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1.
随着地震勘探目标复杂化和精细化程度的提高以及"两宽一高"等采集技术的广泛应用,当前地震数据采集的时间越来越长、成本越来越高.针对此问题,本文基于压缩感知理论开展了地震数据高效采集方法的改进和探索研究.根据波动方程解的一般表示式,从波场传播的角度给出了地震数据具有稀疏性的数学物理依据及寻找适应地震数据稀疏变换的一般方案;在稀疏性先验信息的指导下,发展了具有"蓝色噪声"频谱特征的改进的分段采样方法,并基于最优化理论提出了地震数据重建方法.地震数据的稀疏性理论、稀疏约束下的高效采集方法以及地震数据的重建方法构成了相对完善的地震数据高效采集理论.把该理论用于指导地震数据采集,即利用稀疏约束的随机采样方法改变常规规则密集测网中炮点和检波点(或二者之一)的分布,设计了三种随机且均匀的高效采集测网,提出了利用相应测网获取的地震数据重建为常规规则密集测网地震数据的针对性方案,并使用重建精度、高效采集数据的直接成像和重建后再成像的结果对比证明了上述重建方案的有效性.基于Marmousi模型的高效采集试验检验了本文构建的基于稀疏约束的地震数据高效采集方法理论框架在提高当前地震数据采集效率、降低勘探成本上的优势以及方法的有效性和可行性. 相似文献
2.
In recent years, a variety of Marchenko methods for the attenuation of internal multiples has been developed. These methods have been extensively tested on two-dimensional synthetic data and applied to two-dimensional field data, but only little is known about their behaviour on three-dimensional synthetic data and three-dimensional field data. Particularly, it is not known whether Marchenko methods are sufficiently robust for sparse acquisition geometries that are found in practice. Therefore, we start by performing a series of synthetic tests to identify the key acquisition parameters and limitations that affect the result of three-dimensional Marchenko internal multiple prediction and subtraction using an adaptive double-focusing method. Based on these tests, we define an interpolation strategy and use it for the field data application. Starting from a wide azimuth dense grid of sources and receivers, a series of decimation tests are performed until a narrow azimuth streamer geometry remains. We evaluate the effect of the removal of sail lines, near offsets, far offsets and outer cables on the result of the adaptive double-focusing method. These tests show that our method is most sensitive to the limited aperture in the crossline direction and the sail line spacing when applying it to synthetic narrow azimuth streamer data. The sail line spacing can be interpolated, but the aperture in the crossline direction is a limitation of the acquisition. Next, we apply the adaptive Marchenko double-focusing method to the narrow azimuth streamer field data from the Santos Basin, Brazil. Internal multiples are predicted and adaptively subtracted, thereby improving the geological interpretation of the target area. These results imply that our adaptive double-focusing method is sufficiently robust for the application to three-dimensional field data, although the key acquisition parameters and limitations will naturally differ in other geological settings and for other types of acquisition. 相似文献
3.
Remarkable progress has been made in electromagnetic (EM) techniques as applied to the petroleum industry in instruments,
data acquisition, and processing and interpretation in China. Included here is equipment, such as high-power Controlled Source
EM (CSEM) acquisition systems, acquisition methods, such as the three dimensional small-bin Continuous Electromagnetic Array
acquisition method, Time and Frequency Domain Controlled Source Electromagnetic, Borehole-to-surface Electromagnetic technique
and marine magnetotelluric method. Data processing methods, such as fast three dimensional inversion using nonlinear conjugate
gradients, and data interpretation methods, like Induced Polarization and Resistivity anomalies for hydrocarbon detection,
are also included. These new techniques have been applied in petroleum survey and many cases are in complicated areas. They
have successfully served the investigation of deep igneous rock reservoirs, and prediction of potential hydrocarbon targets.
The cases indicate that electromagnetic techniques can help seismic survey to effectively detect hydrocarbon reservoir and
remarkably improve drilling successes. 相似文献
4.
Seismic imaging quality is critical to describing reservoirs. There are many methods that can improve imaging quality; some rely on advanced processing means, whereas others rely on changing the field acquisition methods. However, most of the acquisition methods focus on improving imaging by using infill shots without considering the target-layer illumination energy. Moreover, total infill shooting greatly increases the acquisition cost. In this paper, we present a new method for maximizing the contribution to the target shadow area illumination by automatic local infill shooting. Thus, we designed 2D and 3D models and obtained the depth migration section by forward modeling, infill shots, depth migration, etc. The model results also show that by choosing the most appropriate number of shot points, we can enhance the shadow area energy and improve the target-layer imaging quality at low cost. 相似文献
5.
