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1.
大别山超高压变质带p—T—t轨迹数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
模拟设计了拆沉底辟模型,叠瓦俯冲纯剪切伸展模型二组共９种模型,拆沉底辟模型,第一阶段ｐ－Ｔ－ｔ轨迹在地幔热影响下都为降压增温过程,第二阶段ｐ－Ｔ－ｔ轨迹明显不同,快速折返速率下为近等温降压,从深部抬升到岩石圈底为显著的降压升温,近等温降压过程,从岩石圈底部经过地壳同露地表为降温降压过程,慢速抬升速率下,为降温降压,模拟比较了底辟上升的俯冲板片形态不变与板片形态改变模型,陆壳与陆壳俯冲碰撞和陆壳与洋 相似文献
2.
北祁连加里东造山带从挤压到伸展造山机制的转换 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
早古生代早期，北祁连造山带发生强烈的挤压变形作用，形成加里东期的俯冲－增生杂岩、高压变质岩，并使造山带岩石圈地壳加厚缩短。志留纪末期，加厚的造山带岩石圈由于垮塌作用及根部的拆沉作用，使造山带从挤压造山机制转换为伸展造山机制，并进入后造山伸展作用阶段，增厚的岩石圈开始减薄，发生不同层次的伸展作用，同时伴随花岗岩及Ａｎ∈变质岩的穹隆以及泥盆纪磨拉石盆地上叠盆地（Ｃ－Ｔ）的形成。石炭纪末，北祁连造山带岩石圈地壳已基本减薄到正常厚度。而现今的北祁连造山带的缩短和抬升则为喜马拉雅期再造山作用的产物 相似文献
3.
苏鲁造山带超高压变质作用及其P-T-t轨迹 总被引：23，自引：25，他引：23
基于超高压变质岩的岩石学,特别是超高压矿物生长成分环带、扩散环带和蚀变作用研究,综合前人的岩石学和年代学研究成果,提出苏鲁造山带超高压变质作用峰期发生在1000-1100℃和6-7GPa条件下,俯冲深度相当于200km,形成年代为240-250Ma。在此基础上,重塑了一个包括八期变质作用的P-T-t轨迹,揭示出超高压变质岩经历了三个不同的折返阶段,即从200km到100km深度的快速折返阶段,抬升速率为5km/Ma,冷却速率为10℃/Ma;从100km到30km的快速折返,抬升速率为4km/Ma,或为近等温降压,或为缓慢降温的快速降压过程;从下地壳到近地表的缓慢折返阶段,抬升速率为1km/Ma,但为快速降温过程,冷却速率可达20℃/Ma。 相似文献
4.
5.
大别山北部榴辉岩的大地构造属性及冷却史 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
岩石地球化学及同位素年代学研究表明，大别山北部榴辉岩的大部分属印支期扬子俯冲陆壳（下地壳）的一部分；大致沿磨子潭－晓天断裂附近分布的含榴辉岩、大理岩和变质橄榄岩的镁铁－超镁失质岩带可能代表扬子与华北2个大陆板块之间的变质构造混杂岩带，它应接近于扬子与华北2个大陆板块之间的缝合线（镁铁－超镁铁质岩带以北），而五河－水吼剪切带则可能代表扬子腐冲陆壳内部的1条拆离带或滑脱带。冷却史研究表明，大别山北部榴辉岩峰期变质后初期（230－210Ma)仅抬升到下地壳水平，因而未经历降温过程并具有比大别山南部榴辉岩较低的抬升速率，峰期变质后较慢的抬升速率及相应的近于等温或局部升温阶段也许是造成大别山北部榴辉岩与南部超高压带中榴辉岩差异的重要原因之一；同时，也许是研究区榴辉岩很少见有保留早期超高压变质证据的重要原因。 相似文献
6.
