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北京十三陵和天津蓟县两剖面中距今十四亿年海相碳酸盐岩的碳同位素表明,十三陵—蓟县地区当时具有较低的δ13C 值(共分析了152个样品),平均占δ13C=-0.7‰(PDB)。这种较低的δ13C 值很可能具有全球性。原始的海相碳酸盐岩较低的碳同位素组或反映较低的有机碳埋藏速率。有机碳的埋藏速率与当时全球生物量的大小有着密切的关系。磷酸盐岩较低的δ13C 值进一步反映当时较小的全球生物量的存在。每年8.11×108吨有机碳推测是距今十四亿年全球生物量的最小值。 相似文献
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叶德胜 《沉积与特提斯地质》1992,12(2):51-56
稳定氧、碳同位素在碳酸盐岩研究中的应用日趋广泛和深入。在碳酸盐的沉积环境、成岩环境及成岩历史等方面的研究中,氧碳同位素起了重要作用。但是,海相碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素组分(特别是氧同位素)有随地质时代变化的趋势(即所谓的年代效应),时代越老,δ~(18)O值越低(Keith和veuer,1964;Veizer和Hoefs,1976)(图1)。这种趋势在中新生代不明显,在前寒武系及古生代十分明显。这种效应影响稳定同位素对碳酸盐岩沉积、成岩作用的解释,特别是古生代碳酸盐岩。因此有必要搞清引起这种年代效应的原 相似文献
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为探讨灰家堡金矿田矿化剂和成矿物质来源,系统开展了热液方解石的稀土元素和C-O-Sr同位素研究。结果表明,热液方解石的稀土元素具有"上凸型"配分模式,低的(La/Sm)N值(0.003~0.580),较高的(Gd/Yb)N值(1.21~15.73),Eu正异常,显示成矿流体的壳源特征;产于龙潭组(P3l)的矿体中的方解石δ13CPDB为-9.3‰~1.7‰(均值为-3.93‰);产于构造蚀变体(SBT)的矿体中的方解石δ13CPDB为-7.8‰~3.3‰(均值为1.04‰),C-O同位素组成介于地幔碳酸岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间,在δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW图解上呈近水平分布,与矿体全岩及围岩碳同位素组成相似,表明成矿流体的C可能具有多来源特征。成矿流体与围岩之间的水-岩反应并未改变矿石的碳、氧同位素组成,流体-岩石相互作用不是导致热液方解石沉淀的主要机制,而更可能与CO2的脱气作用有关;方解石的87Sr/86Sr值接近碳酸盐岩围岩、明显高于幔源物质的平均值,表明成矿热液中的Sr可能主要来自碳酸盐岩围岩。 相似文献
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河东煤田晚古生代层序地层的碳氧同位素特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
系统分析了河东煤田上石炭统(C2)-下二叠统下部(P11)45个碳酸盐岩样品的碳氧同位素在层序中的分布特征,探讨了碳氧同位素应用于层序划分及对比、相对海平面变化研究及晚古生代地层沉积相研究的可能性。研究表明,碳氧同位素在C2及P11的三级层序中的分布特征是不相同的,从TST到HST,在C2的三级层序中,δ13C及δ18O不断变重;在P11的三级层序中,δ13C不断变轻,而δ18O不断变重。这种规律在P11每个三级层序中均相似,垂向上显示出韵律性。横向上,δ13C及Z值总体具有由北向南升高的趋势。碳氧同位素在层序中的分布是受聚煤作用、陆源物质的注入、古气候、沉积环境及时间等控制的。 相似文献
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渤海湾地区寒武系标准剖面（山东张夏剖面）海相碳酸盐岩氧同位素δ^180值分布区间为-10.6‰～-4.8‰，碳同位素的δ^13C值为-5.8‰～ 1.6‰；奥陶系标准剖面（河北唐山剖面）海相碳酸盐的δ^180值分布区间为-15.9‰～-6.0‰,δ^13值为-7.6‰～ 1.2‰。中国华北地区奥陶系未出现（或未保存有）中国塔里木区与华南地区、北美大陆及瑞士等中-上奥陶统海相碳酸盐中碳同位素组成正向偏移现象。这表明，中国华北地区奥陶系应缺失兰代洛阶以上地层。碳同位素组成在华北地区奥陶系各组生物石带更叠之间均有异常波动，稳定同位素地层曲线可以成为大区域地层划分与对比的重要标志之一。据华北地区、塔里木区与华南地区的对比研究，海相碳酸盐岩中碳同位素组成明显地正向波动，可成为地质时期烃源岩形成期的宏观地球化学指标。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯古生代海相地层沉积厚度巨大。鄂尔多斯奥陶系碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素组成受后期成岩作用影响较小,基本保留了原始海洋的同位素组成： δ13C值分布于-7.30‰～2.26‰之间,均值-0.30‰;δ18O值分布于-13.14‰～-1.94‰之间,均值-6.38‰,碳氧同位素组成与全球基本一致。区域上,鄂尔多斯西缘具有相对较高的δ13C值,南缘次之,而东缘最低。纵向上,碳同位素组成逐渐增重,并在中晚奥陶世发生明显的正向偏移,δ13C均值由马家沟组的-0.36‰增加到平凉组的0.15‰,至背锅山组增加至0.68‰。碳同位素的区域分布差异表明鄂尔多斯西缘水体相对较深,南缘次之,东缘相对较浅,由早奥陶世至晚奥陶世水体逐渐加深,碳同位素组成反映的海平面变化趋势与沉积相演化一致。鄂尔多斯西南缘中晚奥陶世碳同位素组成的正向偏移,标志着较高的生产力和有机碳埋藏率,具有重要的石油地质学意义,西南缘的平凉组/乌拉力克组和背锅山组是下古生界最重要和有效的烃源岩层。 相似文献
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研究了黔北石门坎下志留统石牛栏组剖面的海相碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素组成特征,分析测试,结果显示:δ13 CVPDB值介于1.67‰～4.35‰之间,平均值为3.67‰;δ18 OVPDB值介于-11.16‰～-8.69‰之间,平均值为-10.09‰。研究表明,样品经历了一定成岩蚀变作用,δ18 O受到较大的淡水影响或后期受到淡水淋滤作用,已经被完全改造,而δ13 C基本保存了海水的原始同位素信息,能够反映碳酸盐岩的沉积环境;Z值变化表示形成于盐度较高的海相沉积环境,同时能反映碳、氧同位素组成;石门坎下志留统石牛栏组属于陆棚沉积体系,总体由若干个次级旋回组成,相对海平面变化反映为升—降—升的特征,δ13 C值与海平面变化存在正相关关系,同时碳同位素记录的海平面变化具全球性;生物群经历了由初级生产率变化而产生的繁殖与衰落的交替循环直至绝灭的演化过程。 相似文献
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贵州紫云剖面P/T界面附近碳氧同位素的变化及生物绝灭事件 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
