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刚性桩复合地基固结特性是影响工程进度的重要因素。为研究外荷载作用下刚性桩复合地基固结特性，结合刚性桩和桩间土应力?应变特点对等应变假定进行修正。在此基础之上，考虑涂抹效应、桩间土和下卧层土体固结特性的影响，推导得到桩间土和下卧层土体固结微分方程。基于双层地基固结理论，考虑单级匀速施加荷载和附加应力沿深度变化等边界条件，推导得到其固结度解析解。最后，利用数值模拟方法对解析解进行验证，并对影响刚性桩复合地基固结特性的因素进行分析。结果表明：理论计算与数值模拟结果较为吻合；刚性桩复合地基固结速率受到贯入比影响较大，当贯入比较小时，与天然地基相比，其固结速率较小，贯入比较大且桩端阻力系数较小时，复合地基固结速率大于天然地基；随着贯入比、桩?土相对刚度和垫层?土体相对刚度的增大，复合地基整体固结速率加快；随着置换率的增大，复合地基整体固结速率降低。 相似文献
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近年来,随着全球海洋开发战略的逐步开展,越来越多的工程建设和试验研究将在海洋中进行,为了掌握海底的土体环境,静力触探（CPT）技术在国内外海洋工程领域中的运用变得更加重要。本文根据国内外大量文献中相关海洋原位测试技术的报道,对海洋静力触探的国内外发展历程进行总结,重点阐述和研究了一种适用于海底淤泥质土的球型全流触探仪。分析结果表明,球型全流触探仪在海洋岩土工程勘察中具有很好的应用前景,且集测量数据精确可靠、试验方法多样化、理论解析丰富全面等优点于一身;利用球型全流触探仪能够有效避免较大的实测数据修正,贯入机理清晰严谨,开展循环贯入试验可以评价土的重塑特性,变速率贯入试验在评价应变速率和现场土体强度以及测试中土体固结状态之间的关系上具有优势;结合现场试验,对比分析传统CPT和球型全流触探仪的试验结果,并考虑海底软土的性质,摸索出一种可停靠球型探头新形式。 相似文献
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初析静力触探判别液化对标准贯入试验的优越性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合7个勘察场地的标准贯入和静力触探原位测试数据,应用数理统计原理和方法对二者进行比较分析,得出用静力触探试验判别地基土液化的均方差和变异系数等均优越于标准贯入试验。 相似文献
4.
粉喷桩处理软土地基已国内外得到较为广泛的应用，作为一种复合地基，对其工作机理仍有进一步研究的必要，本文利用实际工程标准贯入测试的结果，分析了粉喷桩对桩间可液化土层性状的影响；利用静力触探测试数据，讨论了粉喷桩施工前后桩间土端阻力和侧摩阻力的变化规律。 相似文献
5.
有机质含量对软土力学性质影响效应分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对软土中有机质含量及物理力学指标的分析和研究,阐明了软土中有机质含量与物理力学参数之间的关系,从力学角度探讨了有机质含量对软土力学效应的影响。研究结果表明:随着有机质含量的增加,软土中的含水量,孔隙比等呈线性增加,而软土的原状土与重塑土的十字板剪切强度、静力触探比贯入阻力、渗透系数、固结系数都是减小的。当有机质含量为1.74%时,软土的物理力学性质发生变化,力学软化效应尤为显著,且此时软土的渗透能力达到最大。 相似文献
6.
圆锥动力触探试验（DCPT）是一种用来预测地基土相对密实度的方法。然而,现有的预测公式主要针对石英土。为解决这一问题,通过现场以及室内模型试验,得到了轻型动力触探贯入指标与钙质土相对密实度之间的关系。可知相比于石英土,粒径对钙质土贯入指标的影响较为显著。若采用现有公式计算钙质土的相对密实度,得到的数值偏大,结果偏于危险。为了便于工程应用,基于Butterfield改进的量纲分析理论,建立了一种可将不同形式DCPT的贯入指标进行相互转化的方法,实现了轻型与重型动力触探指标之间的相互转换,进而得到了重型动力触探贯入指标与钙质土相对密实度之间的关系。根据现场重型动力触探试验数据可知,上述关系的计算结果与现场实测结果吻合良好。 相似文献
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位于天津滨海软土地基土某工程场区地质条件较复杂,工程对地基的要求较高。在勘探工作中,对拟选厂址以标准贯入(S.P.T),室内土工试验为主要手段,做了方格网式的普遍勘探,对中心控制孔作了重型动力触探,静力触探,十字板剪切等原位测试。其中动力触探与标贯孔深达80米,静力触探与十字板剪切试验达18—20米。还进行了必要的工程地质及水文地质工作。现侧重对在本次勘察中应用原位测试方法的情况进行探讨,以供参考。 相似文献
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沿海吹填砂土地基地下水位较高、常含软土夹层,地基处理难度大。为了研究高能级强夯在这类吹填砂土地基上的加固效果,在山东沿海某吹填砂土场地开展6 000和8 000 kN·m能级强夯加固试验。试验结束后分别运用标准贯入试验、静力触探试验、平板载荷试验进行现场检测。通过对比分析了设计要求深度范围内标准贯入试验和静力触探试验,发现夯前夯后标准贯入试验击数和静力触探锥尖试验阻力均明显提升,有效消除了饱和砂土和饱和粉土的液化势;通过平板载荷试验p-s曲线及夯后静力触探锥尖阻力标准值与承载力特征值的关系式,得到夯后砂土地基承载力特征值≥120 kPa,验证了高能级强夯方案的可行性。其次,对软土夹层位置和地下水位高度展开研究,发现软土层会阻碍夯击能传递,减小强夯有效加固深度,且软土层位置不同对强夯加固效果影响程度不同,强夯影响临界范围处存在软土层时,有效加固深度为软土层顶部位置处;对砂土地基进行4 000 kN·m能级强夯试验时,发现未降水强夯后有效加固深度为5 m,降水至地面以下3 m强夯后有效加固深度达到了7 m,提高了加固效果。在高能级强夯研究基础上,对现场吹填砂土地基进行了75万m2的大面积高能级强夯施工,发现处理后地基能够满足建筑用地要求。 相似文献
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海洋工程建设已步入深海,但与之匹配的浅表层沉积物不排水剪切强度原位测试技术尚不成熟。为此,本文开发了可用于评估深海浅表层沉积物土力学性质的多探头原位测试系统,包括锥形触探仪、球形贯入仪和十字板剪切仪,可实现对深海沉积物土力学性质的快速、准确和智能化评价。进一步,通过CEL大变形数值模拟和足尺土工模型试验确定锥形触探仪的锥尖阻力系数,基于离心模型试验给出球形贯入仪的贯入阻力系数,从而完善深海浅表层沉积物不排水剪切强度的评价方法;在此基础上,探讨3种特定仪器各自适合的强度测试区间。结果表明:对于深海浅表层沉积物不排水剪切强度的评估,锥形触探仪和球形贯入仪的阻力系数建议分别取值为9.5和11.1。 相似文献
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Dry soil mix (DSM) columns can be used to reduce the settlement of embankments constructed on soft clays and to improve the stability. During construction the shear strength of the columns needs to be confirmed for compliance with technical assumptions. However, the measurement of the column shear strength can be a contentious issue. All methods of assessing the ultimate shear strength of DSM columns have limitations. These are caused by uncertainties in empirical probe factors required to convert pullout or push in force measured during