燕辽地区燕山期火成岩与造山模型 总被引：70，自引：2，他引：70
通过与安第斯、青藏北缘、大陆裂谷带火成岩的比较，阐述了燕辽地区燕山期火成岩具活动大陆边缘靠内陆一侧的构造属性。提出了三种可能的母岩浆（玄武质、粗面质与花岗质）以及它们的混合作用是制约以壳幔混合型为主、组成谱系宽的火成岩的主要机制。基于实验岩石学成果，论述了无负Ｅｕ异常的中酸性火成岩类（正长岩、二长岩、石英闪长岩类）形成于加厚陆壳底部（或山根带）。主要基于岩石学成果，讨论了燕山期本区陆壳厚约６０～７０ｋｍ，岩石圈厚约１００～１５０ｋｍ。通过与印支期岩石圈（厚约１５０～２００ｋｍ）的对比，提出了造山岩石圈的拆沉－去根作用，使岩石圈减薄了约５０ｋｍ。由此，提出了一个大洋俯冲与岩石圈拆沉相结合的造山模型，称为华北式（或燕辽式）造山带模型。这一模型不但可以满意地解释为什么弧火成岩属性的岩浆活动可深入远离海沟达一千多公里的内陆地区以及挤压与拉伸交替的反转构造的发育，而且还可以比较满意地解释为什么火成岩组成极性极不明显，伴随岩浆活动的陆壳不断抬升等，并指出燕山期地幔岩石圈减薄，山根仍存在，所以造山后Ａ型花岗岩（指碱性正长岩类）仍保持无负Ｅｕ异常，而本区新生代处于大陆裂谷发育环境，地幔岩石圈与陆壳均减薄。 相似文献
7.
阿尔金南缘构造带西段新元古代-早古生代变质岩系的变质作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阿尔金南缘构造带西段新元古代-早古生代变质岩系为一套绿片岩相-低角闪岩相的中浅变质岩系,并形成绢云母-白云母带、黑云母带和石榴石-角闪石带3个递增变质带。通过对石榴石-角闪石带变质作用p-T轨迹的深入研究表明,其经历了3个阶段变质作用:即经历了俯冲碰撞深埋到30～35 km深度的中高压变质作用(M1),压力可达7.27×108～9.63×108 Pa;随后经历了快速抬升所导致的近等温降压变质过程(M2),压力降至4.1×108～5.62×108 Pa;晚期经历了降温降压退变质作用（M3）。整个过程为顺时针方向演化的p-T轨迹,其地质动力学过程属于较典型的板块俯冲碰撞→抬升模式,表明阿尔金南缘构造带的地质构造演化经历了俯冲碰撞及碰撞后的快速抬升过程。 相似文献
8.
根据闽北麻源群变质岩流体包裹体的世代关系和显微测温研究，获得了麻源群变质峰期之后抬升过程ｐ－Ｔ－ｔ轨迹，推测岩石遭受剪切变形事件的温压条件为ｐ＝８５～１００ＭＰａ，Ｔ＝２６５～２８５℃。本区流体演化早期以ＣＯ２为主，晚期以水溶液为主。 相似文献
9.
关于华北克拉通燕山期岩石圈减薄的机制与过程的讨论:是拆沉,还是热侵蚀和化学交代? 总被引：42，自引：5，他引：37
关于华北克拉通燕山期岩石圈减薄作用,主要有两种模型:(1)岩石圈拆沉;(2)热侵蚀和/或化学交代。文中主要从岩浆活动与构造变形两个途径,通过(1)燕山带造山幕和结构要素组合以及造山过程的p-T-t轨迹;(2)收缩构造变形、火成岩构造组合和下地壳岩石捕虏体3个独立证据提出陆壳的构造加厚;(3)火成岩成因的壳幔相互作用模型和热模拟等,试图讨论华北地区克拉通有浮力的岩石圈如何转变为密度大的岩石圈,随之发生拆沉作用,而不是热侵蚀或化学交代机制使岩石圈地幔改造为EMI印记实现的减薄作用。大量对流的软流圈物质注入克拉通是诱发陆壳发生局部熔融所必需的条件。底侵玄武质岩浆的加热并弱化先前的冷和强的克拉通地壳,创造一个流变学条件,以使收缩构造变形和陆壳加厚成为可能。陆壳最下部和岩石圈地幔中形成的大量玄武质岩石,在构造加厚作用下,相转变为榴辉岩,致使原先有浮力的岩石圈转变为密度大的岩石圈,随之发生拆沉作用。 相似文献
10.
