共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The level of scattered radiation is analyzed using data of diurnal solar coronograph observations at the Mountain Astronomic Station in the period 1957?C2010 around coronal spectral lines at 5303 ? and 6374 ?. The observations were performed near the solar limb and were normalized by the intensity of the solar disk center. The measurements revealed variations on different timescales: seasonal variations, local maxima on timescales of a few years, and long-term trends. The local changes in the level of scattered radiation were found to be probably due to volcanic eruptions. An analysis revealed a tendency towards an increased in scattered radiation by approximately 40% during the last 50 years. The variations in the level of scattered radiation are compared with the concentration of atmospheric aerosols. The long-term growth in scattered radiation compares well with changes in the Earth??s near-surface temperature and is possibly associated with global climate change. 相似文献
2.
Ground-based observations of the spectral sky radiance within the totality region during a total solar eclipse are of significant interest because the contribution from direct and single scattered light from the solar disk is eliminated. In the present paper, we develop a numerical model of the spectral sky radiance during totality, evaluate the contribution of double scattered sunlight to the sky radiance at totality and compare it to solar corona emissions. The results show that the single scattered coronal light is the major contaminant in ground-based observations of the corona, opposite to what was believed before. For observation directions outside the corona the double scattered sun radiation dominates over the single scattered coronal light. 相似文献
3.
It is well known that the 630.0 nm nightglow emission intensity at mid-latitudes increased more than twofold in periods of
maximum sunspot activity. It is assumed that this phenomenon is caused by variations in solar ultraviolet radiation intensity
in solar activity cycles (Fishkova, 1983). 相似文献
4.
A theory of electromagnetic radiation generation by random electric discharges in the troposphere and VHF radiowave scattering by these discharges has been developed. The discharge model, which makes it possible to calculate the spatiotemporal distribution of the discharge channel conductivity depending on the electric current value in this discharge, has been obtained. The electromagnetic radiation spectrum in the troposphere occupied by random discharges has been calculated. VHF electromagnetic wave scattering by random electric discharges in the troposphere has been considered. Equations have been derived, and the method for calculating the average value of the electromagnetic wave field scattered by random discharges has been developed. The calculations indicated that the scattered wave field amplitude is much larger than the diffraction wave field amplitude behind the horizon. The theoretical results agree with the observations of the electromagnetic radiation and VHF transmitter signals behind the horizon relative to the earthquake epicenter during the earthquake preparation. 相似文献
5.
It is well known that the 630-nm nightglow emission intensity in midlatitudes increases by more than a factor of 2 during a sunspot maximum. It has been assumed that the phenomenon is caused by variations in solar UV radiation during a solar cycle (Fishkova, 1983). We present the results of photometric measurements of the nightglow 630.0 nm emission intensity at a latitude of 63° E and longitude of 130° E (Yakutsk) in 1990–2007. The dependence of the 630-nm emission intensity on solar activity on magnetically quiet days in the 22nd and 23rd solar cycles is shown. The close relationship between the 630-nm nightglow intensity and the intensity of extreme UV (EUV) with a correlation coefficient of 0.8–0.9 in 1997–2007 is ascertained from the SOHO/SEM data. The dominance of solar EUV in the excitation of nightglow 630-nm emission has thus been experimentally proved. 相似文献
6.
Summary
Landovitz & Marshall (1) have suggested a maserlike mechanism to explain the decameter emission from the Jovian ionosphere. Although the application of the suggested mechanism for emission outwards into space from our planet is obvious, it is our purpose to show that if this mechanism is indeed operative, emission of electron spin-flip radiation from the electrons in the lower part of theE-region is also possible. An order of magnitude estimate predicts that thisE-region radiation which travels downward can be observed by ground receivers. 相似文献
7.
R. W. Birnie 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1973,37(1):1-36
A Barnes PRT-5 radiation thermometer was used to obtain apparent surface temperatures of two Guatemalan volcanoes from land-based stations from 500 to 4000 meters distant. Isotherms of apparent surface temperatures, drawn on photographs of the volcanic terrain under study, delineate areas of fumarolic activity and active domal upgrowth. The excess radiant heat emitted from Pacaya Volcano is calculated from apparent surface temperatures corrected for atmospheric absorption of infrared radiation and for the adiabatic cooling of the atmosphere with altitude. The excess radiant heat data indicate that the lava flow extruded in June 1969 had completely solidified by December 1969. This calculation is consistent with theoretical estimates of the cooling of an extrusive lava sheet by conduction. Similar calculation of excess radiant heat emission shows the depth of the magma chamber underlying the Santiaguito Volcanic Dome to be 11 meters. This depth is consistent with field observations. Corrections are made for surface emissivity on Pacaya Volcano and the isotherms of real surface temperature plotted. Consideration is given to the times required for the equilibration of a geothermal gradient following the upward movement of a magma. 相似文献
8.
