共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 578 毫秒
1.
利用WRF中尺度模式,结合FY-2E卫星云图和常规气象资料,对台海地区一次冬季冷锋降水过程进行了数值模拟研究.结果表明:1)微物理方案对台海地区冬季冷锋降水过程的模拟具有敏感性,Milbrandt双参数微物理方案能较好地再现云系层次结构、冰相降水过程及其云系的对流发展,24 h累积降水量模拟结果优于其他微物理方案.2)锋区的降水粒子(雨水、雪晶和霰)混合比大于锋后,锋区雨带集中在地面锋线的中段,锋后雨带偏向冷区的西南段.3)锋区附近云系受低空急流及台湾岛中部高山地形抬升共同作用,在迎风坡形成强降水中心,对应空中霰含量高值区.4)低空高相当位温、强辐合、正涡度和对流性不稳定与高空强辐散和负涡度的配置是本次冷锋云系维持与发展的重要原因. 相似文献
2.
通过对湿位涡（MPV）不守恒过程出现条件的讨论，理论上证明了：在中纬度突发性暴雨产生前，①必定存在着深对流高度范围内δθ^＊/δz迅速趋向于零的过程。②斜压向量沿广义位温梯度有一分量。③接近饱和的不饱和层足够厚。达到深对流高度。④处于含有大量水汽和液态水的云团和云块附近。1999年合肥2次突发性暴雨确实都有体现上述4个必要条件的2种共同特征现象。⑤在暴雨生成之前，在合肥上空存在着深厚的双层干区（在多普勒雷达VWP图上表现为深对流高度范围内的两层连续无资料区），首先，随着上层干区顶部的湿冷空气开始下滑，上层千区开始从上到下消失，接着，当下滑空气停止下滑而开始上升时，下层的干区开始消失，最后在两层干区完全消失时，带来突发性暴雨的中尺度对流系统就突然出现。⑥同时在云图上，南下冷锋云带在逼近合肥市分裂成两部分，以至在断裂处几乎没有云和雾，而在周围则存在着含有大量液态水和水汽的两块云团。而在冷锋云带通过合肥后，带来突发性暴雨的中尺度对流系统就在几乎没有云和雾的断裂处爆发。 相似文献
3.
Diagnostic study on the structural characteristics of a typical mei-yu front system and its maintenance mechanism 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
In this paper, a typical mei-yu front process with heavy rainfall from June 12 to 15 in 1998 is analyzed. The results show that the mei-yu front is a front system which consists of an iso-θe dense area with strong horizontal gradient, a deep-convective cloud tower band, a passageway transporting warm and moist air flow from the summer monsoon surge in the mid and low levels to the south of the mei-yu front,and a migrating synoptic scale trough to the north of the mei-yu front, which transports cold and dry air southward in the mid and upper levels. The maintenance of the mei-yu front is realized by: (1) is a positive feedback between the moist physical process enhancing frontogenesis and the development of the strong convective system in front of the mei-yu front; (2) the sustaining system to the north of the mei-yu front which is a migrating synoptic scale trough transporting cold and dry air to the mei-yu front and positive vorticity to the mesoscale system in front of the mei-yu front. 相似文献
4.
华南冷锋云系的中尺度和微物理特征模拟分析 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12
利用中国气象科学研究院（CAMS）中尺度云分辨模式,结合实测地面雨量、卫星和雷达资料,对发生在2004年3月31日~4月1日的华南春季冷锋降水过程进行模拟分析。模拟云带的出现时间、位置、形状与走向以及随时间的演变均与卫星观测一致。模拟的雷达回波分布同实测一致,回波主要出现在地面锋线以及锋后冷空气一侧,呈西南-东北带状分布,锋面云系的不同部位回波单体的差异很大。模拟的主要降水时段内的地面雨量分布范围以及大小同实测接近,中尺度雨带呈西南-东北带状结构,随着冷锋的移动逐渐向东南方向移动。在中尺度雨带上有4个生命史超过3小时的强降水中心,强降水中心基本都是向东略偏南的方向移动,与回波单体的移动方向一致。锋面云系的垂直运动深厚,且基本与云区对应,云系产生在低层辐合、正涡度,高层辐散和高相当位温的区域。地面锋线附近的上升速度大,云水含量高,冰相粒子的淞附和雨滴碰并云滴是云中的主要微物理过程,暖雨过程和冷雨过程都重要;而在高空锋区宽雨带部分低层为下沉气流,上升气流只出现在高层,主要是过冷云水、霰和雪晶组成的混合云,雪晶是霰增长的主要源项,降水主要由霰的融化产生,冷云降水过程比较重要。 相似文献
5.