中国东部中生代造山带不同于陆缘俯冲作用和陆间大陆碰撞造山带,也不是陆缘和陆间碰撞造山带发展演化的某一个特定阶段的产物。它是一种由深部软流层上涌造山作用形成的一个新类型的造山带,又称东亚型造山作用。它的造山作用过程是:(1)早中生代(230～180Ma)的前和初始造山幕,深部软流层物质上涌和底侵作用导致冷、强的大陆岩石圈地幔线状破裂与局部拆沉;(2)中、晚侏罗世(180～140Ma)主造山幕,软流层大规模上涌并沿着岩石圈底部壳-幔边界横向侵入和伸展,使垂向差异运动转变为水平挤压作用,结果地壳表层发生大规模的褶皱构造变形和推覆构造,使陆壳加厚形成山根,岩石圈根发生部分拆沉;(3)白垩纪(140～65Ma)的晚期造山幕,加厚的陆壳山根与岩石圈根的大规模拆沉,岩石圈进入全新的从挤压向伸展转变和巨大减薄阶段,软流层大规模上涌成山。 相似文献
11.
The (ultra‐) high pressure eclogites from Sumdo area, recorded the subduction and exhumation process of the Paleo‐Tethys oceanic crust. Previous studies showed that there are significant differences in temperature and pressure conditions of the eclogites in four regions, e.g. Sumdo, Xindaduo, Bailang and Jilang. The cause of this differences remains unclear. Studying the peak metamorphic conditions and P‐T path of Sumdo eclogite is of great significance to reveal the subduction and exhumation mechanism of Paleo‐Tethys ocean. In this paper, we choose the Jilang eclogite as an example, which has a mineral assemblage of garnet, omphacite, phengite, hornblende, rutile, epidote, quartz and symplectit (diopside + amphibole + plagioclase), and minor biotite. Garnet has a “dirty” core with abundant mineral inclusions and a “clear” rim with less mineral inclusions, showing typical growth zoning. From the core to the rim, Prp content in garnet increasing while Grs content decreasing. P‐T pseudosection calculated with Domino constrained peak P‐T conditions of Jilang eclogite as 563°C, 2.4 GPa. Combined with petrographical observation, four stages of metamorphism have been recognized: (1) early stage prograde metamorphism represent by the core of garnet and mineral inclusions therein; (2) peak metamorphism represent by the rim of garnet, omphacite, phengite, glaucophane, rutile and quartz; (3) first stage of retrograde metamorphism characterized by decomposition of lawsonite to zoisite; (4) second stage of retrograde metamorphism characterized by symplectites surrounding omphacite and cornona rimmed garnet. Jilang eclogite shows a clockwise P‐T path, and near isothermal decompression during exhumation. It differs from eclogites in other area, which are hosted by garnet‐bearing mica schists or serpentinites. Jilang eclogites are enclosed in metamorphic quartzites, with relatively low P‐T conditions. We infer that the Jilang eclogite was derived from the shallow part of the subduction zone, and was exhumated by low density materials in the subduction channel. 相似文献
12.
从变质作用观看板块构造何时在华北克拉通开始 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
了解板块构造在地球上何时和怎样开始的是地球科学领域还没有解决的重要问题之一。作为板块运动的最终结果,大陆碰撞造山带是识别地球历史演化中板块构造机制起主导作用的重要标志。大陆碰撞带变质作用一般以顺时针p-T轨迹演化为特征,尤其伴有峰期变质之后的等温减压过程。这样,具有峰后等温减压过程的顺时针p-T轨迹是识别地球早期的板块构造作用的重要标志之一。作为世界上最古老的克拉通陆块之一,华北克拉通基底岩石变质作用p-T演化在过去几年已得到广泛深入的研究,使得该克拉通可能成为应用大规模变质作用p-T轨迹途径来探讨构造环境和构造演化过程的最佳场所。构造上,华北克拉通可划分为三个小的陆块(东部陆块、阴山陆块和鄂尔多斯陆块)和三个古元古代活动带(华北中部碰撞带、孔兹岩带和胶—辽—吉带)。东部陆块和阴山陆块新太古代基底岩石变质作用具有等压冷却型逆时针p-T演化轨迹特征,反映变质作用热源与大量地幔岩浆底板垫托或侵位有关。尽管理论上这样大规模的地幔岩浆可形成在大陆岩浆弧、地幔柱或大陆裂谷环境,只有地幔柱模式才能合理地解释东部陆块和阴山陆块新太古代基底岩石时空分布、岩石组合和构造特征。这样,地幔柱可能是主导东部陆块和阴山陆块新太古代地壳形成和演化的主要构造机制,而板块构造在晚太古宙并不是其主要的构造机制。古元古代孔兹岩带和华北中部碰撞带基底岩石变质作用均具有等温减压型顺时针p-T演化特征,反映两造山带都经历地壳加厚和随后的隆升剥蚀构造过程。这样的构造过程是板块构造体制下的碰撞造山带的典型标志。古元古代胶—辽—吉带可进一步划分为南部带和北部带,其中南部带基底岩石具有逆时针p-T演化特征,而北部带基地岩石具有顺时针p-T演化特征,也反映板块构造机制下的产物。现代规模的板块构造在华北克拉通上的启动时间可以由三个活动带中最老的与板块俯冲有关的新生地壳形成时间来大致标定。目前,华北克拉通内部三个活动带中可识别出来的最老的与板块俯冲有关的新生地壳是华北中部碰撞带2·56Ga五台花岗岩,它们的形成可能大致标志着现代样式的板块构造在华北克拉通大规模作用的开始。 相似文献
13.
