共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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中国及境外天山铅锌矿床多有发现,如哈萨克斯坦Tekeli、Shalkiya和Achisai,乌兹别克斯坦Kurgashinkan和Uchkulach,塔吉克斯坦Altyntopkan,中国新疆乌拉根、彩霞山、阿齐山、阿尔恰勒等大型—超大型铅锌矿床,构成了天山巨型铅锌成矿带。这些铅锌矿床形成于怎样的地球动力学背景?铅锌成矿的基本地质特征是什么?有哪些重要成矿类型?受何要素控制?未来找矿突破方向在哪里?这些都是颇受关注的地质找矿问题。在广泛矿产地质调查和综合分析前人研究成果的基础上,将中国及境外天山作为整体,综述了天山造山带构造演化和重要铅锌成矿环境、典型矿床特征与成矿系统/成矿类型,总结了天山地区铅锌成矿演化过程,并分析了区域铅锌成矿特点与找矿突破方向。结果表明:天山造山带经历了前寒武纪古陆形成、洋-陆俯冲增生、陆-陆碰撞造山和陆内成盆4个地球动力学过程,先后出现了元古宙古陆边缘裂陷盆地、古生代洋-陆俯冲增生岛弧、晚古生代陆-陆碰撞造山与中—新生代山前/山间盆地4类重要铅锌成矿环境。在元古宙古陆边缘裂陷盆地环境,主要受同生断层、还原性细碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩建造等控制,形成了古陆边缘裂陷盆地铅锌成矿系统与SEDEX型铅锌矿床;在古生代洋-陆俯冲增生岛弧环境,主要受弧岩浆活动、断裂构造、地层等控制,形成了增生岛弧铅锌成矿系统与矽卡岩型、斑岩型、岩浆热液脉型、VMS型铅锌矿床;在晚古生代陆-陆碰撞造山环境,主要受被动陆缘海相碳酸盐岩、张性开放空间、逆冲推覆构造等控制,形成了碰撞造山铅锌成矿系统与MVT型铅锌矿床;在中—新生代山前/山间盆地环境,主要受盆地三元结构、油气运移与红层“漂白”、硫酸盐岩等控制,形成了山前/山间盆地铅锌成矿系统与砂岩型铅锌矿床。由此可见,天山地区存在多种铅锌成矿环境和不同铅锌成矿系统与成矿类型,其铅锌成矿表现出长时间、多期次、多类型叠合成矿和一定继承性的演化特点。尽管沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床(包括SEDEX型、MVT型和砂岩型)在全球铅锌矿产资源中占据主导地位,而在天山地区增生岛弧铅锌成矿系统则占有更为重要的地位,特别是北天山岛弧带,哈萨克斯坦—伊犁板块南、北缘和中天山地块应该给予高度重视。与此同时,哈萨克斯坦—伊犁板块北缘与东天山中天山地块元古界SEDEX型铅锌找矿、境外中天山地块北缘与南天山造山带古生代被动陆缘碳酸盐岩地层MVT型铅锌找矿、新疆西南天山山前/山间盆地砂岩型铅锌找矿前景良好,也仍值得持续关注。 相似文献
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为了明确南海西南次海盆V型尖端地壳岩石圈发生最终裂解的特征及其演化过程,通过精细的构造解释、断层活动性定量分析、不同构造演化阶段盆地原型分析、沉降速率分析、沉降史模拟等方法综合分析表明,南海西南次海盆V型尖端临界破裂区为远端带和洋陆转换带构成的地壳岩石圈强烈伸展区,依据地壳岩石圈几何形态,该区域可进一步划分为箱型域和楔型域。楔型域内盆地原型可划分为断陷盆地（Tb-SD）、拆离盆地（SD-PD）和拗陷盆地（PD-Bi）;箱型域在古新世-渐新世（Tb-SD）盆地原型为断陷盆地,之后该区域进入被动沉降期。新生代以来,南海西南次海盆V型尖端在构造演化过程中,盆地沉降中心由陆向洋方向逐渐迁移,岩浆作用在断拗转换幕发育最强烈,致使岩石圈地壳最终发生裂解。区域资料对比分析表明,南海西南次海盆V型尖端在不同构造带内,盆地构造-地层格架具有差异性,且南海西南次海盆V型尖端经历"双拆离作用"后地壳发生破裂,岩浆侵入,形成原洋洋壳。该认识对南海西南部深水盆地内油气勘探具有重大指示意义。 相似文献
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２０世纪９０年代以来,处于被动大陆边缘与洋盆接壤过渡地带的洋陆转换带（ＯＣＴｓ）因其上覆深水－超深水盆地群具有较大的工业性油气勘探潜力,且本身蕴含了丰富的岩石圈伸展破裂信息而备受关注,已成为当今国际学术研究热点。形成于被动大陆边缘伸展与洋盆扩张背景下的洋陆转换带具有地壳强烈减薄、宽３０～１７０ｋｍ、存在蛇纹岩或蛇纹石化橄榄岩、缺少铁镁质岩浆、梯度变化明显的地震波速度结构、较高的地表热流值等特殊的地质属性特征,根据岩浆活动的频繁与“Ｍｏｈｏ面”双层结构等具体信息将洋陆转换带划分为２型４类,即以岩浆剧烈活动、海倾地震反射体（ＳＤＲｓ）、高密度流体底侵和急剧减薄的陆壳为特征的岩浆型（Ａ 类）和以海倾拆离断层发育、陆壳相对均匀减薄和贫岩浆作用为特征的非岩浆型（Ｂ１、Ｂ２、Ｂ３类）。基于 ＯＣＴｓ构造演化剖析了被动大陆边缘岩石圈伸展裂解进程,并将其总结为３个阶段:第一次纯剪切阶段（弥漫式平均伸展）;简单剪切阶段（聚焦式细颈化－地幔出露）;第二次纯剪切阶段（火山作用－岩石圈完全裂解）。在洋陆转换带的形成过程中,构造变形的“集中－迁移”现象对于上覆的深水－超深水盆地形态结构具有重要的影响作用。国内外 ＯＣＴｓ研究历史和近况的系统调研成果表明,当前南海北部 ＯＣＴｓ研究主要反映各种地球物理参数特点,而对 ＯＣＴｓ的地质属性和界限仍然不清楚。以鹤山凹陷－双峰盆地为例的分析表明,南海北部发育海倾拆离断层和弱火山作用,洋陆转换带宽６０～１７０ｋｍ,东宽西窄,其中鹤山凹陷洋陆转换带宽约５３．９１ｋｍ,为非典型的非岩浆型 Ｂ３类洋陆转换带;鹤山凹陷构造演化受洋陆转换带的形成机制控制。分析洋陆转换带的类型特征与形成机理对于了解南海北部被动大陆边缘构造演化、深水－超深水盆地的成因机理有重要启示作用。 相似文献
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陈文斌 《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2009,6(8):70-72
湖南武陵期沉积盆地是古元古代末或中元古代初期华南古陆块发生大规模裂陷作用形成的,为较成熟的硅铝质陆壳基底上离散型陆间裂谷盆地,经历了盆地形成-发展-萎缩-封闭的演化过程. 相似文献
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商南花岗岩体位于北秦岭造山带商丹断裂北侧，属新元古代花岗岩侵入体。岩石学、岩石地球化学特征研究表明，岩体具Ｉ型或Ｓ型花岗岩的双重特征，属于Ｈ型花岗岩；在构造环境上，又具有火山弧型和同碰撞型花岗岩特点，成岩物质来源于壳幔混合源，形成于华北与扬子古陆块在晋宁期由活动陆缘向碰撞带构造环境转变过渡时期，岩石构造类型属碰撞前（火山弧型）－同碰撞型花岗岩。 相似文献