岩石破裂时电磁辐射的机理研究 总被引：21，自引：6，他引：21
本文提出了岩石破裂时的电磁辐射是裂纹尖端电荷随着裂纹加速扩展运动所产生的假说.应用断裂力学方法推导了岩石破裂时初始裂纹长度与裂纹扩展加速度的关系,并计算了其速度和加速度值.根据破裂岩石的电子发射理论,解释了裂纹尖端带电荷的现象.利用岩石在单轴压缩致裂过程中记录到的近场电磁辐射的实验结果,计算了裂纹扩展时裂纹尖端的电荷量和远场电磁辐射强度.通过对电磁辐射波谱分析的研究,得到岩石破裂时电磁辐射频率上限的估计值.最后对岩石破裂时出现的声光电磁现象在理论上作了统一的定性的解释. 相似文献
9.
Scattering of elastic waves by two dimensional multilayered dipping sediments of arbitrary shape embedded in an elastic half-sapce is investigated by using a bondary method. The displancement field is evaluated throughout the elastic media for both steady state and transient incident SH waves. The unknown scattered field is expressed in terms of wave functions which satisfy the equation of motion, traction-free boundary condition and appropariate radiation conditions. The transient response is constructed from the steady state solution by using the fast Fourier transform technique. The numerical results presented demonstrate that scattering of waves by subsurface irregularities may cause locally very large amplification of surface ground motion. The motion can be affected greatly by the scattered surface waves in the sediments. The results clearly indicate that the surface ground motion depends upon a number of parameters present in the problem, such as frequency and the angle of incidence of the incoming wave, impedance contrast between the layers and location of the observation point. 相似文献
10.
在能量平衡方程中引入气溶胶的吸收和散射作用,并与三维行星边界层运动方程组相耦合,根据温度分布显式求解运动场,探讨三维行星边界层内温度、运动、气溶胶浓度分布特征.结果表明,城市人为热释放直接决定了城市热岛效应的强度,城市面积越大,城市热岛效应的强度也越强,城市面积固定时,城市越分散,城市热岛效应的强度越弱,这为城市建设多采取卫星城的方式提供了一定的理论支撑.气溶胶的散射作用要大于吸收作用,其对城市热岛效应的强度主要起削弱作用,当气溶胶浓度较大时,吸收作用更显著一些,此时城市热岛效应的强度会有一定的增强,但是幅度不大.当城市热岛效应的强度增强时,其所驱动的环流也会增强,造成城区中心气溶胶浓度略有下降. 相似文献
11.
A. D. Filonenko 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2018,58(5):693-699
A model of the processes that explain the intrinsic radio emission from meteors is proposed. A method for solving a self-similar problem of a strong explosion is used to determine certain parameters of the plasma wake dynamics at the initial expansion stages. Calculations show that this plasma expansion stage is responsible for the incoherent and unpolarized radiation from the meteor in the upper layers of the atmosphere. A theoretical estimate of the spectral density of the radio emission flux is obtained within this model, and it coincides with the experimental values. The radiation maximum is in the high-frequency range and strongly depends on the altitude and parameters of the meteor. For example, for the characteristic properties of the atmosphere at an altitude of about 90 km for a meteor with a mass of ~5 × 10–2 kg, the spectral flux is ~2000 W/m2 Hz at ~100 km from the source and the maximum is at ~40–60 MHz. According to the experiment, the radio emission spectrum drops sharply at higher frequencies. 相似文献
12.
A critical analysis is given for various methods for recovery of the ozone layer of the Earth: the emission of alkane gases, the destruction of freons by laser IR radiation and with microwave discharge, exposure to laser UV radiation and electric discharge in the atmosphere, the use of solar radiation, laser infrared radiation, and gamma rays, and the creation of an artificial formation at high altitudes that shields the solar radiation dissociating ozone. The optimal methods are discussed in terms of their effectiveness, economic costs, and environmental consequences. These include the use of gamma rays sources, electric discharge in the atmosphere, and microwave breakdown. 相似文献
13.
14.
