共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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通过砂土的一系列动三轴实验,研究不规则地震荷载作用下与定次数等幅荷载作用下土体变形间的关系,给出砂土相对密实度对二者间关系的影响规律。结果表明:真实地震荷载下土的变形发展与等幅正弦荷载明显不同,应变发展时程的形态主要受地震动的形态控制;应变比C与砂土相对密度间关系具有规律性,随相对密度增大而降低,若采用以20周作为标准作用次数、0.65倍地震波峰值为等幅荷载代替不规则的地震荷载,修正真实地震应力下的残余变形,其应变比C随砂土密实度的增大而减小。同时,冲击型荷载的应变比C`要远大于振动型荷载。 相似文献
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动三轴试验中,若在一定轴向静偏应力基础上施加对称正弦波荷载,土体会在荷载正半部分出现轴向压缩状态,而在荷载负半部分有可能因为侧向应力大于轴向应力而出现轴向等效拉伸状态,将此类荷载暂称为等效拉压荷载。为研究等效拉压荷载下饱和粉质黏土的弹塑性变形,设计了多级正弦波荷载室内不排水动三轴试验。依据试验数据揭示了围压、静偏应力、动偏应力和压实系数对土体弹塑性变形发展的影响,并提出用拉压效应系数来确定轴向塑性累积应变的发展趋势。研究表明:若取轴向压缩方向为正方向,拉压效应系数存在一临界值,当实际值大于临界值时,塑性累积应变向负方向发展,反之则向正方向发展或基本保持不变;同时Hardin模型可以较好地描述饱和粉质黏土的动弹模-动应变关系,且塑性累积应变向负方向发展时动弹模量普遍偏小。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(1)
利用SDT-20型动三轴仪在双向循环荷载下探究了黄土的动变形特性,分析了初始循环偏应力、径向动荷载幅值和预剪应力对黄土动变形发展的影响。试验结果表明:双向循环荷载作用下,初始动应力状态对黄土破坏模式有重要影响,初始循环偏应力小于0 k Pa时,黄土呈受拉破坏,初始循环偏应力大于0 k Pa时,黄土呈受压破坏。初始循环偏应力、径向动荷载幅值和预剪应力对黄土的动剪切变形均有明显的影响,初始循环偏应力和径向动荷载幅值的增大均加快了黄土的动剪切变形发展,使土体的破坏更迅速。预剪应力对土体起到预压密作用,黄土的动剪切变形的发展随预剪应力的增大而减缓。当剪切动荷载幅值保持不变时,拉压动荷载幅值的增大明显地加速了黄土动剪切变形的发展,其对土体动剪切变形的影响和剪切动荷载是一致的。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2017,(1)
动荷载作用下土体累积变形、孔压的发展不仅与动应力幅值有关,还与振动次数密切相关。本文通过GCTS空心圆柱扭剪仪对天津海积软土进行循环三轴试验,研究了多振次不同循环动应力下土体的累积变形与孔压特性。试验结果表明:在多振次循环荷载作用下,临界动应力前后土体累积变形发展趋势不同。动应力幅值小于临界动应力,累积应变呈稳定型发展;动应力幅值大于临界动应力,累积应变呈破坏型发展。按照累积应变发展形态的不同,分段建立考虑动应力幅值影响的长期变形公式。同样根据孔压发展趋势,也相应地分段建立了孔压增长预测公式,拟合值与试验值较为吻合。 相似文献
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利用SDT-20型三轴仪探究双向动荷载下红黏土动变形特性。结果表明:相位差为0其他条件相同时红黏土动剪切模量随径向动荷载幅值增加而减小;双向动荷载下红黏土动剪应变与振动次数近似呈指数型关系增长,并存在一个临界循环次数;随含水率升高和固结应力增大,重塑红黏土破坏模式由受拉破坏变为受压破坏;径向动荷载幅值的增加使重塑红黏土更容易发生受拉破坏;双向动荷载下阻尼比随动剪应变增加无明显规律,动剪应变小于1%时阻尼比的变化无规律,动剪应变大于1%时随动剪应变增加阻尼比处于稳定平衡阶段。含水率对阻尼比变化规律有明显影响,含水率小于20%时阻尼比随含水率增大而增大,含水率大于20%时其对阻尼比影响可以忽略。 相似文献
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在二维应力状态下地震触发砂土液化动应力条件 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
在二维应力状态下,地震在土体中不仅产生动水平剪应力τｈｄ,而且也引起在一般情况下不可忽略的竖向与水平动正应力关「σｖｄ－σｈｄ」／２,二者定义为动偏应力之二分量,均应是评估土体或土工结构物变形及其稳定性的主要因素。本文给出了在地震动偏应力二分量共同作用下,土单元中最大往返剪切作用面及其上最大动剪应力比「τｄ／σｓ」ｍａｘ的确定方法。据此,提出了地震触发砂土液化的应力条件及液化判别准则。 相似文献
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波浪荷载能引起海床土体的主应力轴连续旋转。不同于地震、交通等循环荷载,在周期性波浪荷载作用的土体应力路径方式下,软黏土的软化效用更为明显。本文分别对天然和扰动的海床土体在波浪荷载作用下的应力响应进行模拟,并分析应力路径的特点;为描述软化后的应力-应变关系,将软化效用和累积塑性应变的参数引入到能够反应土体动力非线性的Hardin-Drnevich模型中,建立修正模型,使之能够反应软黏土体软化与塑性应变累计特性;通过与模拟波浪荷载下土体应力特征的循环耦合试验结果进行对比分析,验证该修正模型的可靠性。 相似文献
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不同地域的软黏土表现出不同的动力学特性,针对舟山地区海相软黏土,采用Wille动三轴仪开展了一系列不排水三轴试验,研究了不同加载频率及循环应力比对软黏土的动应力-应变-孔压及软化指数等的影响规律。结果表明：低频荷载的应力-应变滞回曲线对应的面积较大且曲线趋势更倾向于应变轴,随着循环次数的增加土体的软化程度明显增加(软化指数减少),且在高循环应力比下产生较大的累积塑性应变和残余动孔压;在低频较大循环振次和高频荷载作用下,不仅需要关注循环应力比CSR的影响,也需要进一步分别关注围压和轴向偏应力各自数值不同所导致的土体累积塑性应变、残余动孔压的变化;降低循环应力比可以显著减少不同频率荷载对软黏土地基动力特性的影响。此外,实验所测的累积塑性应变和残余动孔压分别采用相关修正模型拟合,取得了一致的拟合结果。该研究将为舟山海相软黏土的工程应用提供参考依据。 相似文献
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Vehicle load is among the main factors affecting the deformation of subgrade soil.In this research study,the concept of impact type traffic load is introduced to investigate the effects of vehicle load based on the dynamic stress and displacement time histories acquired from seasonal frozen subgrade soils.Using freezing-thawing and dynamic triaxial tests and considering the amplitude and loading sequence of impact type traffic load,the residual deformation