共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 268 毫秒
1.
岩体变形和破坏的各种应力途径 总被引：18，自引：4，他引：14
在真三轴应力状态下进行了各种应力途径的岩石变形和破坏实验。实验表明,三个主应力的变化(最大主应力的增加,最小主应力的减小,围压的减小以及中间主应力的增加或减小)都能引起岩石变形和破坏。而且岩石的强度、延性和脆性、体积变化和破坏前兆等都与应力途径有关。据根试验结果探讨了岩体工程中的应力途径问题。 相似文献
2.
茂木岩石真三轴压缩仪的结构及特点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
茂木清夫教授,从1960年开始致力于岩石的三轴压缩实验的研究.经过近十年的努力,对Von Karman型普通三轴压缩仪进行了重要的改进,并研制成功了世界上第一台岩石真三轴仪.它能够在均匀的真三轴应力状态下研究岩石的力学特性. 相似文献
3.
用单轴压缩试验测试岩石凯塞尔效应特征，进而确定岩体地应力状态的方法，在岩体工程实践中得到广泛的应用。然而实际岩体几乎都处于三向地应力状态，岩石在三向压缩下的凯塞尔效应特征如何，直接关系到利用该方法测定的岩体地应力的可靠性。作者根据长石石英砂岩在三向压缩下的凯塞尔效应测试资料，对长石石英砂岩的三轴凯塞尔效应进行了分析，得到了长石石英砂岩凯塞尔效应与围压的关系，三轴压应力状态和单轴压缩应力状态下该类岩石凯塞尔效应的区别。 相似文献
4.
影响地下应力状态的构造作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
成岩成矿的外部条件中压力是很重要的因素。地下岩石所受的压力不仅来自上覆岩石的重力，而且来自构造力和热力及其它力。这些力合成一个三轴不等的应力状态，相当一个以最短轴为半径的球状应力迭加一个差应力。前者影响成岩成矿和变质作用，后者控制岩石变形和组构的变化。通过三维应变应力测量，这两部分力通过计算是可以区分开的，因而这将是建立地下深度测算新方法的一个基础。 相似文献
5.
岩石的强度特性受很多因素的影响,加载速率是其中很重要的影响因素之一.利用扰动状态概念理论,建立了非线弹性岩石材料的本构模型.采用RMT-150B岩石力学试验机对砂岩试件进行了四种不同加载速率下的单轴压缩试验,得到了不同加载速率下砂岩的应力-应变全过程曲线,并分析了加载速率对岩石强度特性的影响.通过建立的扰动状态本构模型对岩石的应力-应变关系进行了模拟.相关研究及分析比较表明,该模型与试验结果较为一致. 相似文献
6.
高孔隙性软弱砂岩在一般三轴应力状态下的力学特性 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文作者利用茂木清夫教授的岩石真三轴压缩仪,研究了抗压强度为300公斤/匣米2左右,孔隙度高选27%,容重仅为1.85克/厘米3的高孔隙性软弱砂岩的力学特性.在室温下,把围压加到500公斤/厘米2,就观测到变形和破坏特性,从脆性过渡到韧性的全过程.同时,分别在50和100公斤/厘米2的恒定围压下,成功地把中间主应力σ2从σ2=σ3的下限加到σ2=σ1的上限,观测到强度随中间主应力的增长而连渐增加到最大值后又逐渐下降的全过程;在100公斤/厘米2的恒定围压下以及σ3=100,σ2=295公斤/厘米2的一般三轴应力状态下。 相似文献
7.