:贵州南部紫云剖面由上二叠统长兴组的碳酸盐台地边缘沉积体系、下三叠统罗楼组的碳酸盐浅海陆棚沉积体系、以及下三叠统紫云组的半深海深海沉积体系组成。在前两种沉积体系中选取 18块样品进行碳、氧同位素测试。测试的结果表明 :上二叠统长兴组δ13 C平均值为 2 4 8‰ ,保持了较高的正值 ,δ18O平均值为 - 4 19‰ ;在P/T界面附近 ,δ13 C ,δ18O值都有显著的降低 ,δ13 C值由 2 71‰陡降至 - 0 90‰ ,变化幅度达 3 6 1‰ ,δ18O值由 - 5 0 3‰降为- 9 4 6‰ ,变化幅度可达 4 4 3‰ ;下三叠统罗楼组下部 ,δ13 C值为负值及低正值 ,出现明显的δ13 C值低异常 ,而δ18O值则比较稳定 ,介于 - 4 6 6‰和 - 5 6 2‰之间 ,平均值为 - 5 2 8‰。罗楼组上部 ,δ13 C值有回升的趋势。由于生物对轻碳具有重要的分馏作用 ,因此 ,P/T界面附近δ13 C值的显著变化反映了一次生物大量绝灭的过程。由δ18O值的变化反映出的生物绝灭的外因主要有温度和盐度两方面。从δ18O值可计算出在P/T界面处古温度有 4～ 5℃的升降 ,这势必影响到狭温生物的生存 ;从δ18O值计算出的Z值来看 ,古盐度也有小幅度的变化 ,加速了狭盐度生物的绝灭。事实上 ,生物的绝灭可能是海平面变化、火山事件、温度变化及盐度变化多种因素的综合 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):892-909
The Cretaceous-Paleocene (K-T) transition has been recorded in sedimentary carbonate rocks in northwestern Argentina and southern Chile. In the Yacoraite Basin, Argentina, this transition has been preserved in a 2 m thick marly layer, at the base of the Tunal Formation, which overlies lacustrine/marine carbonates of the Yacoraite Formation (Cabra Corral dam). The K-T transition is also preserved at Maimara, where Tertiary sandstones overlie a 50 m thick limestone bed of the Yacoraite Formation. In the Magellan Basin, Chile, glauconitic sandstones with calcitic cement and limestone concretions of the Maastrichtian Punta Rocallosa Formation are overlain by sandstones, claystones, and limestones of the Chorillo Chico Formation. The K-T transition is preserved in the lower portion of the Chorillo Chico Formation. Carbonates of the Yacoraite Formation display bulk-rock δ13C values from +1 to +2‰ PDB, with a negative incursion (?4‰ PDB) at the K-T transition. δ13C values in the Tunal Formation marls vary from ?3 to ?1‰ PDB. At Rocallosa Point, δ13C values in limestone strata, calcite cement, and limestone concretions vary from ?4 to ?33 ‰ PDB, and the lowest value in the Chorillo Chico Formation apparently marks the K-T transition. The δ18O fluctuations in the Yacoraite and Magellan carbonate rocks suggest a temperature drop at the K-T transition, followed by a temperature rise. High 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7140-0.7156) characterize the studied profiles of the Yacoraite Formation, documenting an important 87Sr-enriched source of Sr to the water from which these carbonates precipitated. At the Magellan basin, 87Sr/86Sr ratios are closer to the expected values for the global Late Cretaceous-Paleocene ocean. 相似文献
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V. I. Vinogradov G. A. Belenitskaya B. G. Pokrovsky M. I. Bujakaite 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2011,46(1):71-84
Isotopic compositions of carbon and oxygen in carbonates and sulfur in sulfates of the Verkhnyaya Lena Formation (ε2–ε3), which terminates the Cambrian section of the Irkutsk Amphitheater of the Siberian Craton, are studied. Sulfates of the Verkhnyaya Lena Formation are marked by unusually low δ34S values (4.6–12.0‰) relative to sulfates of the underlying Angara Formation. This is likely caused by variations in the facies-paleogeographic sedimentation at the transition of the Angara and Verkhnyaya Lena formations, as well as associated variations in the water and salt alimentation budget in sedimentation basins, due to their isolation from open sea and intensification of the continental and underground discharge. The δ18O(PDB) value in carbonates decreases from ?4.4‰ at bottom to ?10.4‰ at top, reflecting variation in postsedimentary