地震勘探目标日趋复杂化和精细化,"两宽一高"等采集技术获得了广泛应用,从而导致当前地震数据采集周期越来越长、成本越来越高,如何解决日益增长的勘探成本问题成为当前地震采集领域的研究热点之一.针对上述问题,本文首先开展了基于稀疏性的地震数据高效采集方法理论研究,对地震数据稀疏性基本理论、稀疏约束下随机采样及其数据重建方法进行了深入探讨,提出使用改进的分段随机采样方法灵活地进行实际地震采集测网设计;详细阐述了多源地震激发方法,对多源地震数据分离方法开展了深入研究,提出了基于小窗口中值滤波与稀疏约束联合随机去噪的多源数据分离方法,并在数据分离处理中取得了较好的效果;将上述两种地震数据采集方案有机结合,提出了1)规则多源、随机检波点(DmsRg)、2)随机多源、规则检波点(RmsDg)和3)随机多源、随机检波点(RmsRg)等三种高效采集方案及相应的数据重建方案,满足了后续常规化数据处理的要求,并讨论了多源激发对数据成像的影响.基于Marmousi模型数据的数值试验表明,本文构建的基于稀疏约束和多源激发的高效采集方法理论对于提高地震数据采集效率、降低勘探成本具有重要的应用价值,建立的数据重建方法流程可以取得和常规数据接近的成像结果.本文方法虽然在数值试验中取得了较为理想的效果,但还需要得到野外实际数据采集的进一步检验. 相似文献
6.
随着高密度以及深层地震勘探的发展和普及,采集数据量随之急剧增加,常规采集方法已经不能有效地适应这些大数据量的勘探项目需求,高效地震采集方法成为必然.近几年来,混叠采集是较新发展的一种高效采集方法.本文在调研目前常用的混合源和同时源方法的基础上,总结提出了混叠采集的新概念.根据概念建立起理论正演模型进行模拟,模拟混叠采集方法与常规采集方法的区别、不同参数对混叠效果的影响等,得出相关的结论.在华北东部廊固凹陷进行了验证性试验.廊固凹陷地处华北平原,交通发达,村庄密集,存在较大的空炮率和超强的环境噪声,对资料品质有较大的影响,野外试验与模拟试验结果大致相同,也有一定的差异.与以往规则型的混叠方式不同,本研究在试验中创新性引入了任意随机与不同激发信号的混叠方式方法,取得了一些新的认识.研究结果表明:混叠采集方法能显著地提高生产效率;混叠带来的噪声可以通过不同域来去除;混叠采集需要一定的合适的空间间隔;混叠采集数据品质略差于常规方法,但可以通过提高采集密度和生产效率来弥补;混叠参数选取要考虑平衡施工效率、噪声水平和资料品质. 相似文献
7.
浅层地震资料解释陷阱(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高分辨率浅层地震方法是在近地表调查中使用最为广泛的方法。然而,在许多情况下,地震资料的解释经常会出现错误。在本文中,我们介绍了三个例子,分析了造成P波,SH波,多道的面波(MASW)地震资料解释的错误原因,大都是由于在表面或地下条件约束不确当引起的。第一个例子是P波反射剖面上的一个波的特征被解释为浅层断裂带,但后来证实它是由高水平的背景噪音引起的,因为采集测线通过了一个公路交叉口。第二个例子是SH波反射地震剖面上一个波特征被解释为是逆倾向滑断层,但有针对性的钻探表明,它是一个侵入到基岩面的一个深层局部侵蚀。最后,第三个例子,MASW调查剖面上,一个陡倾特征一开始被解释为基岩谷。然而,后来的钻探表明这是一个非常软的湖泊沉积物,后者严重损坏了应用面波频段。虽然最初的解释是不正确的,但这刺激地球物理学家和地质学家之间的讨论,并强调地球物理数据采集的时候,采集之前以及采集之后需要科学家之间有意义的合作与讨论。 相似文献
8.
