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根据盐城市的大、小麦产量，农技措施和气象资料，采用极限产量权重法组建大，小麦产量（ｙ）的预报模式：ｙ＝ｙｍ－ｙ农－ｙ灾－ｙ气或改写为：ｙ＝ｙｍ（１－（∑ａｉ＋∑Ｂｊ＋∑Ｃｎ））对盐城市大、小麦产量进行分段预报，经多年试报，结果与实产的相以误差均在５％以内。 相似文献
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Measurements are presented of sulfate and nitrate production in clouds on the East and West coasts of the United States. Sulfate production measured on the mid-Atlantic Coast was significantly greater than on the Pacific Northwest Coast. Nitrate production was significant on the mid-Atlantic Coast but, on average, insignificant on the Pacific Northwest Coast. Measurements of sulfate and nitrate scavenging coefficients by clouds are also presented. 相似文献
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气候变暖对盐城市小麦生产的影响及其对策 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
本文通过对盐城市37年气象资料的计算分析,得出：小麦生育期间气候明显变暖,尤其冬季气温上升最为明显,便得小麦生育进程超前,过早拔节,冻害变重,病虫草害和涝渍害加重。据此,根据本市小麦生产的实际情况,提出了扩大半冬性品种种植面积、适当推迟播期、控制群体结构、适时防治病虫草害等对策措施。 相似文献
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目前 ,ＷｉｎｄｏｗｓＮＴＳｅｒｖｅｒ 4.0中文版在网络市场比较流行 ,不少单位把它作为局域网最佳的网络操作系统 ,工作站大多选用Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ 95和Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ 98,各单位也利用Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ/ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ技术开发各类应用服务系统。建立了ＷＥＢ主控服务器、电子邮件服务器、ＦＴＰ服务器等 ,提供网上浏览各类信息及资源的共享。对于局域网管理员来说 ,对本地局域网终端上网网络参数配置都很熟悉 ,但在实践中 ,由于网络终端距本地网有相当一段距离而不能联接 ,就束手无策。这时 ,应考虑使用ＷｉｎｄｏｗｓＮＴＳｅｒｖｅｒ… 相似文献
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Improving Simulation of the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle of China in Version 4.5 of the Community Land Model Using a Revised Vcmax Scheme 
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下载免费PDF全文 The maximum rate of carboxylation(Vcmax) is a key photosynthetic parameter for gross primary production(GPP) estimation in terrestrial biosphere models. A set of observation-based Vcmax values, which take the nitrogen limitation on photosynthetic rates into consideration, are used in version 4.5 of the Community Land Model(CLM4.5). However, CLM4.5 with carbon-nitrogen(CN) biogeochemistry(CLM4.5-CN) still uses an independent decay coefficient for nitrogen after the photosynthesis calculation. This means that the nitrogen limitation on the carbon cycle is accounted for twice when CN biogeochemistry is active. Therefore, to avoid this double nitrogen down-regulation in CLM4.5-CN, the original Vcmax scheme is revised with a new one that only accounts for the transition between Vcmax and its potential value(without nitrogen limitation). Compared to flux towerbased observations, the new Vcmax scheme reduces the root-mean-square error(RMSE) in GPP for mainland China by 13.7 g C m-2 yr-1, with a larger decrease over humid areas(39.2 g C m-2 yr-1). Moreover, net primary production and leaf area index are also improved, with reductions in RMSE by 0.8% and 11.5%, respectively. 相似文献
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Karine Sellegri Paolo Villani David Picard Regis Dupuy Colin O'Dowd Paolo Laj 《Atmospheric Research》2008,90(2-4):272-ICNAA07
The hygroscopic growth factor (HGF) of 85 nm and 20 nm marine aerosol particles was measured during January 2006 for a three-week period within the frame of the EU FP6 project MAP (Marine Aerosol Production) winter campaign at the coastal site of Mace Head, using the TDMA technique. The results are compared to aerosol particles produced in a simulation tank by bubbling air through sea water sampled near the station, and through synthetic sea water (inorganic salts). This simulation is assimilated to primary production. Aitken and mode particles (20 nm) and accumulation mode particles (85 nm) both show HGF of 1.92 and 2.01 for particles generated through bubbling in natural and artificial sea water respectively. In the Aitken mode, the marine particles sampled in the atmosphere shows a monomodal HGF slightly lower than the one measured for sea salt particles artificially produced by bubble bursting in natural sea water (HGF = 1.83). This is also the case for the more hygroscopic mode of accumulation mode particles. In addition, the HGF of 85 nm particles observed in the atmosphere during clean marine sectors exhibits half of its population with a 1.4 HGF. An external mixture of the accumulation mode marine particles indicates a secondary source of this size of particles, a partial processing during transport, or an inhomogeneity of the sea water composition. A gentle 90 °C thermo-desorption results in a significant decrease of the number fraction of moderately hygroscopic (HGF = 1.4) particles in the accumulation mode to the benefit of the seasalt mode, pointing to the presence of semi-volatile compounds with pronounced hydrophobic properties. The thermo-desorption has no effect on the HGF of bubble generated aerosols, neither for synthetic or natural sea water, nor on the atmospheric Aitken mode, indicating that these hydrophobic compounds are secondarily integrated in the particulate phase. No difference between night and day samples is observed on the natural marine aerosols regarding hygroscopicity, but a more pronounced sensitivity to volatilization of the 1.4 HGF mode in the accumulation mode is observed during the day. 相似文献