transformations and probable continuous freshening of sedimentation basin. Isotopic composition of carbon in most samples shows normal marine δ13C values (0 ± 1‰). Only in some samples, does the δ13C value increase up to ?3.8 and 2.2‰ due to specific features of postsedimentary processes. The Rb-Sr systems of the clayey component of marls from the 500-m-thick section of the Angara Formation and bottom of the Verkhnyaya Lena Formation record an age of 512 ± 10 Ma, which is close to the assumed stratigraphic age of the Verkhnyaya Lena Formation. The 87Sr/86Sr initial ratio is 0.7082 ± 0.0004. 相似文献
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In order to examine the causal relationships between the carbon cycle in a shallow euphotic zone and the environmental changes in a relatively deep disphotic zone at the end-Guadalupian (Middle Permian), isotopic compositions of carbonate carbon (δ13Ccarb) of the Guadalupian–Lopingian (Upper Permian) rocks were analyzed in the Chaotian section in northern Sichuan, South China. By analyzing exceptionally fresh drill core samples, a continuous chemostratigraphic record was newly obtained. The ca. 65 m-thick analyzed carbonate rocks at Chaotian comprise three stratigraphic units, i.e., the Limestone Unit of the Guadalupian Maokou Formation, the Mudstone Unit of the Maokou Formation, and the lower part of the Wuchiapingian (Lower Lopingian) Wujiaping Formation, in ascending order. The Limestone Unit of the Maokou Formation is characterized by almost constant δ13Ccarb values of ca. +4‰ followed by an abrupt drop for 7‰ to −3‰ in the topmost part of the unit. In the Mudstone Unit of the Maokou Formation, the δ13Ccarb values are rather constant around +2‰, although distinct three isotopic negative excursions for 3‰ from ca. +2 to −1‰ occurred in the upper part of the unit. In the lower part of the Wujiaping Formation, the δ13Ccarb values monotonously increase for 5‰ from ca. 0 to +5‰. The present data newly demonstrated four isotopic negative excursions in the topmost part of the Maokou Formation in the Capitanian (Late Guadalupian) at Chaotian. It is noteworthy that these negative excursions are in accordance with the emergence of an oxygen-depleted condition on the relatively deep disphotic slope/basin on the basis of litho- and bio-facies characteristics. They suggest multiple upwelling of oxygen-depleted waters with dissolved inorganic carbon of relatively low carbon isotope values along the continental margin, from the deeper disphotic slope/basin to the shallower euphotic shelf, slightly before the end-Guadalupian extinction. Although the negative excursions at Chaotian are apparently correlated with the previously proposed large negative excursion in the middle Capitanian in South China, the age difference according to the biostratigraphic constraints clearly exclude this interpretation. The isotopic negative excursions at Chaotian are unique and no similar isotopic signal in the same period has been reported elsewhere. The multiple upwelling of oxygen-depleted waters onto the euphotic shelf may have represented local phenomena that occurred solely around northwestern South China. 相似文献
