共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 455 毫秒
1.
苏联是世界上多地震国家之一,地震预报工作开展较早,近20年来取得一些进展,其中某些方面处于领先地位。笔者通过一年来在苏联进修所了解的情况,在本文中综述了苏联地震预报历史发展简况、苏联地震预报研究体制概况、苏联地震预报研究的进展和国际合作、苏联地震预报的管理体制及主要经验。认为苏联地震预报的基础理论研究扎实、方向明确、前景宽广;中苏两国应加强交流,为早日实现地震预报携手并进。 相似文献
2.
本文结合前不久在土耳其召开的第25届 IASPEI 大会的有关情况,在概述地震预报研究现状的基础上,简要分析并提出了为把地震预报研究引向深入,当前国际上值得注意的研究动向,主要有:1.注意加强现场的地震综合观测研究;2.重视震源过程和多种前兆统一物理机制的研究;3.系统科学在地震研究中的应用日益广泛;4.强调地震预报研究的国际合作。 相似文献
3.
基于防灾减灾救灾体制机制改革顶层设计框架,借鉴了国内外专家学者关于地震预报研究的思路和方法,探讨了地震预报向地震风险预测转变的可行性,提出了地震风险预测方法及实施途径。 相似文献
4.
1988年11月14—18日在葡萄牙里斯本召开了地震预报国际研讨会。出席这次研讨会的有来自近30个国家的100余名地震学者,联合国有关机构的代表也参加了这次会议。会上共宣读80余篇论文,内容涉及地震预报、强地面运动预测、观测方法与数据处理,以及有关地震预报的研究、发展规划和相应的政策等。在学术交流和讨论的基础上,会议还就加强地震研究的国际合作,成立国际地震预测研究的协调机构,建立国际性地震预报实验场以及全球地震资料快速传递系统等提出了有关决议和建议。 相似文献
5.
前 言自从日本文部省测地学审议会１９７５年提出“部分修改第３次地震预报计划”的建议以来,地下水、地球化学方法正式纳入地震预报计划已历时２０多年。这也是对地震的认识一成不变地开展地下水、地球化学观测的日本的历史。在地震预报研究中,虽然曾检测出许多地震前的异常现象,但并没有明显增加对其机制的认识。本文基于这种现状,提出地震（预报）研究中开展地下水、地球化学观测的目标。地下水和地球化学观测,研究中的最大弱点是在理论方面。由于缺乏联系地震发生机制与地下水、地球化学异常的理论,所以怎么也跳不出现象论的框框… 相似文献
6.
本文综述近年来国际地震界在基于地震活动性的地震预报研究中所取得的新进。主要有两部分：一是基于地震活动性的地震预报指标，包括前震，平静与空区，地震时空分布特性及其有关参数，地震迁移，相关与“窗口”；二是基于地震活动性的地震预报方法，包括概率统计方法。非线性科学方法，高维数据的图形分析方法，模糊数学与灰色系统理论方法等。 相似文献
7.
8.
声发射技术在岩石力学研究中的应用 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
随着地震预报研究的开展,岩石力学与地震预报的联系越来越紧密。声发射技术是岩石力学研究中十分重要的工具之一。本文对声发射技术作了简单的介绍,评述了它在岩石力学研究中的应用,介绍了用声发射技术研究地震序列和破裂机制的一些结果。 相似文献
9.
采用模似自然界生物进化过程的遗传算法的分类体系，并以首都圈地区为例，利用地震活动性资料的8种时空参数在地震预报中进行了应用探索．通过对1967-1992年间信息的学习演化，获得了20条拥有不同适应度的具有层次结构的地震预报规则集．对首都圈地区中等地震活动的预报规则进行了初步的分析讨论，发现了人们以往难于考虑周全的可能具有重要预报意义的异常组配.应用探索表明：在地震预报研究中应用具有自适应和潜在学习能力的基于遗传算法的分类体系，将可能推动人们对地震前兆及其物理机制的研究和探讨． 相似文献
10.
本文立足于我国地震预报的实践及当前地震预报的科学水平,提出了推进我国地震预报进步的几点建议：①继续坚持并强化现行地震预报管理体制,不断改进经验性和统计预报的方法,努力作好震情监测预报工作,为防震减灾再做出一些有减灾实效的预报。②制订中国地震监测预报中长期科学发展规划,努力提高我国地震预报研究的科学水平。③探索地震动力(物理)预报的途径。④培养一流的地震预报科技人才,开展地震预报的国际合作研究。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
18.
Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献