文选取火灾危险性评估进行针对性研究,在大数据思维的指导下,以相关关系代替因果关系,采用多源数据对评估指标权重、分值进行率定,得出福州市城区火灾危险性时空分布图。首先利用高德地图API对消防历史出警记录进行地址解析,将近万条火灾出警地址空间落点,获得福州市历史火灾空间分布;然后综合城市用地性质现状、用地开发性质、人口分布热力图等多源异构数据,探索其与历史火灾空间分布的相关性;最后以福州城区为例,初步实现具有充分数理支撑的火灾危险性评估方法,形成火灾危险性动态评估成果,为城市消防规划等提供支撑和依据。 相似文献
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Assessment of Coastal Erosion Vulnerability around Midnapur-Balasore Coast, Eastern India using Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Adarsa Jana Amit K. Bhattacharya 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2013,41(3):675-686
Digha coastal region in the northeastern part of the Bay of Bengal is potentially vulnerable to erosional hazard. The present study assessed the coastal erosion vulnerability along this 65 km long coastal stretch located between Rasulpur (Midnapur) and Subarnarekha (Balasore) estuarine complex, which had been subjected to anthropogenic intervention. Multi-resolution Landsat satellite imagery were used for shoreline change study from 1972 to 2010. During this period, accretion was recorded updrift of artificial structures, viz, seawall, groin, pylons and jetties; while, extensive erosion was recorded in downdrift areas of these structures. Assessment was subsequently divided into four categories ranging from “high erosion” to “accretion”. Data from several sources were compiled to map landuse and human activities in the coastal zone. This map was divided into four categories, ranging from “very high capital” to “no capital” landuse. Population density map of the surrounding coastal villages was generated using census data, and divided into four categories ranging from “high density area” to “very low density area”. Subsequently, coastal erosion vulnerability was assessed by combining coastal retreat with landuse type and population density in this study area using simple vector algebraic technique. Zones of vulnerability of different magnitude (viz., very high, high, moderate, and low) have been identified. Furthermore, calculation of “imminent collapse zone (ICZ)” shows that maximum values are around artificial structures and anthropogenic activities. The coastal erosion vulnerability map prepared from this study can be used for proper planning and management of this coastal region. 相似文献
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André Sabino Pedro Poseiro Armanda Rodrigues Maria Teresa Reis Conceição J. Fortes Rui Reis João Araújo 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2018,20(2):159-184
The run-up and overtopping by sea waves are two of the main processes that threaten coastal structures, leading to flooding, destruction of both property and the environment, and harm to people. To build early warning systems, the consequences and associated risks in the affected areas must be evaluated. It is also important to understand how these two types of spatial information integrate with sensor data sources and the risk assessment methodology. This paper describes the relationship between consequences and risk maps, their role in risk management and how the HIDRALERTA system integrates both aspects in its risk methodology. It describes a case study for Praia da Vitória Port, Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal, showing that the main innovations in this system are twofold: it represents the overtopping flow and consequent flooding, which are critical for coastal and port areas protected by maritime structures, and it works also as a risk assessment tool, extremely important for long-term planning and decision-making. Moreover, the implementation of the system considers possible known variability issues, enabling changes in its behaviour as needs arise. This system has the potential to become a useful tool for the management of coastal and port areas, due to its capacity to effectively issue warnings and assess risks. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(3):291-303
Abstract The southern part of the Caspian Sea shoreline in Iran with a length of 813 km has different topographic conditions. Owing to sea fluctuation, these zones have various dimensions in different times. During the last years, the Caspian Sea experienced enormous destructive rises. The historical information and tidal gauge measurements showed different ranges of sea rise from ?30 m to ?22 m from the mean sea level. On the other hand, the probable flooding zone is related to slope gradient of coasts. To help the determination of the probable flooding area owing to sea level rises, the coastal zones can be modelled using geographic information system (GIS) environment as vulnerability risk rates. These rates would be useful for making decisions in coastal management programs. This study examined different scenarios of sea rise to determine hazard-flooding rates in the coastal cities of the Mazandaran province and classified them based on vulnerability risk rates. The 1:2000 scale topographic maps of the coastal zones were prepared to extract topographic information and construct the coastal digital elevation model. With the presumption of half-metre sea rise scenarios, the digital elevation models classified eight scenarios from ?26 to ?22 m. The flooding areas in each scenario computed for 11 cities respectively. The vulnerability risk rate in each rise scenario was computed by dividing the flooded area of each scenario to city area. The results showed that in the first four scenarios, from ?26 to ?24 m, the Behshahr, Joibar, Neka and Babolsar cites would be more vulnerable than other cites. Moreover, for the second four scenarios from ?24 to ?22 m sea level rise scenario, only the coastal area of Chalous city would be vulnerable. It was also observed that the coastal region of Behshahr would be critical in total scenarios. Further studies would be necessary to complete this assessment by considering social-economic and land use information to estimate the exact hazardous and vulnerable zones. 相似文献