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Based on the study of lithology, sedimentology and paleontology at the Permian-Triassic boundary in Liaotian, Northwestern Jiangxi Province, the sequence stratigraphy and depositional environments across the boundary are reconstructed. The top part of the Upper Permian Changxing Formation is composed of very thick-bedded ligh-colored dolomitic limestone formed in high deposition rate on carbonate ramp,which indacates a transgression systems tract (TST). The Lower Triassic Qinglong Formation shows continuous deposition with the underlying Upper Permian. The lower member of Qinglong Formation consists of calcareous shale, shelly limestome and dolomitic limestone with abundant bivalves (Claraia sp.) and trace fossills (Chondrites). The calcareous shale at the bottom of Lower Triassic indicates a calm deep water environment to form the condensed section (CS). The shelly limestome and dolomitic limeston with shell fossils, intraclast, algal ooide show clean but turbulent environment of carbonate ramp, which produce the deposition of highstand systems tract (TST). 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(15):1909-1921
This paper reports the carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of lacustrine carbonate sediments from the Palaeogene Shahejie Formation, Qikou depression, Bohaiwan Basin, with the aim of determining the palaeoenvironmental conditions in the region. Results from Es2, the second member of the Shahejie Formation, showed values of δ13C and δ18O from –1.2‰ to +2.4‰ (average +0.6‰) and from –6.8‰ to –4.7‰ (average –5.7‰), respectively, suggesting a relatively hot climate attending deposition. The slightly closed nature of the lake, which contains brackish water, resulted in higher carbonate δ13C and δ18O values than in a meteoric environment. The values of δ13C and δ18O preserved within the carbonates of the overlying lower Shahejie I (Es1) varied between +1.3‰ and +4.9‰ (average +3.2‰) and from ?4.4‰ to ?1.8‰ (average ?3.1‰), respectively, indicating that the climate became colder at that time. Subsequently, a marine transgression caused the salinity of the lake water to increase. The values of δ13C and δ18O were controlled by salinity. The high δ13C values were also influenced by the rapid burial of the lake organisms and by algal photosynthesis. Values of δ13C and δ18O from carbonates in upper Es1 ranged from ?8.0‰ to +11.0‰ (average +10.1‰) and from ?5.0‰ to ?1.5‰ (average ?3.4‰), respectively, indicating a slight increase in the temperature over time. In the closed and reducing environment, extremes in δ13C values resulted from biochemical fermentation. The positive δ13C excursion recorded in the carbonates of the Shahejie Formation in the Qikou depression indicates that the palaeoclimate underwent a significant transformation during the Eocene and the Oligocene. 相似文献
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新疆博格达山西南麓石炭—二叠纪碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素与古环境研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
<正> 新疆乌鲁木齐西南自柳树沟—祁家沟—塔什库拉沟—井井子沟—郭家沟出露厚达80000m的石炭—二叠纪沉积,早二叠世以前大都为海相,其后为陆相,很多学者进行详细的工作,在沉积方面存在以下争议。一种是中石炭世—早二叠世该地区为一套海退相序的沉积,即由浅海—潮坪相或海陆过渡相—三角洲相。另一种是中石炭世至石炭纪末 相似文献
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Zhong Hua Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijingand Ma Yongsheng Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration Development Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》1995,69(4):436-446
