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1.
The diurnal and semidiurnal tidal wind field variations in the altitudes between 80 and 100 km of the earth’s atmosphere over a mid-latitude station are studied by means of the phases of the zonal and meridional wind measurements made at Atlanta (34oN, 84oW). The rotation of diurnal tidal wind vector is seen to be clockwise at lower heights (80-86 km), swinging between clockwise and unti-clockwise at intermediate heights (88-96 km) and anti-clockwise at higher-heights (96- 100 km). The senses of rotation of diurnal and semidiurnal tidal wind vectors are compared between the stations located in the same and opposite hemispheres. The results are consistent with the tidal theory in the case of Atlanta and Adelaide (35oS, 139oE) whereas in the case of other stations considered in the present study, they showed marked variations. 相似文献
2.
A. S. Zayakhanov G. S. Zhamsueva V. V. Tsydypov T. S. Bal’zhanov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(12):846-852
Presented are the results of surface ozone monitoring in the atmosphere over Ulan-Ude during the period from 2000 to 2012. Revealed are seasonal and diurnal variations of surface ozone. The analysis of the seasonal variability of surface ozone concentration indicates the presence of the clearly pronounced maximum in spring-summer period. A statistical model of forecasting single concentrations of the surface ozone is considered using the multiple regression analysis. Temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, wind speed, turbulence factor, temperature gradient, velocity of vertical flow, and concentrations of minor gas admixtures such as nitrogen oxides are used as predictors. Analyzed are statistical relationships, where observed ozone values are presented in the form of the regression function of the most significant predictors. 相似文献
3.
Lee R. Hoxit 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1975,8(1):21-38
Windsonde data gathered over a nine-year period at three stations in the Southeast U.S. are stratified by season and by time
of observation to provide average profiles depicting the diurnal variations in low-level winds. Significant variations are
found (especially during the summer months) in wind speed, angle between wind direction and isobars, and the various terms
of the kinetic energy budget equation.
A qualitative model of the diurnal variations in planetary boundary-layer winds (over land) is developed.
From a thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Colorado State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree, Doctor of Philosophy. 相似文献
4.
M. A. Lokoshchenko 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2014,39(4):218-227
Presented are the results of the sounding of the lower atmospheric 500-meter layer for the period of 2004–2012 carried out at the Meteorological Observatory of the Moscow State University (MSU) with the MODOS Doppler acoustic radar (sodar) produced by METEK (Germany). Discussed is the methodological basis of the sodar wind data analysis. It is demonstrated that in the air layer up to 200 m the maximum values in the annual course of the wind speed are observed more often in autumn and winter, and the minimum values, in summer; this is associated with the fact that during the cold period of the year Moscow is often located in the zones of intense gradient currents. The diurnal course of the wind speed is characterized by the daytime maximum and night-time minimum in the layer up to 40–60 m from the surface; it is poorly pronounced and characterized by the minimum in the morning in the layer of 80–120 m; and the daytime minimum and night-time maximum are observed above 140–160 m. The layer from 80 to 120 m approximately corresponds to the height of the wind rotation. The amplitude of diurnal variations of the wind speed increases from 0.3 m/s at the height of 7 m and 0.6 m/s at the height of 15 m, to 4.5 m/s at the height of 400 m; however, its secondary minimum (0.5 m/s) associated with the rotation height is registered at the altitude of 80 m. The statistical relationship between the wind speed and surface air temperature is direct during the cold season, inverse during the warm season, and is absent in April and October. The average maximum wind speed over Moscow for ten minutes in the layer up to 500 m from the surface reaches 30–35 m/s in some cases if two conditions concur: the capital is located on the periphery of vast pressure formations (usually of deep cyclones) and the local low-level jet stream is present in the wind profile. 相似文献
5.
利用2014—2018年辽宁省探空资料分析了水平风速的垂直风廓线分布特征。用2座代表性测风塔逐时梯度风观测分析了采用不同高度组合方案计算出风切变指数的月、日变化特征, 分别用月、小时、年风切变指数推算高层风速和风功率密度, 并与实测对比。结果表明: 沈阳相较于大连地区风速随高度增加较快, 180 m高度以上风速基本保持不变, 而大连因其纬度低且靠近海洋, 300 m以下风速均匀上升。在非复杂地形情况下, 距地面10 m高度以上间隔一定高度设立4层风观测, 基本可以满足近地层风资源评估需求。受太阳辐射、下垫面、海陆热力性质差异等影响, 辽宁省风切变指数日变化特征比月变化更显著。利用小时风切变指数推算高层风速和风功率密度的方案优于采用月、年风切变指数方案。风切变指数日变化越显著, 采用逐时风切变指数推算方案越优于其他计算方案。 相似文献
6.