大别山碰撞造山带的地球动力学 总被引：33，自引：4，他引：33
大别山碰撞造山带的形成和其中超高压变质岩的形成折返具有统一的动力学过程。对大别山超高压变质岩形成 -折返的研究表明 ,大别山的超高压变质作用是冷大陆地壳被前导洋壳下拽而持续俯冲的结果。超高压变质岩的折返是多阶段的。第一阶段 (2 30～ 2 10Ma)在低地温梯度 (约10℃ /km)下发生同俯冲折返 ;第二阶段 (2 10～ 170Ma)的折返由深俯冲板片的断离引发 ,浮力开始起作用 ;第三阶段 (170～ 12 0Ma) ,以区域性岩浆活动、穹隆伸展构造活动和深剥蚀沉积为特征。从分析超高压变质岩的形成折返过程入手 ,以侏罗纪末作为时间参照点 ,以合肥盆地的侏罗系顶界作为当时的地理参照点 ,根据不同岩石单元中岩石的形成深度和碰撞造山中的位移状态 ,可把大别山碰撞造山带划分为原位系统、准原位系统、异位系统和热穹隆改造系统等结构单位。陆陆碰撞造山带形成的物理学前提是俯冲陆壳物质的低密度 ,而最终形成造山带的直接动力学过程则是深俯冲板片的断离及其引发的一系列近垂向运动的地质过程。 相似文献
14.
The thermal and exhumation history of late Hercynian granitoids from Calabria (Sila and Serre massifs) has been studied using thermobarometry and radiometric age determinations. The uplift and erosion which followed contractional tectonics of Tertiary age exposed in Calabria a nearly complete section of the Hercynian crust. Field data, constrained by igneous thermobarometrical data, have enabled us to draw simplified crustal profiles. In both the Sila and Serre massifs, granitoids make up the intermediate portions of the crustal sections and are stacked as tabular intrusions for up to 13 km cumulative thickness. Shallow granitoids are characterized by a weak fabric, mostly developed in the magmatic stage, whereas deep‐seated granitoids display a strong fabric developed in the magmatic state and, with decreasing temperatures, in the subsolidus state. The intrusive bodies were emplaced at 300–290 Ma, at a time when the Calabrian crust was undergoing extensional tectonics and crustal thinning. The subsequent post‐Hercynian evolution is recorded by Rb‐Sr dates of micas and fission track ages of zircon and apatite obtained from granitoids emplaced at different depths. A decrease in Rb‐Sr and fission track ages is observed as depth of emplacement increases. Data on the post‐Hercynian geological evolution of Calabria were used to model in three stages the cooling and exhumation history of deep‐seated and shallow granitoids. The first stage, in Permian to Triassic times, was characterized by slow erosion. It was followed by a second stage of extensional tectonics in Jurassic times. The third stage was exhumation during the Apenninic Orogeny. The model has generated two P–T–t arrays, one for deep‐seated and the other for shallow granitoids of the Serre massif. The T–t paths suggest that the dates of micas, zircon and apatite are cooling ages. They also show that deep‐seated granitoids remained at temperatures above the brittle–plastic transition for a long time, whereas shallow granitoids cooled rapidly. Distinct P–T–t paths explain why deep‐seated and shallow granitoids display different fabric and microstructural features. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Denis Gapais Florence Cagnard Frédéric Gueydan Pierre Barbey Michel Ballèvre 《地学学报》2009,21(3):188-194
Orogenic belts involving initially hot lithospheres, as exemplified by accretionary-type orogens, commonly show distributed deformation and retrograde PT paths with a concomitant decrease in pressure and temperature. Paths may track geotherms, indicating thermal equilibrium, consistent with slow strain and exhumation rates, limited strain localization, and consequently limited topographical gradients and distributed erosion. Such patterns are more common in Precambrian times than in younger periods of the Earth history. In contrast, orogens involving initially stiff lithospheres show exhumation PT paths that track isothermal decompression reflecting high strain rates along major shear zones, a feature typical of Phanerozoic collision belts. Field evidence, analogue and numerical models emphasize that strain localization has first-order consequences for the tectonic evolution of orogenic zones including structure, metamorphism, exhumation processes, topography, erosion and sedimentation modes. 相似文献
16.