Multi-source seismic technology is an efficient seismic acquisition method that requires a group of blended seismic data to be separated into single-source seismic data for subsequent processing. The separation of blended seismic data is a linear inverse problem. According to the relationship between the shooting number and the simultaneous source number of the acquisition system, this separation of blended seismic data is divided into an easily determined or overdetermined linear inverse problem and an underdetermined linear inverse problem that is difficult to solve. For the latter, this paper presents an optimization method that imposes the sparsity constraint on wavefields to construct the object function of inversion, and the problem is solved by using the iterative thresholding method. For the most extremely underdetermined separation problem with single-shooting and multiple sources, this paper presents a method of pseudo-deblending with random noise filtering. In this method, approximate common shot gathers are received through the pseudo-deblending process, and the random noises that appear when the approximate common shot gathers are sorted into common receiver gathers are eliminated through filtering methods. The separation methods proposed in this paper are applied to three types of numerical simulation data, including pure data without noise, data with random noise, and data with linear regular noise to obtain satisfactory results. The noise suppression effects of these methods are sufficient, particularly with single-shooting blended seismic data, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed methods. 相似文献
9.
海洋天然气水合物资源调查中,电磁法已成为地震勘探最有效的补充手段之一,而我国海洋水合物电磁探测中的拖曳式电场接收机此前是空白.本文从方法原理、仪器设备和海洋试验等方面,对海洋拖曳式水平电偶极-偶极方法进行研讨.建立三维电阻率模型,进行数值模拟,讨论收发距、发射频率、拖曳装置离海底高度等参数与电场异常响应的关系,针对特定模型给出了最佳观测参数以指导仪器硬件设计与海洋测试.在此基础上,采用高级嵌入式计算机的智能化控制、前端低噪声斩波放大、高精度同步采集等技术,研制了由拖体、承压舱、采集电路、低噪声电场传感器等组成的海洋拖曳式水平轴向电场接收机,其系统噪声达到2 nV/√HZ
@(1~100Hz).将自主研制的电场接收机用于国内首次拖曳式电偶极-偶极方法的海洋试验与评估,并对海试资料进行了处理与分析.研究结果表明,所研发的仪器达到了设计指标,能够用于海洋天然气水合物调查. 相似文献
10.
Gabrielle B. Gravengaard 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1986,6(2):126-128
Performing long-term pump tests, single-well aquifer tests and long-term ground water monitoring were, in the past, considered costly and labor-intensive tasks. However, because of recent advances in portable data acquisition systems, these field tests can be performed in a relatively cost-effective and efficient manner. Certain data acquisition systems (DAS) have unique options available. Recently developed and commonly used computers are the Envirolab®, the Paroscientific®, and the In-Situ®. The use of implementing DAS in ground water field studies has proved to be successful when compared to the many disadvantages of performing those tasks manually. Successful acquisition of aquifer characterization data using computerized methods is highly dependent on the implementation of proper field programming and operational procedures. In order to provide high qualify and meaningful data, the field operator must be familiar with proper equipment implementation and programming instructions. Once familiar with these procedures, the use of DAS in the field provides a cost-effective and efficient tool for aquifer testing. 相似文献
11.
Geomorphologists have to make choices and compromises, as acquisition techniques of geometrical information are numerous, depending on the specific complexity of the targeted three‐dimensional objects and the requirements of the end user. This article presents the methodology and the results over a well known and documented site. This ready‐to‐use, low‐altitude, aerial photo methodology reveals itself to be a satisfying compromise between cost, accuracy and difficulty of implementation. The selected equipment package is light enough to enable a quick reaction to unexpected events and the tools and methods are competitive with field acquisition techniques. An evaluation has demonstrated a sub‐metric accuracy for the final result. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Seismic data contain random noise interference and are affected by irregular subsampling. Presently, most of the data reconstruction methods are carried out separately from noise suppression. Moreover, most data reconstruction methods are not ideal for noisy data. In this paper, we choose the multiscale and multidirectional 2D curvelet transform to perform simultaneous data reconstruction and noise suppression of 3D seismic data. We introduce the POCS algorithm, the exponentially decreasing square root threshold, and soft threshold operator to interpolate the data at each time slice. A weighing strategy was introduced to reduce the reconstructed data noise. A 3D simultaneous data reconstruction and noise suppression method based on the curvelet transform was proposed. When compared with data reconstruction followed by denoizing and the Fourier transform, the proposed method is more robust and effective. The proposed method has important implications for data acquisition in complex areas and reconstructing missing traces. 相似文献
13.
随着油气地震勘探目标的复杂程度日益提高,地震数据采集系统的道容量也需要得到进一步的提升.本文根据压缩感知、稀疏表示等理论,提出了一种多跳恒传输量的数据采集框架,以减少每条测线上地震数据的传输量,进而提升采集系统的道容量.为了能够明显地提高带道能力,设计了基于有序并行原子更新的字典学习算法,该算法能够在计算量较小的前提下有效的得到相应数据的稀疏变换矩阵.基于压缩感知的多跳地震数据采集方法已能够在吉林大学研制的无缆自定位地震仪中实现.本文最后使用一组仿真数据和一组实测数据进行测试,其结果表明,数据采集信噪比控制在14 dB以上(引入噪声约18%)时,最多可以将系统的道容量提高3倍以上. 相似文献
14.