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昆中断裂东段不同时代蛇绿岩特征及形成环境 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
沿昆中断裂带分布的两套不同类型的蛇绿混杂岩,均属非典型的蛇绿岩套残块(片),是昆中断裂带在漫长的地质演化过程中残留在陆块边缘的洋壳物质。它们在空间上分布于不同的构造部位,时间上分属于元古代和晚古生代。 相似文献
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块状硫化物矿床的类型、分布和形成环境 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
李文渊 《地球科学与环境学报》2007,29(4):331-344
从全球视野全面概括了块状硫化物矿床的成矿背景和成矿类型,突出强调了洋壳和岛弧或陆壳两种成矿环境对成矿类型分类的重要性,并探讨了由于洋、陆转化过程中过渡环境的存在对两种成矿类型亦存在过渡的成矿复杂性,分析评述了块状硫化物矿床在全球各大陆块及其主要造山带中的地质分布和成矿特点。已发现矿床数量北半球明显发育,南半球发现稀少,太古代和中新生代是火山成因块状硫化物矿床的最主要形成期,其次是晚古生代,而中国则以早古生代的发现最为重要,与全球的情况有显著差异。探讨了全球块状硫化物矿床的形成演化和主要形成环境,强调了在地质历史上造山带中可能保存下来代表弧后盆地洋壳环境的蛇绿岩中寻找火山成因块状硫化物矿床的重要性。介绍了利用高场强元素对火山成因块状硫化物矿床构造背景的判别方法。 相似文献
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李乃胜 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2001,19(3):255-264
The Okinawa Trough is a very active tectonic zone at the margin of the Northwest Pacific and is typical of back-arc rifting at the young stage of tectonic evolution. Many scientists from Japan,China, Germany, France, the U. S.A. and Russia have done a lot of geologic and geophysical investigations there. It is well known that the Okinawa Trough is an active back-arc rift with extremely high heat flow, very strong hydrothermal circulation, strong volcanic and magmatic activity, frequent earthquakes,rapid subsidence and rifting, well-developed fault and central graben. But up to now, there are still some important tectonic problems about the Okinawa Trough that require clarification on some aspects such as the type of its crust, its forming time, its tectonic evolution, the distribution of its central grabens, the relationship between its high heat flow and tectonic activity. Based on the data obtained from seismic sur-vey, geomagnetic and gravity measurements, submarine sampling and heat flow measurements in the last 15 years, the author discusses the following tectonic problems about the Okinawa Trough: (1) If the Okinawa Trough develops oceanic crust or not. (2) Is the South Okinawa Trough tectonically more active than the North Okinawa Trough with shallower water and few investigation data on it. (3) The formation time of the Okinawa Trough and its tectonic evolution. The Okinawa Trough has a very thin continental crust. Up to now, there is no evidence of oceanic crust in the Okinawa Trough. The North, Middle and South Okinawa Trough are all very strongly active areas. From 6 Ma B.P. , the Okinawa Trough began to form. Since 2 Ma, the Okinawa Trough has been very active. 相似文献