The authors have detailedly and systematically studied the carbon isotopic composition of Early Proterozoic carbonate rocks. Samples which are all dolomicrite were taken from the Jianancun, Daguandong and Huaiyincun Formations of the Hutuo Group in Wutai County Shanxi Province, North China. A total of 209 samples were analysed for their carbon isotope compositions, and the mean sampling interval was 6.9 m. Carbon isotope analysis clearly shows δ13C shifts at the boundary between the Jian'ancun Formation and Daguandong Formation and near the boundary between the Daguandong Formation and Huaiyincun Formation. Like carbon isotope shifts at the Cretaceous-Tertiary, Permian-Triassic and Precambrian-Cambrian boundaries, the discovery of δ13C shifts in the Early Proterozoic has important significance in further studies on Early Proterozoic biotic evolution, regional and global stratigraphic correlation, and carbon geochemical cycles. 相似文献
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Haoran Ma Yihe Xu Kangjun Huang Yuanlin Sun Shan Ke Yang Peng Xianguo Lang Zhen Yan Bing Shen 《中国地球化学学报》2018,37(1):1-18
Carbonate precipitation and hydrothermal reaction are the two major processes that remove Mg from seawater. Mg isotopes are significantly (up to 5‰) fractionated during carbonate precipitation by preferential incorporation of 24Mg, while hydrothermal reactions are associated with negligible Mg isotope fractionation by preferential sequestration of 26Mg. Thus, the marine Mg cycle could be reflected by seawater Mg isotopic composition (δ26Mgsw), which might be recorded in marine carbonate. However, carbonates are both texturally and compositionally heterogeneous, and it is unclear which carbonate component is the most reliable for reconstructing δ26Mgsw. In this study, we measured Mg isotopic compositions of limestone samples collected from the early Carboniferous Huangjin Formation in South China. Based on petrographic studies, four carbonate components were recognized: micrite, marine cement, brachiopod shell, and mixture. The four components had distinct δ26Mg: (1) micrite samples ranged from ?2.86‰ to ?2.97‰; (2) pure marine cements varied from ?3.40‰ to ?3.54‰, while impure cement samples containing small amount of Rugosa coral skeletons showed a wider range (?3.27‰ to ?3.75‰); (3) values for the mixture component were ?3.17‰ and ?3.49‰; and (4) brachiopod shells ranged from ?2.20‰ to ?3.07‰, with the thickened hinge area enriched in 24Mg. Due to having multiple carbonate sources, neither the micrite nor the mixture component could be used to reconstruct δ26Mgsw. In addition, the marine cement was homogenous in Mg isotopes, but lacking the fractionation by inorganic carbonate precipitation that is prerequisite for the accurate determination of δ26Mgsw. Furthermore, brachiopod shells had heterogeneous C and Mg isotopes, suggesting a significant vital effect during growth. Overall, the heterogeneous δ26Mg of the Huangjin limestone makes it difficult to reconstruct δ26Mgsw using bulk carbonate/calcareous sediments. Finally, δ26Mgsw was only slightly affected by the faunal composition of carbonate-secreting organisms, even though biogenic carbonate accounts for more than 90% of marine carbonate production in Phanerozoic oceans and there is a wide range (0.2‰–4.8‰) of fractionation during biogenic carbonate formation. 相似文献