characteristics of subgrade soil under impact type traffic loads and freezing-thawing cycles is studied.It was found that under impact type traffic load,the residual deformation of soils increased sharply as the amplitude of impact type traffic load increased.It was also found that the increase in the amplitude of impact type traffic load led to the increase of residual deformation in a scale of power and exponential function.The amplitudes of impact type traffic load affect the development stress-strain path of the residual strain.After the soil experienced the proper amount of pre-vibration of the light load,residual deformation decreased by 15%.After freezing-thawing,the residual strain of soil increased as the amplitude of the impact type traffic loads increased.Also,when the amplification effect of freezing-thawing on the residual strain was basically stable,the residual deformation increased by about 10%.The peak impact type traffic load had a large effect on soil deformation after the freezing-thawing process,leading to the observation that of the earlier the peaks,the stronger the effect of freezing-thawing.After the soil was subjected to preloading with a small load,the influence of the freezing-thawing cycles gradually stabilized.The results may be useful in preventing and controlling the risk of subgrade soil failure when construction takes place spring thaw periods. 相似文献
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扩底桩基础在承受水平风浪荷载时,基础周围的地基土表现出复杂的应力变化特性。基于有限元程序ABAQUS,针对近海风机单桩基础受力特点,分别建立扩底桩和等直径桩的有限元模型,着重分析扩底桩受风浪荷载时桩周土的应力特征,并对扩底桩和等直径桩桩周土的应力主轴旋转角度规律进行对比分析。结果表明:扩底桩在承受风浪荷载时,上部桩桩周土偏应力和主应力方向角的变化较为明显,扩底段部分桩周土受动荷载的影响较中段更为明显;随着桩周土与扩底桩距离的增加,桩周土主应力方向角旋转幅值逐渐减小,直到减小为一个较为稳定的值;扩底桩桩周土与等直径桩桩周土的主应力方向角旋转幅值变化规律有所不同。 相似文献
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为研究冲击荷载或地震作用下产生的,以Rayleigh波为主的面波对浅层地表土体动力响应特征以及数值模拟中土层阻尼的设置方法,以厦门地区浅层的素填土及粉质黏土为研究对象,采用有限元动力分析,土体本构采用小应变硬化模型(HSS),利用模型本身的滞回环特性,输入变化的小应变参数,考察HSS模型的小应变参数对场地动力响应的影响,并与土体采用摩尔-库伦模型结合Rayleigh阻尼("MC+Rayleigh阻尼")的计算结果进行对比。研究表明:当采用带有滞回环的HSS模型时,波速随初始剪切模量Gref0的增大而增大,但振幅减小,残余变形量也有所减小;小应变参数γ0.7对波的影响较小;HSS模型能够给出残余变形量,而"MC+Rayleigh阻尼"由于本构模型为理想弹塑性模型,在卸载重加载条件下表现为纯弹性行为,无法反映出卸载重加载过程中塑性应变的积累及其累积阻尼效应;但HSS模型还不能够全面反映循环加载作用下塑性体积应变的累积,因此在考虑滞回阻尼的基础上,仍然建议借助Rayleigh阻尼来更加全面地模拟土体的实际阻尼特性。 相似文献
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以承受水平荷载为主的海上风力发电机在风、浪等荷载的共同作用下其结构—地基系统具有复杂的受荷特性,使得基础周围的地基土表现出复杂的应力变化特性。本文通过数值计算分析了海上风机上部结构所受水平荷载与波浪荷载的作用方向夹角以及荷载频率对地基土应力状态的影响,揭示了海上风机单桩结构地基土的典型应力时程变化及分布规律。结果表明海上风电结构地基土的应力幅值大小和主应力方向角都在发生变化,上部水平荷载与波浪荷载间的夹角以及二者的频率都对地基土的应力状态,特别是主应力方向角的旋转产生了很大影响。 相似文献
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吸力锚基础海上安装方便、定位精确且具有较大上拔承载力,可作为张力腿平台的系泊基础,在深水油气工程应用广泛。服役过程中,作用在吸力锚基础上的荷载一般为一定预张力上的单向循环动力作用,动力荷载可分为波频荷载和二阶低频慢漂荷载,其中波频荷载的幅值较小但周期短,低频荷载幅值较大但周期较长。本文建立多孔介质海床中吸力锚在定常力基础上承受循环上拔荷载的有限元模型,对锚体周围的孔压响应特性进行数值计算与分析,重点分析比较波频荷载和低频慢漂荷载作用下的振荡和残余孔压的变化趋势与影响范围。研究表明,循环上拔荷载作用下吸力锚外侧浅层土体孔压累积显著,降低土体有效应力,弱化筒壁-土体摩擦阻力,有可能引起吸力锚失效模式的转化;循环荷载的幅值和周期都将对孔压响应的大小和分布造成一定影响。 相似文献
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Repeated small amplitude dynamic loading of the soil in the vicinity of buildings, as arising from traffic or construction activities, may cause differential foundation settlements and structural damage. In this paper, an accumulation model for settlements due to vibrations at small strain levels in granular non-cohesive soils is proposed. It is assumed that the dynamic part of the stresses is small with respect to the static part. As plastic deformation in the soil is only observed after a considerable amount of dynamic loading cycles, only the accumulation of the average plastic deformation is considered. The model accounts for the dependency of the deformation on the stress state, the void ratio, and the dynamic loading amplitude. The model is calibrated for homogeneous fine grained sands with the aid of cyclic triaxial test results. 相似文献