高原边坡复杂地形下短时强降水的云型特征分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用逐时雨量资料、常规高低空观测资料及FY-2卫星云图,对2010—2015年5—9月甘肃省高原边坡复杂地形下76次短时强降水过程个例的天气形势配置及卫星云图演变特征进行统计分析。结果表明,与甘肃省短时强降水过程相关的特征云型共有6类:副热带高压边沿型、逗点云型、冷锋前部型、冷锋尾部与南亚高压东侧叠置型、冷涡后部型、弱冷锋前部椭圆形MαCS型。其中,副热带高压边沿型、冷锋前部型、弱冷锋前部椭圆形MαCS型与低层暖平流强迫有关。逗点云型、冷锋尾部与南亚高压东侧叠置型主要受高低空冷暖平流强烈交汇影响。冷涡后部型是高空冷平流强迫下形成。冷锋尾部与南亚高压东侧叠置型具有较好的预报指示意义。 相似文献
6.
利用自动气象观测站降水资料、常规地面与高空观测资料及卫星云图资料,对2012—2017年6—10月金沙江乌东德水电站坝区18次暴雨个例的大尺度环流背景及卫星云图演变特征进行统计分析,结果表明,切变冷锋型、两高辐合型、西南涡型、孟加拉湾风暴型、切变线型和高空槽型是金沙江乌东德水电站坝区的六类暴雨概念模型。总结归纳出对应的六类典型云型：切变线云带前界处的对流云团8次(占44.4%)、两高辐合云区内部的对流云团4次(占22.2%)、西南涡西南或东南象限的对流云团2次(占11.1%)、孟加拉湾风暴涡旋云系中分离出来的对流云团或对流云系2次(占11.1%)、切变线云带内部的对流云团1次(占5.6%)、高空槽前盾状卷云区南端的对流云系1次(占5.6%)。 相似文献
7.
In this study, two deep convective cloud cases were analyzed in detail to study their initiation and evolution. In both cases, all deep convective clouds were positioned at the rear of the cold front cloud bands and propagated backward. Satellite data showed that prior to initiation of the deep convective clouds, thermodynamic and moist conditions were favorable for their formation. In the morning, a deep convective cloud at the rear of cold front cloud band propagated backward, the outflow boundary of which created favorable conditions for initiation. An additional deep convective cloud cluster moved in from the west and interacted with the outflow boundary to develop a mesoscale convective system（MCS） with large, ellipse-shaped deep convective clouds that brought strong rainfall. The initiation and evolution of these clouds are shown clearly in satellite data and provide significant information for nowcasting and short-term forecasting. 相似文献
8.
Active roles of both sea surface temperature (SST) and its frontal characteristics to the atmosphere in the mid-latitudes have been investigated around the western boundary current regions, and most studies have focused on winter season. The present study investigated the influence of the variation of the summertime Oyashio extension SST front (SSTF) in modulating low-level cloud properties (i.e., low-level cloud cover [LCC], cloud optical thickness [COT], and shortwave cloud radiative effect [SWCRE]) on inter-annual timescales, based on available satellite and Argo float datasets during 2003–2016. First, we examined the mechanism of summertime SSTF variability itself. The strength of the SSTF (SSSTF), defined as the maximum horizontal gradient of SST, has clear inter-annual variations. Frontogenesis equation analysis and regression analysis for subsurface temperature indicated that the inter-annual variations of the summertime SSSTF in the western North Pacific are closely related to the variations of not surface heat flux, but western boundary currents, particularly the Oyashio Extensions. The response of low-level cloud to intensified SSSTF is that negative SWCRE with positive COT anomaly in the northern flank of the SSTF can be induced by cold SST anomalies. The spatial scale of the low-level cloud response was larger than the SST frontal scale, and the spatial distribution of the response was mainly constrained by the pathways of Kuroshio and Oyashio Extensions. Multi-linear regression analysis revealed that the local SST anomaly played largest role in modulating the SWCRE and COT anomalies among the cloud controlling factors (e.g., estimated inversion strength, air-temperature advection) accounting for more than 50% of the variation. This study provides an observational evidence of the active role of local SST anomalies in summertime associated with the western boundary currents to the oceanic low-level cloud.