Permo-Triassic high-pressure(HP) mafic granulites, together with the Bibong retrogressed eclogite,preserved along the central western Korean Peninsula provide important insights into the Late Permian to Triassic collisional orogeny in northeast Asia. The metamorphic pressureetemperatureetime(P-T-t)paths of these rocks, however, remain poorly constrained and even overestimated, owing to outdated geothermobarometers and inaccurate isopleth techniques. Here we evaluate the metamorphic Pe T conditions of Triassic HP mafic granulites including those in Baekdong, Sinri and Daepan and the Bibong Triassic retrogressed eclogite in the Hongseong area, and the Permo-Triassic Samgot mafic granulite in the Imjingang Belt of the central western Korean Peninsula through the application of modern phase equilibria techniques. The Baekdong and Samgot mafic granulites and the Bibong retrogressed eclogite yield a range of 12.0 -16.0 kbar and 800 -900℃, representing HP granulite facies conditions. The Sinri and Daepan granulites from the Hongseong area show relatively lower grade metamorphic conditions between HP granulite and normal granulite facies, and are characterized by sub-isothermal decompression during exhumation. The similarities in the metamorphic ages and the post-collisional igneous activity from the central western Korean Peninsula indicate that the Triassic ages represent the retrograde stage of the metamorphic Pe T paths. In contrast, the Late Permian metamorphic ages, which are older than protolith ages of the post-collisional igneous rocks, correspond to the possible prograde stage of metamorphism. The P-T-t paths presented in this paper, together with the metamorphic ages and post-orogenic igneous events reported from these areas suggest trace of the subduction, accretion and exhumation history, and indicate a tectonic linkage among the northeast Asian continents during the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean closure. 相似文献
17.
大陆岩石圈深俯冲作用是地球科学领域的前沿热点,榴辉岩的折返机制是板块构造及动力学的关键科学问题。全球著名的大陆造山带中榴辉岩的p-T轨迹呈现差异性折返特征,为了揭示榴辉岩的折返机制,本文结合变质岩石学和地球物理学研究,选取3个典型大陆造山带——中生代—新生代的阿尔卑斯造山带、中生代的苏鲁—大别造山带和新生代的喜马拉雅造山带中的榴辉岩进行阐述。在阿尔卑斯造山带地区,地球物理研究结果发现,欧洲板块的俯冲造成了Adria地区下方的岩石圈存在明显厚度差异。同时,阿尔卑斯造山带Doria Maria和Pohorje地区以及Pohorje地区内部,榴辉岩折返历史也不尽相同,原因可能是亚德里亚大洋岩石圈断离后不同期次的逆冲推覆作用使其差异性斜向挤出。苏鲁—大别造山带中榴辉岩的快速折返,原因可能是华南板块与华北板块碰撞后岩石圈的拆沉或断离作用。在喜马拉雅造山带,西构造结和中喜马拉雅榴辉岩的折返存在差异性。在西构造结,那让和卡甘榴辉岩呈现不同的p-T轨迹和折返速率,变质岩石学和地球物理研究结果都表明它们的差异性折返很可能与印度-欧亚大陆碰撞过程中的构造挤压作用以及印度大陆岩石圈的断离作用有关。喜马拉雅造山带是年轻的正在进行造山活动的造山带,相较于古老的苏鲁-大别造山带,它更适合变质岩石学和地球物理学的综合研究。因此西构造结高压/超高压榴辉岩的折返机制——构造挤压和俯冲板块断离可应用于全球造山带。 相似文献
18.
