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为促进后备耕地改良技术的优化和水资源的高效利用,在新疆奇台县对不同灌溉量下盐碱地土壤水盐在时间序列上的变化规律进行对比研究。试验设8个处理,对应的灌溉定额分别为:6 800 m3/hm2、5 200 m3/hm2、4 400 m3/hm2、3 600 m3/hm2、2 800 m3/hm2、2 000 m3/hm2、1 200 m3/hm2和0 m3/hm2。结果表明:灌后1~8 d,剖面土壤处于洗盐期,土壤洗盐率与灌溉量成正比;灌溉8 d后,剖面进入积盐期,浅层土壤积盐率与灌溉量呈指数关系,而深层土壤积盐率与灌溉量呈线性关系。灌后1~18 d,各处理土壤碱化现象明显,碱化程度与灌溉量呈正比。灌溉18 d后,土壤碱化现象均减弱。综合考虑高效用水、高效洗盐和低碱化的目标,研究区在灌溉高峰期(7~8月)每次灌溉的合理灌溉量应为3 600~4 400 m3/hm2。 相似文献
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不同灌水量对碱化土的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
碱化土壤上不同定额灌水量试验研究表明,电导率与可溶性盐是成正比关系,电导率、可溶性盐与pH成反比关系。灌水量对土壤总盐及盐分组成中CT、SO4^2-的影响较人;随着灌水量的增加,表层土壤中HCO3^-增加,pH上升。灌水量必须大于一定的量才具有洗盐作用。 相似文献
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对含胡浓缩盐卤在冷冻析出一般盐类进行研究结果表明,在从－１０℃至－２０℃范围内,析出高水合硫酸镁和氯化镁盐。尤其是硼酸镁盐。经化学分析,热分析粉晶衍射结果表明,从室温到－２０．５℃范围内,不同时间放量析出同一种硼酸镁－三方硼镁石。 相似文献
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囊谦盆地出露有晚始新世贡觉组石膏—红色泥岩沉积旋回,对研究古气候演化和沉积环境提供了良好的素材。以往的研究仅限于膏盐地层海陆相判定,而对其形成过程未有报道。采集囊谦盆地的盐泉水、贡觉组第三段的石膏和碎屑沉积物样品,并分析锶同位素比值和孢粉组合特征。结果表明,囊谦盆地盐泉水和石膏~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值分布在0.708 53～0.708 98之间,且位于陆源水的比值范围内;红色碎屑层孢粉组合主要以麻黄—白刺—栎粉为主,其中干旱成分占到45%,主要以麻黄粉(30%)和白刺粉(13%)为主,指示了干旱的气候环境;裸子植物杉粉在红色泥岩中的含量有所波动,最高含量达到36%,平均含量为9%,指示气候干湿交替变化。综合Sr同位素分析和孢粉分析认为,在全球中纬度干旱的大背景下,囊谦盆地石膏层形成于相对干旱和相对湿润的气候环境交替变化的陆相环境。 相似文献
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冬季结冰灌溉对苏打盐碱土水盐变化的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在苏打盐碱土区进行结冰灌溉试验,研究灌溉后盐碱土土壤水分和盐分的分布状况。试验分为淡水结冰灌溉(E)、微咸水结冰灌溉(D)、微咸水结冰灌溉+100%GR(石膏需求量)磷石膏(A),微咸水结冰灌溉+50%GR磷石膏(B),以及对照(CK),5个处理。灌溉水量为180 mm。试验结果表明灌溉融水增加了土壤耕层的含水量,为春播抗旱起到了重要作用。同时灌溉融水使土壤耕层主要离子Na+、Cl-、CO32-、HCO3-明显降低,使土壤耕层的盐碱化程度得到改善。不同处理方式之间比较,微咸水结冰灌溉洗盐效果和盐碱化改良效果明显好于淡水结冰灌溉,微咸水+磷石膏淋洗和改良效果好于微咸水结冰灌溉,且随着磷石膏施用量的增多,洗盐和改良效果更好。 相似文献
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作物的耐盐性及盐水灌溉管理 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
盐从水分关系、离子毒害、营养和能量平衡等方面影响植物的生长。不同的植物具有不同的耐盐性,同一植物在不同生长期的耐盐性也有差异。有效的灌溉管理是盐水灌溉农业的基础,高频率灌溉有利于缓解由于盐引起的水分亏缺,和对根系带洗盐,同时必须保持植物根系带土壤良好的通透条件。沙地更适合于盐水灌溉,滴灌是最为有效的灌溉方式。灌溉水盐分的增加将导致大多数作物的产量下降,但某些作物品质的改善可在一定程度上补偿产量下降的损失。 相似文献
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含锂卤水中锂资源高效利用与绿色分离的新型萃取体系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对现有高镁锂比盐湖卤水、碳酸锂产业排放的碱性料液、废旧锂电池回收液等含锂溶液的萃取分离技术现状以及高效、清洁、高值化利用的重大需求及关键基础科学问题,设计合成出数十种酰胺类、磷酸酯类以及双酮类锂特效萃取剂,通过对该类萃取剂的表征与不同放大规模的研究,筛选出多个具有工业应用前景的锂萃取体系,研发出适合我国盐湖卤水锂资源特点的、经济上可行的具有自主知识产权的分离提取锂的新萃取体系与工艺,突破高镁锂比盐湖卤水提锂这一世界性技术难题。经过产业化应用研究,萃取法从高镁锂比盐湖卤水中分离提取锂的技术,在锂镁选择性分离以及资源高效利用率方面已经凸显出了比现有任何提锂工艺更加优异的效果,为我国盐湖资源高效、清洁、高值化利用提供科学依据,提升我国在盐湖锂分离领域的国际地位和竞争力。 相似文献
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新疆盐湖卤虫的分布特征及成矿作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卤虫是一种生存于盐湖卤水和盐田水中的超盐水生物，具有很高的利用价值，主要用于水产养殖业和家禽喂养，是一种待开发的盐湖资源。研究表明，盐湖卤水中卤虫的大量存在，能够起到净化卤水的作用，并使盐类沉积的纯度增高，同时对盐类沉积速度也起到了重要作用。卤虫卵和卤虫粪粒是盐湖沉积物中极常见的物质成分，并在盐类矿层中发现它们的化石，表明卤虫在盐湖成矿过程中起到了不容忽视的作用。 相似文献