相似文献9.
Abstract Three years of weekly sea surface temperature maps were analysed to determine the mean position and standard deviation of the front separating the Mixed Water from the North Atlantic Current water to the east of the Grand Banks between 40–50°N and 40–50°W. The front was found to lie along the path of the North Atlantic Current proposed by Dietrich et al. (1975) and to have a standard deviation ranging from 100 to 200 km. The dominant mode of movement at periods of 6 months and longer consisted of a nearly uniform translation. The trajectories of satellite‐tracked drifting buoys were analysed to create a map of the eddy kinetic energy for the region. The high energy ridge of the map generally corresponded to the mean position of the sea surface temperature front. 相似文献
10.
利用EAR5再分析气象数据,分析了两次昆明准静止锋天气过程的高低空环流形势、锋面结构、锋面位置、以及相关要素场等基本特征及其异同。结果表明：中高纬度地区阻塞形势的存在是昆明准静止锋形成的背景环流。当冷暖气团均强且势均力敌时,更有利于锋面的维持;冷空气较强时,锋面会向西移动,越过云贵高原地形的阻挡;反之,锋面则会向东移动。当锋面维持在高原地形东侧时,冷空气被地形阻挡时,锋面的移动缓慢,此时锋区最为明显。当锋面维持在地形东侧时,风场的最大水平切变、温度的最大水平梯度和相当位温的密集区,描述的锋面位置几乎相同。两次过程寒潮爆发时冷空气均只能维持到700hPa附近,且水平风场也均为600hPa以下的低空切变,说明昆明准静止锋为浅薄系统。昆明准静止锋与一般冷锋锋后不同,两次个例昆明准静止锋锋后低空为湿区,而锋前水汽是否充足则要看南支槽所处的位置。 相似文献
11.
利用FY-2C卫星资料、雷达资料和逐时降水资料及NCAR/NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料,对2005年9月24-25日河南省出现的层状云降水过程进行了分析。结果表明:影响降水过程的是低槽—切变云系,切变线云系为暖云云系,结构较均匀,低槽云系主体为冷云,云顶亮温不均匀,有低亮温带结构,当东移的低槽云系与北抬的切变线云系叠加后,叠加区上有中小尺度云团活动,促使降水加强。强降水出现在700 hPa、850 hPa切变线之间及500 hPa低槽前部,并与云顶亮温的发展变化趋势表现出相似性;500 hPa槽前、700 hPa切变线北侧的降水,雨强与亮温值的对应关系不确定。这主要是由于低槽云系和切变线云系的叠加部位不仅具有深厚的湿层,而且具有较强的动力抬升和水汽辐合条件;切变线北侧处于低空辐散区且水汽条件较差,自然降水产生的条件不是很好。最后借助于FY-2C卫星资料反演的云物理参数,对低槽—切变云系的增雨潜势进行了简要分析,认为低槽—切变云系上云顶温度较高的部位符合“播云窗”概念,具有很好的增雨潜势,切变线北侧的低槽云系由于云顶温度低、低空水汽不充分,“播撒—供应”机制不能很好地建立,其增雨潜势条件也弱。 相似文献
12.