Metamorphic history and tectonic evolution of the Qinling Complex, eastern Qinling Mountains, China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
YOU ZHENDONG HAN YUJING SUO SHUTIAN CHEN NENSONG ZHONG ZENQIU 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1993,11(4):549-560
Abstract The metamorphic history and tectonic evolution of the Qinling Complex is divided into formation and modification stages. During the Proterozoic formation stage, three deformational sequences are recognized. Andalusite–muscovite, sillimanite–muscovite and sillimanite–K-feldspar zones of amphibolite facies regional metamorphism are earlier than, or synchronous with the first or second phase of folding. Ductile shear zones were formed and Caledonian granites were emplaced during the modification stage. The granites superimposed contact aureoles (garnet–K-feldspar zone) on the regional metamorphic fabric.
Metamorphic reactions, P–T conditions of metamorphism and P–T–t paths were estimated by analysis of mineral textures and standard thermobarometric techniques. The P–T–t path of the Proterozoic tectonometamorphic cycle shows prominent clockwise decompression. The P–T–t path of the Caledonian tectonometamorphic cycle is characterized by an early rise of pressure and temperature, followed by isothermal decompression (rapid uplift) and finally with isobaric cooling.
The P–T–t paths of the two tectonometamorphic cycles reflect two major stages of collision and uplift in the evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt during the Proterozoic and Caledonian–Hercynian periods, respectively. 相似文献
Metamorphic reactions, P–T conditions of metamorphism and P–T–t paths were estimated by analysis of mineral textures and standard thermobarometric techniques. The P–T–t path of the Proterozoic tectonometamorphic cycle shows prominent clockwise decompression. The P–T–t path of the Caledonian tectonometamorphic cycle is characterized by an early rise of pressure and temperature, followed by isothermal decompression (rapid uplift) and finally with isobaric cooling.
The P–T–t paths of the two tectonometamorphic cycles reflect two major stages of collision and uplift in the evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt during the Proterozoic and Caledonian–Hercynian periods, respectively. 相似文献
19.
榴辉岩作为俯冲带中重要的岩石类型保存有丰富的地球动力学信息。对榴辉岩及其退变质岩石的研究有助于建立俯冲带演化的p-T轨迹,了解俯冲岩石在折返过程中温压条件及矿物相的变化,从而对俯冲带折返的动力学机制进行限定。对柴北缘锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩及含多硅白云母榴辉岩进行了详细的岩石学研究。在NC（K）FMASH体系中对两类榴辉岩进行变质相平衡模拟,得到双矿物榴辉岩的峰期温压条件为745～790℃,大于2．8～3．0GPa（M1）,后经历等温降压过程达到角闪石榴辉岩岩相（670～770℃,1．6～2．2GPa,M2）,与含多硅白云母榴辉岩经历了相同的折返过程。锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩的原岩具有N-MORB的地球化学特征,而含多硅白云母榴辉岩则显示E-MORB或者OIB特征,二者原岩成分存在明显差异。两类榴辉岩的p-T演化过程和地球化学特征表明．锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩与含多硅白云母榴辉岩矿物学特征的差异是其原岩的多源性造成的,而与俯冲后折返过程中的退变质作用无必然联系。 相似文献
20.
榴辉岩的两种变质演化轨迹和俯冲大陆地壳的差异折返-——以柴北缘都兰超高压地体为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
都兰榴辉岩地体位于柴北缘—南阿尔金超高压变质带的东端,是唯一确定含柯石英的超高压变质地体,约700 km,其特点是含有两个特征不同的变质亚带,并经历了不同的折返过程。柯石英假像和温压计算表明两带榴辉岩峰期变质的压力都在柯石英的稳定域（2.8~3.3 GPa）,但它们退化变质的p–T 轨迹具有明显不同的特征。北带榴辉岩经历了两个阶段的折返：早期从地幔深度快速折返到中部地壳层次,伴随岩石的等温降压,并发生角闪岩相退化变质;晚期抬升到地壳浅部。都兰南带榴辉岩折返过程中经历了高压麻粒岩相变质的改造,高压麻粒岩阶段的p–T条件为p＝1.9~2.0 GPa,T＝873~948℃, 并进一步经历了角闪岩相退化变质,说明都兰南带榴辉岩折返速率较慢,发生了壳幔过渡带（或加厚的深部地壳）层次的强烈热松弛。这种热松弛发生在许多大陆俯冲带的超高压岩石的折返过程中,并且是榴辉岩发生深熔作用的主要机制。都兰两个变质带不同的变质演化轨迹反映了俯冲的大陆地壳具有差异折返的特征。 相似文献