A. V. Desherevskii V. I. Zhuravlev A. N. Nikolsky A. Ya. Sidorin 《Seismic Instruments》2017,53(1):46-59
Time series of geophysical monitoring data are very specific. They can contain complicated irregular variations and nonstationary effects of various kinds. Time-varying noise, numerous gaps in the data, trends, technical drawbacks, and other hardly predictable features are often present in these time series. These peculiarities demand special methods and procedures for acquisition and analysis of the data. The first part of the paper discusses the peculiarities of the software for such time series, and a brief review of the methods for solving the task is given. In the second part of the paper, the universal software package WinABD developed by the authors for multivariable analysis of geophysical time series will be described. The technologies realized in the software package and intended for analysis of similar signals will be considered. 相似文献
15.
1 INTRODUCTION Agricultural use of pesticides has been recognized as one of the important non-point pollution sources in the world, and the pesticide application to agricultural lands has led to large amounts of residues discharged into surface water through runoff (Leonard, 1990). There have been growing concerns about the fate and transport of pesticides in agricultural lands, due to the associated adverse impacts on water environment and human health (Agassi et al., 1995; Ng and Clegg… 相似文献
16.
地下介质三维模型中界面的描述方法 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
介质模型可分为离散模型和连续模型，离散模型，使用规则网格或不规则网格将空间离散化，网格内介质参数不变，对连续模型，可用解析函数描述，或者由插值方法得到介质参数的空间分布，连续模型的描述，要素之一是界面的描述方法，本文借助计算机图形学和计算机辅助几何设计中发展起来的曲线和曲面技术，使用参数形式的Coons曲面、Bezier曲面、B样条曲面和三角形面片，描述三维地质构造,结合地震勘探采集系统设计的实际需要，给出一种三角形面片的模型描述方案。 相似文献
17.
18.
随着电子技术的发展,许多新技术被应用到地球物理仪器之中.其中,无缆地震仪采集站具有重量轻、易搬运的特点,适宜应用于如森林、沼泽、沙漠等地面状况复杂的区域,可以在复杂地质条件下方便地进行地震数据采集,是未来地震仪发展的方向.本研究研发了一种低成本无缆地震仪采集站,通过分析无缆地震仪的发展方向,确定了采集站的设计方案,该系统采用了微功耗设计,GPS授时同步与低成本晶振相结合的时钟机制,并设计了基于多项分解的软件滤波器提高24位Σ-ΔADC的动态范围,其低成本、小体积、低功耗的特点使其非常适用于复杂区域下的资源勘探,并可应用于高密度、宽方位等物探新技术当中. 相似文献
19.
建筑物信息的完善是震前风险评估和震后损失评估的重要基础,决定着评估结果的精度。为了实现城市建筑物信息的快速采集,笔者对系统需求分析、架构设计、功能设计、数据库设计及核心功能实现等几个方面进行了研究,开发了基于Android的城市建筑物信息外业采集系统,并利用该系统对示范区进行了现场采集测试。实践证明,与传统采集方式相比,该系统人机交互简便,有利于现场非专业技术人员的操作,可以更好地应用于建筑物信息的外业采集,极大地提高了建筑物信息采集的效率,为地震灾害评估过程中建筑物信息数据采集提供技术支持。 相似文献
20.
卫星遥感热红外辐射与川滇强震探讨 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
为了使卫星空间监测技术在地震监测预报的应用研究由理论性、实验性阶段进入实用性阶段，进行了探索和尝试。按照地震前兆资料常规处理的格式和要求，对收集的部分卫星遥感热红外辐射观测资料进行了处理。处理过程中使用了包含数据格式转换、数据预处理、异常挑选等内容的计算机工作软件。在此基础上，根据卫星遥感数据资料所具有的二维均匀分布的特性，应用平面和立体的数据图像处理软件，对卫星遥感热红外辐射观测资料的异常场信息进行了研究。同时，开发出了使用卫星遥感热红外辐射观测资料的数据接口软件。卫星空间监测技术的应用将给地震监测预报带来全新的思维方式及更加快捷实用的数据采集、传送、处理和分析方法。 相似文献