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Vast areas of rangelands across the world are grazed with increasing intensity, but interactions between livestock production, biodiversity and other ecosystem services are poorly studied. This study explicitly determines trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services and livestock grazing intensity on rangelands. Grazing intensity and its effects on forage utilization by livestock, carbon sequestration, erosion prevention and biodiversity are quantified and mapped, using global datasets and models. Results show that on average 4% of the biomass produced annually is consumed by livestock. On average, erosion prevention is 10% lower in areas with a high grazing intensity compared to areas with a low grazing intensity, whereas carbon emissions are more than four times higher under high grazing intensity compared to low grazing intensity. Rangelands with the highest grazing intensity are located in the Sahel, Pakistan, West India, Middle East, North Africa and parts of Brazil. These high grazing intensities result in carbon emissions, low biodiversity values, low capacity for erosion prevention and unsustainable forage utilization. Although the applied models simplify the processes of ecosystem service supply, our study provides a global overview of the consequences of grazing for biodiversity and ecosystem services. The expected increasing future demand for livestock products likely increase pressures on rangelands. Global-scale models can help to identify targets and target areas for international policies aiming at sustainable future use of these rangelands. 相似文献
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The gas-phase degradation of NH3 in the atmosphere still has many uncertainties. One of them is the possible isomerisation of NH2O to NHOH, as indicated by kinetic studies. Since NH2O is formed during the gas-phase oxidation of ammonia in the troposphere, this reaction can potentially influence the subsequent production of N2O and NOx. So far, the isomerisation has never been implemented into current chemical schemes describing the atmospheric gas-phase degradation of NH3 and its atmospheric relevance has never been assessed. The N2O yield from NH3 degradation is calculated to be in the range of 10–43 %. It depends on the NO2 and O3 concentrations, but is independent of the NH3 concentration. Compared with the results from recent literature, the N2O yield derived from the new mechanism is 20–80% lower, implying a smaller global N2O source strength of 0.4 Tg yr- 1. The production of NH2SO2 seems to be less important for the atmospheric degradation of NH3. NH3 oxidation is a sink for NOx at NOx mixing ratios of more than about 1 ppb and a source at lower NOx burdens. 相似文献
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冷凉气候区水稻高产的一种地温调控技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析敦化市历所水稻产量和６￣９月５ｃｍ平均地温的关系,提出水稻高产的地温指标。根据不同年份和水稻的不同发育阶段采取不同的灌溉措施,通过调控５ｃｍ地温使之达到的要求,通过１９８６￣１９９０年的试验,水稻均获得了高产,提供了冷凉气候区水稻高产稳产的一种调控技术。 相似文献
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气候异常对农业生产影响评估技术研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用风险度的概念来表征气候异常对农业生产的影响程序,并提出风险度的计算公式,讨论了贵州主要「灾害风险度的一般规律,指出：对任何生产对象而言,干旱的风险度最大,洪涝、风雹、低温霜冻的风险度都较小;就地区分布而言,干旱、洪涝、风雹、低温霜冻风险度最大的区域基本上出现在严重夏旱区、严重秋季绵雨区、严重冰雹区、严重霜冻区。 相似文献
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LPJ模型对1981～1998年中国区域潜在植被分布和碳通量的模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用一个基于过程的动态植被模型LPJ DGVM（Lund Potsdam Jena Dynamic Global Vegetation Model）,模拟了中国区域潜在植被分布,考察了1981～1998年中国区域净初级生产〖JP〗力（NPP）、异养呼吸（Rh）和净生态系统生产力（NEP）的年际变化。模拟结果表明,在LPJ模型提供的植被功能类型（PFT）划分的条件下,中国区域除了分布裸土外,主要分布了6种潜在植被功能类型,即热带常绿阔叶林带、温带常绿阔叶林带、温带夏绿阔叶林带、北方常绿针叶林带、北方夏绿针叶林带和温带草本植物。在所考察的时间段内,中国区域总NPP从2.91 Gt · a-1（C）（1982年）变化到3.37 Gt · a-1（C）（1990年）,平均每年增加0.025 Gt（C）,其平均增长率为096%。中国区域总Rh从2.59 Gt · a-1（C）（1986年）变化到3.19 Gt · a-1（C）（1998年）,具有105% 的平均年增长率,即平均每年增加0.025 Gt（C）,并且中国区域温带草本植物相比其他植被功能类型,其NPP和Rh线性增加的趋势最为显著。研究结果还表明,LPJ模型在引入火灾机制后,中国区域总NEP的变化范围更加合理,即每年总NEP在-0.06 Gt · a-1（C）（1998年）和0.34 Gt · a-1（C）（1992年）之间变化,其平均值为0.12 Gt · a-1（C）。该结果表明,在所考察的时间段内,中国区域的陆地生态系统是碳汇。上述结果与其他研究结果基本一致,因而此模型模拟中国区域潜在植被分布和碳循环是有效的。
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平台集值班信息、浏览信息、预报制作、专项制作、服务产品、资料查询、系统设置、系统帮助等8个板块。实现了对预报值班登记分析和管理;对上一级预报服务业务指导产品的浏览和分析;提供较多实用的预报工具,对提高预报服务水平将会起到很好的促进作用;提供实用的专项预报制作方法便于旗县级开展专业专项服务;提供了预报、服务产品等多种产品的制作;规范了决策服务、公众服务、专项服务的产品模式,制作产品时图文并茂;实现了历史资料的实时查询和制作图、表。通过平台的建设和实施,为业务人员提供一个更为丰富的预报、服务业务信息平台。 相似文献