95GHz云雷达对一次冷锋云系结构的观测分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用安徽寿县W-Band云雷达(95GHz,波长3.16mm)、地面微波辐射计、探空和地面观测等资料,对2008年11月5-7日一次冷锋云系的云结构进行了分析。结果表明,云雷达的多普勒速度可以初步确定粒子相态和大小以及是否存在雪晶或雨滴;在0℃层附近有回波暗带产生,这主要是由于波长为3mm的雷达对雪晶的衰减较强以及粒子的非Rayleigh散射引起的;云雷达观测可以清楚地识别混合云中的融化层。冷锋云系发展、演变过程及结构非常不均匀:锋面前部,在5～7km之间有一水凝物含量大值区,不断有长大的冰雪晶下落,使云底逐渐下伸,触地后产生间歇性阵性降水;降水过后,5km左右有一相对干层,上部为高层云,下部为散乱的多层云结构;冷锋临近,云层冷区没有水凝物含量大值区,回波强度较弱,暖区2km以下是干冷的东北气流,限制了雨滴通过暖雨过程增长,导致锋面降水强度较小,持续时间短。锋面后部4～7km高度,由于冰雪晶沉降,相对湿度较小,云层分裂成两层云;冷锋过后,出现了较强的降水,这主要是由暖雨过程产生的。 相似文献
13.
Dr. K. Keuler PD Dr. J. Kerkmann Prof. Dr. H. Kraus PD Dr. E. Schaller 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1992,48(1-4):105-130
Summary The development of a cold front influenced by orography and large scale forcing is examined with a two-dimensional meso-scale model. The model is based on the primitive equations and uses the hydrostatic and anelastic approximations. Gradients of the basic flow and temperature field in the third dimension are taken into account during the simulations. Low diffusive numerical schemes and radiation boundary conditions reduce the numerical errors to an acceptable minimum for a two day simulation and avoid reflections at the upper and lateral boundaries. Frontogenetical forcing is included in the simulations by specifying either a vertically sheared or horizontally convergent basic zonal flow field. Model runs with an idealized cold front were carried out over flat terrain and in the presence of a bell shaped mountain ridge.The simulations show a weakening of the cold front on the windward side of the mountain ridge and a strong reintensification on the leeward side relative to the control runs without topography. Analysis of frontogenesis terms demonstrates the importance of convergence in the ageostrophic circulation and of along-front temperature advection for the development of the cold front. The strong intensification of the cold front on the leeward side of the mountain ridge can only partly be explained by superposition with the mountain induced wave. It is mainly caused by ageostrophic deformation forcing in the strong downward flow of this wave.The results also show that the cold front passage over the mountain ridge is not a continuous process. The formation of a new frontal structure on the leeward side of the mountain ridge, well separated from the primary one, is observed while the initial cold front still exists in the upslope region. Generally nonlinear interactions between the mountain wave and the cold front are the important mechanisms to explain these phenomena.With 18 Figures 相似文献
14.
The Thermodynamic and Dynamical Features of Double Front Structures During 21-31 July 1998 in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1. IntroductionDuring June and July, from the mid-lower reachesof the Yangtze River basin in China to southern Japan,a precipitation zone with intensive torrential rain ap-pears and lasts for two to three weeks. This phe-nomenon is called the "mei-yu" in … 相似文献
15.
16.
华北两次副高边缘暴雨过程卫星云图释用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用实况探空资料与FY 2C、2E卫星探测资料,对2005年8月16日、2010年8月20—21日两次西太副高与西风槽共同作用下出现的华北暴雨过程进行分析,将两次过程卫星云图与各种物理要素场的配置进行对比,得到以下结果。两次过程云系均表现为典型的锋面云系特征,靠近冷空气一侧云带边界光滑整齐。从结构上看,锋面云带主要由多层云系组成。整个云系位于高空槽前580 dagpm线与副高外围588 dagpm线之间;降水云带由对流云团、稳定性降水云带及混合性降水云带3部分组成,对流云团集中发展在云带靠近副高边缘晴空区一侧,通常位于在584 dagpm线与588 dagpm线之间靠近副高一侧;稳定性降水集中高空槽前,即云带后部,580 dagpm线与584 dagpm线之间;混合性降水位于两个云系之间,多产生于584 dagpm线附近。云系的分布与各层的垂直速度场、涡度场、散度场,以及中高层的涡度平流场有很好的对应关系。比湿通量、比湿通量散度与假相当位温等温湿参量的分布特征,清楚的解释了锋面云带的移动、发展和分布特征。 相似文献
17.