An emission inventory containing emissions from traffic and other sources was complied. Based on the analysis, Carbon Monoxide （CO） emissions from traffic play a very important role in CO levels in Chiang Mai area. Analysis showed that CO emissions from traffic during rush hours contributed approximately 90% of total CO emissions. Regional Atmospheric Modeling System （RAMS） was applied to simulate wind fields and temperatures in the Chiang Mai area, and eight ca~es were selected to study annual variations in wind fields and temperatures. Model results can reflect major features of wind fields and diurnal variations in temperatures. For evaluating the model performance, model results were compared with observed wind speed, wind direction and temperature, which were monitored at a meteorological tower. Comparison showed that model results are in good agreement with observations, and the model captured many of the observed features. HYbrid Particle And Concentration Transport model （HYPACT） was used to simulate CO concentration in the Chiang Mai area. Model results generally agree well with observed CO concentrations at the air quality monitoring stations, and can explain observed CO diurnal variations. 相似文献
7.
Liming Zhou Yuhong Tian Somnath Baidya Roy Yongjiu Dai Haishan Chen 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(2):307-326
This paper analyzes seasonal and diurnal variations of MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) data at ~1.1 km for the period of 2003–2011 over a region in West-Central Texas, where four of the world’s largest wind farms are located. Seasonal anomalies are created from MODIS Terra (~10:30 a.m. and 10:30 p.m. local solar time) and Aqua (~1:30 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. local solar time) LSTs, and their spatiotemporal variability is analyzed by comparing the LST changes between wind farm pixels (WFPs) and nearby non wind farm pixels (NNWFPs) using different methods under different quality controls. Our analyses show consistently that there is a warming effect of 0.31–0.70 °C at nighttime for the nine-year period during which data was collected over WFPs relative to NNWFPs, in all seasons for both Terra and Aqua measurements, while the changes at daytime are much noisier. The nighttime warming effect is much larger in summer than winter and at ~10:30 p.m. than ~1:30 a.m. and hence the largest warming effect is observed at ~10:30 p.m. in summer. The spatial pattern and magnitude of this warming effect couple very well with the geographic distribution of wind turbines and such coupling is stronger at nighttime than daytime and in summer than winter. Together, these results suggest that the warming effect observed in MODIS over wind farms are very likely attributable to the development of wind farms. This inference is consistent with the increasing number of operational wind turbines with time during the study period, the diurnal and seasonal variations in the frequency of wind speed and direction distribution, and the changes in near-surface atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) conditions due to wind farm operations. The nocturnal ABL is typically stable and much thinner than the daytime ABL and hence the turbine enhanced vertical mixing produces a stronger nighttime effect. The stronger wind speed and the higher frequency of the wind speed within the optimal power generation range in summer than winter and at nighttime than daytime likely drives wind turbines to generate more electricity and turbulence and consequently results in the strongest warming effect at nighttime in summer. Similarly, the stronger wind speed and the higher frequency of optimal wind speed at ~10:30 p.m. than that at ~1:30 a.m. might help explain, to some extent, why the nighttime LST warming effect is slightly larger at ~10:30 p.m. than ~1:30 a.m. The nighttime warming effect seen in spring and fall are smaller than that in summer and can be explained similarly. 相似文献
8.
延庆-张家口地区复杂地形冬季山谷风特征分析 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
基于2016年12月—2017年2月和2017年12月—2018年2月两年冬季的近地面自动气象站逐时观测数据以及张家口探空数据分析延庆-张家口一带（包括张家口崇礼、赤城、海坨、小五台山区,延怀、怀涿、洋河、蔚县盆地以及北京延庆、昌平、怀柔部分平原地区）复杂地形的风场精细化时、空分布特征,揭示不同复杂地形下局地风场的时、空变化规律,加深对复杂地形动力、热力作用对近地面风场影响的认识,为冬季山区风场预报以及复杂地形数值模式改进提供参考。结果表明:晴朗小风天风持续性作为矢量平均风速和标量平均风速的比值,可以作为研究风场变化规律的重要参数。根据风持续性的日变化特征,可以将研究区域内所有站点分为10种类型,分别代表不同局地地形特征的影响,风持续与风向变化的相关也很强。研究区域主要有3种类型的地形风:斜坡风、峡谷风以及较大尺度的山区平原风。不同地形特征下的风场、风持续性存在明显不同的日变化特征,山风和谷风相互转化的时间也不同,山区最早,盆地次之,平原区最晚;山风时段持续时间较谷风时段长,风速小;晴朗小风天实测风反映了实际风场的特征,而排除环境背景风场,弱化地形动力作用后整个冬季的局地风作为理论山谷风,更能反映热力作用下的山谷风特征。 相似文献
9.