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将GIS技术引入洪涝灾害风险评估,可以弥补传统方法评估结果空间化显示不足的缺点。本文针对浙江省洪涝灾害的发生特点,从危险性和易损性两方面选择了浙江省洪涝灾害的影响因素,包括降雨量、地形、河网密度、人口密度和耕地百分比等因子。运用GIS空间分析技术对各因子进行空间化,结合层次分析法（AHP）确定各影响因素的权重,进行浙江省洪涝灾害风险评估和制图,并基于SuperMap iObjects平台设计与开发了浙江省洪涝灾害风险评估系统。研究结果表明：浙江省发生洪涝灾害的风险普遍偏高,高风险区域位于浙北和浙东南的沿海地带,较高风险区域位于浙东、浙南和浙北地区及金衢盆地中间地区,中等风险区位于浙南的西面、浙北及浙西地区。本文分析结果可为浙江省洪涝灾害预防和管理提供决策依据。 相似文献
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Accurate estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration in turbid coastal waters by means of remote sensing is challenging due to the optical complexity of these waters. We have developed a four-band quasi-analytical algorithm for assessment of chlorophyll-a concentration in coastal waters. The objectives of this study are to validate the applicability of three-band semi-analytical algorithm, quasi-analytical algorithm, and four-band quasi-analytical algorithm in estimating chlorophyll-a concentration in turbid coastal waters for MODIS sensor. These three algorithms are calibrated and evaluated against coastal evaluation datasets provided by SeaWiFS Bio-optical Archive and Storage System. The algorithm validation results indicate that the four-band quasi-analytical algorithm produces a superior performance to both three-band semi-analytical algorithm and quasi-analytical algorithm. By comparison, using four-band quasi-analytical algorithm produces 21.61 % uncertainty in estimating chlorophyll-a concentration from turbid coastal waters, lower than 77.90 % for three-band semi-analytical algorithm and 74.31 % for quasi-analytical algorithm, respectively. The significantly reduced uncertainty in chlorophyll-a concentration assessment is due to effectively removal of pigment-package effects and particle overlapping effects on the chlorophyll-a absorption estimation using a optical classification method. These findings imply that, provided that an atmospheric correction scheme for visible and near-infrared bands is available, the database of MODIS imagery could be used for quantitative monitoring of chlorophyll-a concentration in turbid coastal waters by four-band quasi-analytical algorithm. 相似文献
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本文首先采用基于多准则决策的层次分析评价法,根据自然灾害风险理论,将洪涝风险影响因子分为危险性和脆弱性两类,子准则层包括平均降雨量、汇流累积量、坡度、海拔和土地覆盖度、道路级别、地表产流能力7个因子,构建了道路洪涝灾害风险评价模型。然后以福建省武夷山地区为研究区,利用地形数据、气象数据及遥感影像提取土地覆盖类型数据,通过道路洪涝灾害风险评价模型,绘制了道路风险分区图。结果表明,中、高风险积水道路占比较高,主要集中在东部、西部和中南部地区。本文对道路洪涝灾害风险所进行的评价,可服务于洪涝灾害风险预警和应急救援规划。 相似文献
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Muhammad Al-Amin Hoque Stuart Phinn Chris Roelfsema Iraphne Childs 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(3):246-263
Tropical cyclones and their devastating impacts are of great concern to coastal communities globally. An appropriate approach integrating climate change scenarios at local scales is essential for producing detailed risk models to support cyclone mitigation measures. This study developed a simple cyclone risk-modelling approach under present and future climate change scenarios using geospatial techniques at local scales, and tested using a case study in Sarankhola Upazila from coastal Bangladesh. Linear storm-surge models were developed up to 100-year return periods. A local sea level rise scenario of 0.34?m for the year 2050 was integrated with surge models to assess the climate change impact. The resultant storm-surge models were used in the risk-modelling procedures. The developed risk models successfully identified the spatial extent and levels of risk that match with actual extent and levels within an acceptable limit of deviation. The result showed that cyclone risk areas increased with the increase of return period. The study also revealed that climate change scenario intensified the cyclone risk area by 5–10% in every return period. The findings indicate this approach has the potential to model cyclone risk in other similar coastal environments for developing mitigation plans and strategies. 相似文献
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3S支持下的滑坡地质灾害监测、评估与建模 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
在综合论述滑坡灾害系统、成因及过程的基础上,探讨了遥感、地理信息技术、全球定位技术为代表的对地观测技术和空间信息技术在滑坡信息提取、监测与建模中的应用,并以万县地区为例介绍了基于3S技术的滑坡风险评价与分析. 相似文献
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Anjali Bahuguna Shailesh Nayak Dam Roy 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2008,10(2):229-1
Tsunami waves struck the Indian coast on 26th December 2004 affecting the Andaman and Nicobar group of islands. A quick assessment of the status of the vital coastal ecosystems has been made using pre- and post-tsunami Advance Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) data of Indian satellite RESOURCESAT with an accuracy of 87–90% and the Kappa ranging from 0.8696 to 0.9053. Among the coastal ecosystems the coral reefs have suffered the maximum with the Nicobar reefs (69% eroded and 29% degraded) bearing the brunt more than the Andaman reefs (54% eroded and 22% degraded). Significant improvement to the condition of the reef damaged due to backwash has been noted. About 41% of the Sentinel reef area has undergone significant improvement. The continuance of the erosion of the southwestern Andaman reefs is due to the impact of recurring earthquakes. The impact on mangroves of both the groups of islands has been due to uprooting as well as inundation of seawater and resulting stagnation. Changes are expected in community structure of mangroves as a result of tsunami. 相似文献