对2005—2011年造成高影响的一些强对流天气过程,按其云系特征和天气背景分为冷气团内部型、西风槽或冷涡云系尾部型、梅雨锋或切变线云系上嵌入型和高原东移高空槽云系型4种类型。冷气团内部型强对流发生在锋面或切变线云带后部的晴空区内,沿高空西北气流下滑的积云簇或向东南方向移动的短波槽是其发生的关键因子。西风槽或冷涡云系尾部型强对流发生于云带的尾部,云带后部干气流的反气旋式侵入是其主要特征。梅雨锋或切变线云系上嵌入型强对流出现在梅雨锋或切变线上,云带的北边界因常与高空急流相平行而比较清楚,强对流云团出现时云带北部的急流与高空的反气旋脊线距离较近。高原东移高空槽云系型强对流的关键影响系统是从青藏高原东部移出的短波槽云系,从水汽图像上可以看到其后部常有暗区或暗带相伴。 相似文献
18.
本文分析了三个产生强对流天气冷涡过程的卫星云图.冷涡云系的结构可归纳为单纯的冷涡结构和具有锢囚气旋结构两类.利用诊断分析对冷涡云系中各个组成部分,即涡旋云区、不稳定云区、正涡度平流云区、冷涡云区及暖锋云区与有关物理量的配置关系进行了讨论. 相似文献
19.
Summary The correlation between the normal component of theQ-vector(Q
n
) and the pixel values in IR satellite images has been investigated on a six-months data set. The average linear correlation coefficients are negative in all three selected isobaric levels, but not of significant magnitude (the correlation is best for the 850 hPa level, with a correlation coefficient of about 0.3), indicating an only slight tendency for negative values ofQ
n
to be associated with high IR grey shade values or, in other words, with cold cloud tops. It is explained why a better correlation should be expected for frontal cases, followed by an evaluation of 14 IR images containing cloudiness of cold fronts that occurred in February 1995. The correspondence betweenQ
n
at the 850 hPa level and IR pixel values in those cases is compared to the statistics for the whole month of February 1995, including also nonfrontal cases. The more pronounced connection is found for frontal cases, as expected. Finally, examples of frontogenesis and frontolysis demonstrate the possibility of using the prognostic quantityQ
n
in combination with IR satellite imagery as a tool for operational nowcasting and/or forecasting of the development or decay of frontal cloudiness.With 8 Figures 相似文献
20.
陆地上爆发性温带气旋的暖锋后弯结构分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
温带气旋的暖锋后弯是20世纪80年代末从北大西洋爆发性气旋现场科学试验中发现的一个重要科学成果, 修正了 经典温带锋面气旋模式中锢囚锋的概念。在地球同步卫星云图上, 经常可以观测到欧亚大陆的气旋云系也存在与暖锋后弯 非常类似的演变过程。利用常规的高空、地面观测, NCEP的1°×1°再分析场和FY-2E 水汽图像等资料, 通过分析2012年5 月11-14日一次蒙古气旋强烈发展的结构特征, 揭示了在内陆地区温带气旋发展过程中若暖锋锋区增强而冷锋锋区减弱, 则 该类气旋也存在暖锋后弯和暖核被隔离的事实。分析结果还表明该类蒙古气旋中暖核强度虽不如海洋爆发性气旋, 但其厚 度可伸展到600hPa,在对流层低层850hPa低压中心附近不仅有暖核, 而且存在与暖核近乎重合的干中心, 但干暖中心与气 旋中心并不重合。另外, 单站探空及垂直剖面的分析显示, 在后弯的暖锋锋区附近存在强的湿上升运动, 干暖核内以干空气 和下沉运动为主, 在边界层内后弯暖锋锋区比冷锋锋区强;在冷锋后部的干输送带中对流层中高层锋区明显, 且总体上相对 湿度较小、上升运动微弱, 最显着的干区位于锋区上方下沉的暖空气中。 相似文献