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Ji&#x;í Bruthans Michal Filippi Naser Asadi Mohammad Zare Stanislav &#x;lechta Zdenka Chur
kov 《Geomorphology》2009,107(3-4):195-209
The surfaces of salt diapirs in the Zagros Mountains are mostly covered by surficial deposits, which significantly affect erosion rates, salt karst evolution, land use and the density of the vegetation cover. Eleven salt diapirs were selected for the study of surficial deposits in order to cover variability in the geology, morphology and climate in a majority of the diapirs in the Zagros Mountains and Persian Gulf Platform. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of 80 selected samples were studied mainly by X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. Changes in salinity along selected vertical profiles were studied together with the halite and gypsum distribution. The subaerial residuum formed from minerals and rock detritus released from the dissolved rock salt is by far the most abundant material on the diapirs. Fluvial sediments derived from this type of residuum are the second most common deposits found, while submarine residuum and marine sediments have only local importance. The mineralogical/chemical composition of surficial deposits varies amongst the three end members: evaporite minerals (gypsum/anhydrite and minor halite), carbonates (dolomite and calcite) and silicates-oxides (mainly quartz, phyllosilicates, and hematite). Based on infiltration tests on different types of surficial deposits, most of the rainwater will infiltrate, while overland flow predominates on rock salt exposures. Recharge concentration and thick accumulations of fine sediment support relatively rich vegetation cover in some places and even enable local agricultural activity. The source material, diapir relief, climatic conditions and vegetation cover were found to be the main factors affecting the development and erosion of surficial deposits. A difference was found in residuum type and landscape morphology between the relatively humid NW part of the studied area and the arid Persian Gulf coast: In the NW, the medium and thick residuum seems to be stable under current climatic conditions. Large sinkholes and blind valleys with sinking streams are common. On other diapirs, the original thick residuum is undergoing erosion and the new morphology is currently represented by salt exposures and badland-like landscapes or by fields of small sinkholes developed in the thin residuum. Models for evolution of the subaerial residuum and the diapir landscape/morphology are described in this paper. While the thick residuum with vegetation has very low erosion rates, the salt exposures and thin residuum are eroded rapidly. During wet periods (e.g. early Holocene), the diapirs rose and salt glaciers expanded as the influx of salt mass was much faster compared to erosion. After the onset of an arid climate, c. 6 ka BP, the rising of the some diapir surfaces decreased or even reversed due to acceleration of erosion thanks to vegetation degradation and changes in the residuum type and thickness. 相似文献