Carole J. Hahn 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1981,21(2):231-245
Diurnal wind variations are examined at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory which is located 25 km east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Data were obtained from a 300-m tower which was instrumented at eight levels and operated almost continuously for three weeks during September 1978. Observations on clear days, for which the diurnal heating and cooling of the local terrain slopes can be expected to affect the winds, show that daytime winds tend to be easterly (upslope) throughout the 300-m depth. At night, a temperature inversion typically develops to about 100 m. Below this level, the nocturnal flow tends to be downslope; above the inversion, a distinctly different regime of flow develops. A diurnal wind oscillation, characterized by strong southerly flow beginning near sunset and ending near midnight, occurred in the upper layer on 25% of the days during the study period. Rapid clockwise rotation of the wind vector occurred during the period of increased wind speed. This oscillation occurred only on days when the synoptic-scale geostrophic wind was southerly. It is suggested that this non-steady state behavior is an inertial oscillation affected by the diurnally varying temperature gradients and local topography. 相似文献
10.
Diurnal Variations of Summer Precipitation in the Beijing Area and the Possible Effect of Topography and Urbanization 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The present study examined the diurnal variations of summer precipitation in the Beijing area by using subdaily precipitation and wind observations. A combined effect of topography and urbanization on the characteristics of diurnal variations was suggested. It was shown that stations located in the plain areaexhibited typical night rain peaks, whereas those in the mountainous area exhibited clear afternoon peaks ofprecipitation diurnal variations. The precipitation peaks were associated with wind fields around the Beijing area, which were found to be highly modulated by mountain-valley circulation and urban-country circulation.The lower-tropospheric wind exhibited a clear diurnal shift in its direction from north at 0800 LST to southat 2000 LST, which reflected mountain-valley circulation. The transitions from valley to mountain windand the opposite generally happened after sunset and sunrise, respectively, and both occurred earlier for thestations located closer to mountains. By comparing the diurnal variations of precipitation at stations in anortheast suburb, an urban area, and a southwest suburb, it was revealed that the northeast suburb grouphad the highest normalized rainfall frequency, but the southwest group had the lowest from late afternoon tolate evening. On the contrary, in the early morning from about 0200 to 1000 LST, the southwest group andurban group had the highest normalized rainfall frequency. This pattern might originate from the combined effects of mountain-valley topography and urbanization. 相似文献
11.
Two cases of low-level jet events and the interaction of the involved physical processes are investigated. The vertical distribution of the dominant atmospheric motions is studied, using data from a SODAR-RASS system and in situ instrumentation, at a coastal region of the Eastern Mediterranean (Messogia Plain in Attica—Greece). The first low-level jet (LLJ) case was observed during the cold period, after the passage of a cold front and could be characterized as purely synoptic. Coherent inertial motions were found to follow the frontal surface at both the wind components, with larger amplitudes at the alongfront wind component, a fact consistent with the deformation theory. The contribution of the diurnal cycle was found weak in both the components, due to the cloudiness and the small diurnal temperature range, while the synoptic scale dominated the northerly wind component. The second LLJ case represents two successive summertime large-scale jets. The absence of cloudiness and the increased solar radiation provided a favorable environment for the development of local flows which interacted with the synoptic wind field. This interaction led to a LLJ with an oscillating core and a variable depth. The diurnal cycle had a strong imprint on the wind component along the sea breeze direction (easterly), while the synoptic variations dominated the northerly wind component. Strong amplitudes of a coherent quasi 2-day variation were also found in both the cases. 相似文献
12.