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As one of the biggest marginal seas in the western Pacific margin, the South China Sea (SCS) experienced continental rifting and seafloor spreading during the Cenozoic. The northern continental margin of the SCS is classified as a passive continental margin. However, its depositional and structural evolution remains controversial, especially in the deep slope area. The lack of data hindered the correlation between continental shelf and oceanic basin, and prevented the establishment of sequence stratigraphic frame of the whole margin. The slope basins in the mid-northern margin of SCS developed in the Cenozoic; the sediments and basin infill recorded the geological history of the continental margin and the SCS spreading. Using multi-channel seismic dataset acquired in three survey cruises during 1987 to 2004, combined with the data of ODP Leg 184 core and industrial wells, we carried out the sequence stratigraphic division and correlation of the Cenozoic in the middle-northern margin of SCS with seismic profiles and sedimentary facies. We interpreted the seismic reflection properties including continuity, amplitude, frequency, reflection terminals, and 15 sequence boundaries of the Cenozoic in the study area, and correlated the well data in geological age. The depositional environment changed from river and lake, shallow bay to open-deep sea, in correspondence to tectonic events of syn-rifting, early drifting, and late drifting stages of basin evolution. 相似文献
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《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,(5)
To reveal the tectonic characteristics of the continental margins in the southwest subbasin(SWB) of the South China Sea,a long high-resolution seismic profile was studied using empty basin subsidence.We find that tectonic subsidence features on both margins are uniformly divided into three stages:(1) slow subsidence from Tg to 18.5 Ma(synrift stage);(2) extremely slow subsidence/uplift from18.5 to 16 Ma(spreading stage);and(3) accelerated subsidence from 16 to 0 Ma(post-spreading stage).This feature differs from the classic tectonic subsidence pattern of rifted basins,which exhibits fast subsidence during synrift stage and slow subsidence during the post-rift stage.The tectonic uplift occurred during the spreading stage and the magnitude increased from the continent to the ocean,which is likely related to mantle flow during seafloor spreading.We propose that lower crustal flow played a significant role in the tectonic evolution of the continental margins of the SWB.The lower crust of the SWB margins was warmer and therefore weaker,and more prone to flow beneath the faulting center,which compensated for the upper crustal thinning caused by brittle faulting during the synrift period and thus reduced the tectonic subsidence rate.During the spreading stage,faulting attenuated rapidly,and a necking zone appeared at the continentocean transition formed by lithospheric extension.With upwelling asthenosphere,small-scale secondary mantle convection occurred under the necking zone,which raised the continental margin isotherms and increased the buoyancy.Simultaneously,secondary mantle convection lifted the overriding crust,thus the overall subsidence rate decreased sharply or even reversed to uplift.After seafloor spreading,the effect of mantle convection faded away,and sediment loading drove the lower crust to flow landward.Thermal relaxation,lower crust flow,and vanish of secondary mantle convection together led to rapid subsidence in this stage. 相似文献