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The typical loess on high slopes along the BaoLan High-speed Rail, China, was selected as the research object. The influence of the freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet alternation on the shear-strength parameters of the unsaturated loess was investigated by laboratory experimental methods. Moreover, the temperature field, seepage field, and stability of slopes with different gradients were simulated under the effect of the freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet alternation by using the geotechnical analysis software Geo-Studio. The research results showed(1) when the freeze-thaw cycle was repeated on the slope, with the frozen depth increasing, the melted depth did the same; besides, the closed loop of isotherms formed on the slope;(2) under the action of dry-wet circulation, the negative pore-water pressure and volumetric water content showed an upward tendency. However, owing to the different slope gradients, rainfall infiltration was not the same. As time went by, the differences of the negative pore-water pressure and volumetric water content between the slopes of different gradients continued to increase;(3) with the freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet alternation increasing, the slope-safety factor decreased. Especially in the early period, the slope-safety factor changed remarkably. For slopes undergoing freeze-thaw action, the slope-safety factor was negatively correlated with the gradient. However, with regard to slopes undergoing dry-wet alternation, the result became more complex because the slope-safety factor was related to both seepage strength and slope grade. Accordingly, further research is needed to study the effect of seepage strength and slope grade on the stability of loess slopes. 相似文献
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人类土地利用的主要生态后果及其缓解对策 总被引：44，自引：13，他引：31
通过对土地利用尤其是以集约农业为主的土地利用已经产生的陆地生态系统生物侵入、生物多样性损失及碳循环、氮循环和水循环改变等生态后果的综述。主要论述了物种特性及其组成的改变对生态系统的影响及不同特性物种组成对土地利用带来的负面环境效应响应的特点。提出了在建立可持续土地利用的框架体系下,发展精确农业为特色的可持续农业和恢复重建退化生态系统等对策来调控不合理土地利用的负面环境效应。 相似文献
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通过利用2010年1月—2016年12月CALIOP(the Cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polariz?ation)冰云和气溶胶3级月平均产品和MODIS(Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer)大气3级日平均产品研究气溶胶和冰云空间分布特征及气溶胶对冰云的影响。结果表明:纬度与冰云的分布密切相关,在热带附近的高空区域冰云样本数存在极大值区,随着纬度增加,冰云样本数的最大值和大值区所处的高度也在逐渐减小,且南北半球存在差异;气溶胶在地面附近以赤道为对称的低纬度地区存在极大值,北半球气溶胶能发展到5 km左右,而南半球在3 km左右;气溶胶与冰云随时间变化趋势较为一致,冰水含量和冰云粒子半径随时间变化存在相反的关系,气溶胶与冰水含量和冰云粒子半径的变化在时间上没有较好对应;清洁区域由于海盐粒子作用表现出较大的气溶胶光学厚度,但这不影响清洁区具有较小的冰云光学厚度;气溶胶促进了0℃~-10℃和-20℃~-40℃之间的冰云形成;随着温度降低,云中冰水含量减小,冰云粒子半径增大,在污染区域,冰水含量相对于清洁区域更小,冰云粒子半径也小于清洁区域。 相似文献