利用2004—2007年SA34（北京大学）站的GPS观测数据,运用GAMIT软件解算反演了间隔30min的连续变化大气水汽总量（PW）。与北京南郊观测场得到的探空结果作比较,均方根误差（RMSE）在2~3mm之间。通过对大气水汽作月平均,得到每月的大气水汽总量口变化曲线,并初步分析了夏季水汽日变化与地面比湿、降水、地面气温以及地面风矢量的关系。结果表明:北京地区夏季7月大气水汽总量最小值出现在08:00（北京时）左右,8月大气水汽总量最小值出现在08:00到12:00左右（各年表现出一定的差异）,夏季大气水汽总量的最大值出现在01:00到03:00;7月和8月的日变化在夜间变化趋势有所不同;大气水汽总量最大值出现时刻与地面小时降水有一定相关性,且大气水汽总量的日变化明显受风矢量日变化的影响。通过对大气水汽总量的时间序列进行小波分析,得到1年大部分时间里,水汽变化存在大约12d的周期。采用前期的大气水汽总量平均值和短时大气水汽总量增量两个条件进行降水的判断,认为夏季降水的出现时刻与差值的高值区有比较好的对应。 相似文献
13.
The diurnal variation of surface winds off the coast of Oregon is described and compared with a recent analysis of winds off the coast of Peru. The Oregon wind speeds have a distinct 24-h periodicity, while the Peru wind speeds were reported to have an irregular 12-h variation. The long-and trans-shore components of both winds exhibit 24-h periodicities; the ratio of the long-shore to trans-shore diurnal amplitudes off Oregon is 2.8, twice the ratio found off Peru. Although meteorological conditions off Oregon were quasi-stationary during the period investigated, there were considerable day-to-day variations in diurnal amplitudes and phases. Diurnal amplitudes were found to be correlated with the daily mean long-shore winds. 相似文献
14.
In order to understand the activity characteristics of low-level jets in the Nanjing area, statistical analysis and comparative study are carried out on their monthly and diurnal variations, characteristics of their cores and accompanying weather conditions using wind profile data in 2005—2008 collected by two wind profilers. The results show that low-level jets have significant monthly and diurnal variations. They occur more frequently in spring and summer than in autumn and winter and are more active in early morning and at night, with the maximum wind speed usually occurring at midnight. The central part of the low-level jet occurs mainly at the height of less than 1400 meters, and the enhancement of central speed is beneficial to the appearance of precipitation. Meanwhile, when the low-level jet appears in summer, it helps cause heavy rain. The statistical results of the boundary wind profiler are well consistent with those of the tropospheric wind profiler. Two kinds of wind profilers also have the capability of continuously detecting the development of low-level jets. 相似文献
15.
利用平矩阵风廓线雷达于2007年7月17日至9月28日对上海世博园规划区上空的风垂直分布进行了观测.通过分析该地上空三维风场的日变化,发现夜间以偏西气流为主,白天风速较小,以偏东气流为主,表明该地区以海陆风为主导的环流特征是这一地区的局地环流日变化的基本特征.逐日变化分析表明,在8月2日以前主要以偏西北气流为主,之后基本是以东南气流为主,并且垂直运动特征以上升气流为主,强烈的垂直运动与偏西气流相关密切,同时偏北气流往往带来较强的上升运动.日夜平均廓线分析表明,夜间风速较大,并且夜间风速的垂直变化与白天相比也有很大不同,白天270 m以下风速随高度基本不变,而夜间从近地面向上风速随高度逐渐增大,低层<90 m的范围内白天风速大于夜间风速.城市冠层以上风向的日夜变化不明显,多为偏北气流控制.城郊风廓线的对比表明受城市下垫面粗糙度的影响,城市风速明显比郊区减小.城市和郊区的水平风速变化在城市冠层以上比较接近,相关系数达到了87%. 相似文献
16.
利用厦门机场2000～2002三年白天（08～20时）逐时能见度及相应的相对湿度、风资料，通过统计方法和小波分析，发现厦门能见度有显著的日变化、季节变化、季节内和准两周等不同尺度的变化，并且分析了这几种变化的基本特征。在每天有记录的时刻08～20时，能见度日变化明显，在清晨、傍晚最低，午后最高；能见度存在季节变化，在一年中3～5月能见度最低，这正对应着厦门的雾季，厦门地区的能见度与当地的雾关系密切；能见度还存在显著的季节内（30～60d）变化和准双周（10～20d）变化，这与东亚季风区内的大气振荡有关。 相似文献
17.