Z.N. Begum 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》1998,60(18):1751-1754
A theoretical model based on some physical assumptions has been integrated to study the scattering of solar radiation by aerosol particulates of any size present in the atmosphere. Using this model, which incorporates multiple scattering, scattered fluxes of radiation with varying optical depths and also the optical depth versus wavelengths are computed. The present results are found to be in close agreement with the observations of the Pre-Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) 1996. This provides evidence of the direct effect of aerosol particulates on the radiative forcing of the atmosphere. 相似文献
15.
16.
在医用X-CT中,散射现象对重建图像的质量有重要的影响。多源锥束CT是医用CT的一种发展趋势,可成倍提高时间分辨率。但与单源CT相比,多源CT额外的光源会导致散射现象的加重,因此在实际应用中需要着重考虑这一问题。本文在开源工具EGSnrc的基础上,开发了一套基于蒙特卡罗法的CT仿真软件SimProj,用该软件获得了贴近... 相似文献
17.
利用热辐射探索构造活动具有“强背景,弱信息”的特点。地表辐射的探测精度与构造活动引起的辐射增强同属一个量级,有效信息可能被淹没于反演误差之中。并且,获得足够的精度后如何突出构造活动信息也是难点。为了解决上述问题,文中提出一种新方法——均值梯度法。其基本特点是,首先利用长时间数据进行平均,以损失一定的时间信息为代价获取更高的数据精度。然后根据大气和构造活动对地表热辐射影响的不同,利用热辐射梯度突出正在活动之断裂带的空间展布。分析表明,该方法可为利用热辐射探测现今构造活动的时空变化提供一些信息,同时也可为地震危险区划提供帮助 相似文献
18.
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is essential for plant photosynthesis and carbon cycle, and is also important for meteorological and environmental monitoring. To advance China’s disaster and environmental monitoring capabilities, the HJ-1A/B satellites have been placed in Earth orbit. One of their environmental monitoring objectives is the study of PAR. We simulated direct solar, scattered and environment radiation between 400 and 700 nm under different atmospheric parameters (solar zenith angle, atmospheric water vapor, atmospheric ozone, aerosol optical thickness, surface elevation and surface albedo), and then established a look-up table between these input parameters and PAR. Based on the look-up table, we used HJ-1A/B aerosol and surface albedo outputs to derive the corresponding PAR. Validation of inversed instantaneous and observed PAR values using HJ-1 Heihe experimental data had a root mean square error of 25.2 W m?2, with a relative error of 5.9%. The root mean square error for accumulated daily PAR and observed values was 0.49 MJ m?2, with a relative error of 3.5%. Our approach improved significantly the computational efficiency, compared with using directly radiation transfer equations. We also studied the sensitivity of various input parameters to photosynthetically active radiation, and found that solar zenith angle and atmospheric aerosols were sensitive PAR parameters. Surface albedo had some effect on PAR, but water vapor and ozone had minimal impact on PAR. 相似文献
19.
The absolute integral intensity of the IR components of the continuum emission is calculated from the laboratory velocities of photochemical reactions between NO and nonexcited and excited O3 molecules. The vertical intensity distribution of the continuous radiation spectrum of the upper atmosphere (continuum) in the IR area spans a range of heights of the middle atmosphere from 10 to 15 km. A comparison of the calculated values of the continuum intensity with the results of its spectrophotometric surface measurements in the near-IR spectrum allowed refinement of the coefficient of velocity of the NO-ozone reaction responsible for origination of the continuum emission in the IR spectrum range. 相似文献
20.
A. V. Nikolaev 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,131(4):687-702
The processes of seismic wave scattering and dissipation are examined in a medium that, in addition to being inhomogeneous and anelastic, is nonlinear and seismically active (seismic emission). In such a medium, there is a complex interrelation between the effects of nonlinearity, scattering and dissipation. Thus, nonlinear interactions between the various components (primary, scattered and induced) of a developing wavefield cause nonlinear (or wave-on-wave) scattering and, by transferring part of the wave energy to the high-frequency region, contribute to its scattering and dissipation. On the other hand, whereas dissipation opposes the accumulation of nonlinear effects by reducing the wave amplitudes, scattering assists it by increasing the propagation distance (and hence the interaction time).Estimates based on results of field experiments involving vibrators indicate that, as a rule, scattering on inhomogeneities is much stronger than nonlinear scattering, and that nonlinear effects may often dominate dissipative ones.The nonlinearity of the transmitting medium explains observedQ-value anomalies, and its seismic activity explains the existence ofP coda and the temporal changes in codaQ. 相似文献