土石坝所处的应力状态较接近平面应变应力状态或三维应力状态,而常规三轴试验低估了粗粒料的力学性能。应用大型真三轴仪对常规三轴应力状态、平面应变应力状态和真三轴应力状态（ 0.25, 为中主应力系数, 、 、 分别为大、中、小主应力）下粗粒料的力学特性进行了压缩试验研究。试验结果表明：相同小主应力下,常规三轴试验、平面应变试验、真三轴试验的大、小主应力之差与大主应力方向应变的关系曲线依次变高变陡。某一试验加载条件下,体应变随球应力的增大而增大,初始剪切阶段增加较慢,随后呈线性增大,不同小主应力的体应变曲线较为接近。平面应变试验强度和真三轴试验强度比常规三轴试验强度有较大增长,真三轴试验强度增加百分比大于平面应变试验强度增加百分比。初始弹性模量随小主应力的增大呈线性增大。平面应变状态下中主应力系数随大主应力方向应变的增大而增大,初始剪切阶段增长较缓,之后近似呈线性增大。相同小主应力下,从常规三轴应力状态至平面应变应力状态再到真三轴应力状态,小主应力方向应变均为膨胀变形,且膨胀变形依次增大。同一试验加载条件下,小主应力较小时,应力比（偏应力与球应力之比）与偏应变的关系曲线位于上方。 相似文献
8.
三向应力状态下单结构面岩石试样破坏机制与真三轴试验研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
针对含结构面岩石的脆性破坏现象,探讨了三向应力条件下岩体破坏的单结构面控制效应。利用真三轴试验进行验证,系统研究了单结构面岩石试样在模拟工程岩体开挖卸荷与支护应力路径下的力学行为、结构控制规律及声发射（AE）特征等。研究表明,(1) 三向应力下单结构面控制效应能够较好地描述工程岩体的结构控制规律和卸荷、支护作用,真三轴试验结果与理论分析较为吻合;(2) 开挖卸荷与支护应力路径下,含结构面岩体的破坏模式、卸荷的影响和支护效果等均与应力状态、支护强度及结构面参数有关,可依据结构控制规律,从工程方位布置、提供合理支护等方面采取措施避免岩体发生结构控制破坏;(3) 试样的AE活动和能量释放规律与完整试样相似,但结构面的存在降低了试样储能能力,且95 %以上的应变能在破坏阶段突然释放。试验研究和结构面控制效应的探讨对地下工程岩体开挖支护有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
9.
岩石所受的三向应力状态对其弹性波传播性质有一定的影响，此认识为所做的以泥质砂岩、泥岩和硅质胶结的坚硬砂岩为试样的实验所证实。实验结果表明，泥质砂岩和泥岩的ｖＰ／ｖＳ值几乎保持不变，硬质砂岩的ｖＰ／ｖＳ曲线却在应力达破坏荷载的９０％左右出现下凹现象。经热处理后的硬质砂岩这一下凹现象则更突出 相似文献
10.
粗粒料所处的应力状态具有随时间和空间而变的特点,往往处于较复杂的三维应力状态下。通过粗粒料大型真三轴各向等压固结等比例加载试验,研究了不同中主应力系数条件下粗粒料的强度特性。试验结果表明：中主应力对粗粒料的强度有重要影响,三维应力状态下,粗粒料的强度比常规三轴应力状态下有较大提高,大小主应力之差与大主应变关系曲线也更加陡峭;中主应力系数b从0增大到0.25时,破坏时大小主应力之差增加了39%～50%;摩尔–库仑强度参数咬合力c和内摩擦角? 均随着中主应力系数b的增大而增大,其中咬合力c的增长较为显著,特别是b从0增大到0.25时;相同小主应力条件下,b = 0时,破坏偏应力与球应力之比最小,b = 0.25时,破坏应力比达到最大值,随着b的增大破坏应力比又有所减小;相同中主应力系数条件下,随着小主应力的增大,破坏应力比逐渐减小。 相似文献
11.
K?MOGI Prof. 《岩土力学》1980,2(1):1-14
Recent laboratory studies of the flow and fracture of rocks under general triaxial compression are reviewed .New Developments in laboratory techniques have made it possible to measure three principal stresses and strains under general triaxial stress states ,in which all three principal stresses are different . Strength and ductility of isotropic rocks are markedly affected not only by the least compression σ3 ,although these two effects are rather additional in strength ,but opposite in ductility .The experimental results show that dilatancy is highly anisotropic rocks have been also measured under the general triaxial compression .In this case ,the effect of the intermediate compression markedly depends on the orientations of the weak planes. 相似文献
12.