Cloud microphysical processes associated with the diurnal variations of tropical convection: A 2D cloud resolving modeling study 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Summary Cloud microphysical processes associated with the diurnal variations of tropical convection are investigated based on hourly
data from a 2D coupled ocean-cloud resolving atmosphere simulation. The model is forced by the large-scale vertical velocity
and zonal wind derived from TOGA COARE for a 50-day period. The diurnal composites are carried out in weak diurnal SST variations
(case W) and strong diurnal SST signals (case S). The ice water path is larger than the liquid water path in case W than it
is in case S. The difference is enhanced in the morning in case W and in the early afternoon in case S when the surface rain
rates reach their peaks. Further comparison of cloud microphysics budgets, associated with rainfall peaks, between cases S
and W shows that solar heating in case S warms air to reduce the contribution of vapor deposition to cloud growth, which decreases
ice water path compared to those in case W. While the collection of cloud water by rain is a major contributor to the surface
precipitation in both cases, the melting of precipitation ice (sum of snow and graupel) contributes less to the rainfall in
case S than in case W. 相似文献
18.
民航广汉机场气象能见度的周期性变化特征的初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于民航广汉机场1986~1995年每日逐时气象能见度的观测资料,利用相关性分析,功率谱分析、带通滤波,以及小波分析等方法,分析和研究了广汉机场气象能见度的周期性变化特征。研究结果表明,机场能见度的变化与机场相对湿度和低云量呈显著负相关,与机场地面温度和地面风速呈正相关特征。广汉机场气象能见度的变化明显具有10~20d的准双周振荡特征和30~50d准周期性季节内振荡特征。 相似文献
19.
河西走廊风能变化及储量 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用河西走廊地区1970~2004年风速气候资料和2004年9月至2005年8月风塔精细资料,研究了河西走廊风能资源特征。结果表明:河西走廊地区环境风速比较稳定,在气候上没有明显的减小趋势;绿洲内风速下降明显。风能分布存在区域差别,存在2个风能大值区域。全区风能普遍较高,10 m层内风能密度都在100 W/m2以上,大部分地方在150 W/m2以上,大值地带在200 W/m2以上;在10~70 m高度层风能随高度按线性关系增长,平均每升高10 m风能增加28 W/m2;70 m层普遍在300 W/m2以上。河西走廊风能存在日和年变化,2~6月是风能密集阶段;距地面10 m高度处风能在07:00前后处于低值,从08:00以后不断增大,到18:00前后达到日最大,然后逐渐减小。河西走廊年有效风速时数普遍在6000 h以上,大值区接近7500 h。 相似文献
20.
Resumé Les donées moyennes relatives à deux années de mesures continues du radon à 1.5–30 et 100 m au-dessus du sol sont présentées sous forme de variations diurnes standard; ces dernières sont étudiées par une analyse de Fourier (amplitude et phase). On précise l'évolution des variations au cours du cycle annuel.Le but de l'étude des donées moyennes étant d'accéder aux informations relatives à la variation diurne des échanges, on a recherché des relations entre la variation diurne standard des concentrations et celles des échanges; d'autre part on a défini des critères, déduits des paramètres météorologiques, classiques susceptibles de caracteriser l'intensité de la variation diurne des échanges.
Equipe de Recherche Associée au CNRS, No. 378. 相似文献
Continuous measurement of radon concentrations at, 1.5, 30 and 100 m has been carried out for 2 years, from October 1966 to October 1968. The mean diurnal variations of the concentrations are characterized in a simple manner using a Fourier analysis, revealing the diurnal and annual waves, and showing the variations with altitude of the radon concentrations. The amplitude of this diurnal wave can be considered as representative of the mean diurnal variation of the intensity of the vertical exchange processes.This method of analysis is applied to the study of influence of standard meteorological elements measured at the site on the diurnal variation of the exchanges. Additional indicators are derived from temperature, humidity and wind (speed and direction) measurements, and their daily cycles (mean winds, mean direction, temperature diurnal variation amplitude...) are shown to be related to the cycles of radon concentrations.The mean diurnal variations of the radon concentrations classified according to several meteorological parameters are used to characterize the intensity of mixing, in terms of a mixing coefficient.This characterization is achieved both from the average gradients (local value) and from the diurnal wave at the soil.
Equipe de Recherche Associée au CNRS, No. 378. 相似文献