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辽河断陷的中元古代构造演化与华北北缘和郯庐断裂带的构造演化密切相关。大红峪期,华北北缘在大陆裂谷的基础上进一步发展成被动大陆边缘,郯庐断裂带随之响应发生张裂接受沉积。之后海平面升降,辽宁境内表现为杨庄上升和凌源上升,其不整合面均为沉积属性,在这期间,郯庐断裂带与华北北缘一致保持着裂解趋势。由兴城上升至芹峪上升,辽河断陷沉积了大红峪组、高于庄组、杨庄组和雾迷山组,洪水庄组和铁岭组尚待确定。芹峪上升表示华北北缘开始由被动大陆边缘转换成主动大陆边缘,洋壳低角度俯冲使华北北缘挤压抬升并迫使华北克拉通向南挤压,NE向郯庐断裂由张裂转换成挤压滑动,辽河断陷抬升遭受剥蚀。辽河断陷内的杨庄组和雾迷山组可能就在这一时期剥蚀殆尽。随后洋壳高角度俯冲,华北北缘形成弧后盆地,辽河断陷与燕山地区一样沉积下马岭组。蔚县上升为华北北缘陆陆碰撞造成,陆陆碰撞使华北北缘再次抬升,郯庐断裂挤压走滑增强,辽河断陷褶皱抬升,下马岭组遭受剥蚀。直到罗迪尼亚大陆开始裂解,郯庐断裂带再次张裂,辽河断陷沉积长龙山组和景儿峪组。 相似文献
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The Okinawa Trough is different from other typical backarc spreading basins because the acidic vol-canic rock(pumice)is extensively distributed in it.Systematic mineralogical and petrochemical study on arepresentative core(Z14—5)to characterize the magmatic evolution of the Trough during its early spreading stage showed that the pumice magma was originally from the mantle,but underwent full crystallizationdifferentiation and was possibly contaminated by crust-derived material.With time,the acidic volcanic ac-tivities of the Okinawa Trough have an evolutional tendency of shifting to relatively basic magma activity.With further spreading of the Trough the magmatic activity will be intensified and the crust of the Troughwill develop from the transitional type to the oceanic type. 相似文献
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利用谷歌三维地图勾绘出全球海底现今主要断层构造带的分布图,为观察海洋地壳运动与演化过程提供新的方法和视角,对海底活断层的分布和演化机理、海底扩张、地幔对流等方面的深入研究和探索具有重要意义。 相似文献
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南秦岭碧口群岩石组合特征及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
裴先治 《地球科学与环境学报》1989,(2)
碧口群是扬子板块西北缘中晚元古代古海沟—岛弧体系的重要组成部分。岩石组合、岩石化学及稀土元素特征研究表明,其下部为蛇绿岩组合,以大洋E型拉斑玄武岩为特征,代表古俯冲杂岩;上部为重力流沉积组合,以火山质碎屑浊积岩及陆源碎屑浊积岩为特征,类似于海沟型复理石组合,代表古海沟堆积。同时构造变形及变质作用特征表明,在蛇绿岩分布区发育有大型韧性剪切带和高压低温变质的蓝闪片岩。由此可见碧口群属于中晚元古代扬子板块西北缘的古海沟—俯冲地体。 相似文献
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辽北太古宙花岗质岩石及层状变质岩系的研究表明,它们均形成于太古代的大陆边缘环境。早太古代以前(大于3000Ma),本区已发育了成分不均匀的原始地壳,后期表壳岩系沉积在这种地壳的裂谷当中并发生了麻粒岩相变质作用;大约在2800—2500Ma,发生大规模花岗质岩石侵位,形成英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩的结晶分异趋势;太古代晚期,由于地壳的增生迥返,先存岩石发生角闪岩相变质作用和深熔作用,形成钾长花岗岩的定位,并形成钙碱性的演化趋势。在整个太古宙地质演化过程中变形作用一直贯穿始终。 相似文献
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不整合事件对于认识陆陆碰撞具有重要意义。羌塘-拉萨地体碰撞时间一直存在争议,其主要原因是"碰撞时间"定义不同,就不整合事件发生时间来说存在两种定义;一是与碰撞缝合带有关的区域性不整合的时间,早白垩世末(100 Ma);二是洋壳消失,大陆之间陆壳初始的接触时间,盆地边缘不整合事件,即中侏罗世晚期(166 Ma)。针对上述问题,选取2种不同定义下的羌塘盆地内不整合面:北雷错西南与安多114道班地区不整合面进行研究。114道班地区下伏安山岩岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄为77 Ma,结合国内外学者对羌塘-拉萨地体碰撞时间的研究成果,认为羌塘-拉萨地体碰撞,发生强烈相互作用的初始时间为早白垩世末100 Ma,持续时间范围100~75 Ma。北雷错西南陆相地层最大沉积年龄为94 Ma,综合年代学、沉积学以及地层产状,认为该地层为新生代康托组,而非前人中侏罗世晚期"毕洛错组"的认识,进而认为羌塘-拉萨地体之间陆壳初始的接触时间不可能为166 Ma,但是一定早于100 Ma。 相似文献