Xu Dong-jun 《岩土力学》1982,3(1):13-25
The mechanical properties of weak porous sandstone with uniaxial compressive strength of about 300kg/cm2 , porosity as high as 27% and bulk density 1.85 g/cm3 , were investigated experimentally by using Mogil’s true triaxial compressive apparatus. The properties of deformation and failure, in the whole process from brittleness to ductility, were observed by bringing confining pressure up to 500 kg/cm2 under room temperature . The intermediate principal stress was successfully brought up from the lowest limit. σ2=σ3 to the highest limit , σ2=σ1 under constant confining pressure, 50 and 100 kg/cm2 respectively. The whole process that the strength increases gradually to a maximum and then decreases gradually with increasing of intermediate principal stress under constant σ3 was observed . Failure and flow were effecfed not due to volume dilatancy but rather du to compression of volume under constant confining stress of 100 kg/cm 2 and a general triaxial stress state of σ3 =100 kg/cm2 , σ2=295kg/cm2 . For hard rocks , this behavior can be observed possibly only under higher temperatures and pressures. The experimental result shows that the ductility and coefficient of strain hardening are increased in proportion to the intermediate stress σ2 under constant σ3 . This is different from the behavior of hard rocks. 相似文献
13.
The rock deformation and failure tests are performed along various stress paths under true triaxial stress state.
The experimental results have shown that the change of three principal stresses (the increase of the maximum principal stress, the decrease of the minimum principal stress, the decrease of the confining pressure and the increase or decrease of the intermediate principal stress ) can lead to deformation and failure in rocks. The strength, the deformability and the failure precursors of rocks are related with stress paths.
Based on the results of the study, the problems of the stress path in rock engineering are discussed. 相似文献
14.
15.
This paper gives an overview of the published literature on laboratory testing of the stress dependence of rock-permeability.
Additionally results of personal research on the stress dependence of the permeability of a low-porosity sandstone are presented.
Stress-dependent permeability is examined in the laboratory under different stress fields and stress paths, depending on the
intended application of the research. The most commonly applied stress paths are hydrostatic compression, triaxial compression,
uniaxial strain conditions, and testing under a constant stress path. The published results of several studies on different
rock types under one or more of the mentioned stress conditions are described and compared.
A general trend of permeability evolution under hydrostatic and triaxial conditions can be established for sandstones and
some crystalline rocks such as granite or rocksalt. For uniaxial strain tests and stress path tests the published results
are limited to a few rock types (mainly sandstones). Therefore, a general conclusion for the stress dependence of permeability
under these conditions is not possible.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
16.
Xu Dong – jun 《岩土力学》1980,2(3):77-84
Through an important modification of the conventional triaxial compression ,a new triaxial apparatus was developed by Prof .Mogi about ten years ago .this devices has made possible to study the fundamental properties of rock deformation and fracture under the more general triaxial states of stress ,in which all three principal streets are different .
In order to help the designing work of such apparatus to be carried out in China ,this paper presents in detail the bases of the modifications and structural features of the true triaxial compression apparatus .prof.Mogi’s advices about design and device developed in the institute are also given. 相似文献
17.
PT3型岩石高压真三轴仪的研制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
This paper introduces the structural characters and functions of the rock high pressure true triaxial machine newly developed and some research results with this machine. By the rock high pressure true triaxial machine, three principal stresses can be controlled and changed independently, so that any stress state and stress path in engineering rock mass and earth’s crust can be simulated. It is an important development of Karman type general triaxial machine.
By RT3 type rock high pressure true triaxial machine, the maximum principal stress can be applied up to 800 MPa, the intermediate and minimum principal stress up to 200 MPa. The strains and parameters of sonic wave in the directions of three principal stresses can also be determined. The machine is used well for studying the basic theory on rock mechanics, the stability of engineering rock mass and the behaviors of earthquake precursors. 相似文献