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Response of different soils to dynamic loading is of fundamental interest in many engineering, geophysical and environmental studies. Many methods have been proposed to estimate dynamic stability of soils. One more approach, based on laboratory cyclic testing, is discussed in this paper. In our tests, not only the specific features of examined soils, but also different conditions of static and dynamic loading have been taken into account. An analysis of the obtained experimental data explicitly supports the hypothesis of a logarithmic relationship between the axial deformation of soil in cyclic triaxial compression and the number of loading cycles. Evaluation of soil deformation under vibrodynamic loads can also be based on energy approach. The use of critical amount of energy dissipated by soil per its unit volume has been proved to be reliable even in a low dynamic stress range. Convergence of the proposed solution was proved using field measurements and observations. The proposed approach has been applied to evaluate additional settlements of structures founded on the basis of different soil profiles and under various static and dynamic loading conditions. 相似文献
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采用MTS810动三轴试验仪,用二氧化碳+脱气水循环渗流法对重塑黄土进行饱和,进行了一系列对石碑塬滑坡区饱和黄土液化后变形特性试验。考虑干密度和初始有效围压对黄土液化后变形特性的影响,将液化与未液化黄土在单调静荷载作用下的应力-应变曲线进行对比。实验结果表明:利用二氧化碳+脱气水循环渗流法可以使重塑黄土饱和取得较好的效果;饱和石碑塬黄土具有明显的液化特征,在强震作用下发生液化,液化后强度大大衰减,应力-应变曲线呈弱硬化型,分为两个阶段;干密度和初始有效围压对液化后黄土的强度有一定影响,初始有效围压与不排水强度呈拟合度较高的线性关系,初始有效围压越高,液化后不排水强度越大。 相似文献
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Brendon A. Bradley Misko CubrinovskiJennifer J.M. Haskell 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011
This paper presents the development, implementation, and application of a probabilistic framework for the pseudo-static analysis of pile foundations in liquefied and lateral spreading soils. The framework allows for rigorous consideration and propagation of the large uncertainties regarding quantification of seismic loads and soil–pile interaction relationships, which exist in the pseudo-static method. Building upon previous relationships proposed by others, the key features of the presented framework are outlined. In particular, the uncertainty estimation of the induced lateral soil displacements; superstructure inertia loads; and stiffness and strength of the liquefied soils are discussed in detail. The results of applying the pseudo-static method to a case study bridge structure are compared to that obtained using a rigorous seismic effective stress analysis within a similar framework. It is illustrated that the consideration of uncertainties in the pseudo-static framework provides enhanced communication of the foundation's seismic performance to end-users, and that the pseudo-static method provides seismic performance prediction consistent with that obtained using advanced seismic effective-stress analyses. 相似文献