the lime column penetration test to shear strength and/or testing a small proportion of the DSM column volume and determining whether it is representative of the strength of the entire column. The penetration resistance measured using the lime column test is considered to be more representative of average column shear strength than some other test types. This test can be carried out as a pullout resistance test (PORT) or a push in resistance test (PIRT). Both PORT and PIRT require empirical correlations of measured resistance to an absolute measure of shear strength, in a similar manner to the Piezocone test. In this paper, finite element techniques developed for assessment of T-bar, Ball and Piezocone penetration tests , and are used to assess bounds for the empirical probe factor, N. To simulate the cemented DSM columns, analyses have incorporated a model for a strain softening material. Measured settlements from an embankment constructed on DSM ground improvement are then compared with finite element calculations to infer the shear strength of the columns. These inferred shear strengths are then compared with the results of PORT tests performed beneath the embankment. 相似文献
12.
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian based finite element analysis of cone penetration in soft clay 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents a numerical model for the analysis of cone penetration in soft clay based on the finite element method. The constitutive behaviour of the soil is modelled by modifying an elastic, perfectly-plastic soil model obeying Von-Mises yield criterion to take into account the strain-softening, rate dependent behaviour of soft clay. Since this is a problem involving large soil deformations, the analysis is carried out using an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian method where the quality of the mesh is preserved during penetration. The variation of cone resistance is examined with various parameters such as rigidity index of the soil, in situ stress anisotropy and roughness at the cone–soil interface, which influence the penetration resistance of the cone. A theoretical correlation has been developed incorporating these parameters and the results have been compared with previous correlations based on the cavity expansion theory, finite element method and strain path method. With the increase in strain-softening, relative brittleness of the soil increases and the penetration resistance is significantly reduced. With the rising strain-rate dependency, penetration resistance increases but this increase is independent of the degree of brittleness of the soil. 相似文献
13.
为了揭示黏土中静压沉桩的宏观力学特性,采用西澳大学的梁式离心机压桩系统,通过在双层高岭黏土中进行一系列1g重力场情况下的T-bar触探测试试验、静压沉桩试验、桩拉伸试验和压缩试验,对比分析了T-bar分别在均质软质黏土和双层黏土中随贯入深度变化测得的不排水剪切强度的特性;研究了桩体在贯入过程中沉桩阻力、桩端阻力以及桩侧摩阻力的发展规律;并对桩身径向总应力在沉桩过程中的变化规律进行了探讨;此外,还揭示了不同桩型沉桩终压力与桩承载力之间的关系。结果表明：在黏土中沉桩时,桩侧摩阻力在整个沉桩阻力中发挥主要的作用;对于同一土层而言,当桩超过土层分界面以下2D（D为桩径）范围后,桩端阻力并不受相邻土层性质的影响;随着压桩后时间的推移,桩侧摩阻力对承载力的时效影响较桩端阻力大。 相似文献
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This paper suggests a new method for obtaining steady‐state solutions for ‘full‐flow’ penetrometers. The method is based on the numerical solution of the small strain plastic‐flow problem (i.e. rigid plastic material) with an inhomogeneous strength field, which is determined by converting changes of material properties over time in a stationary frame of reference into spatial distribution of strength in a moving frame of reference. Rather than building streamlines from back integration of soil element distortion, as previous methods have suggested, the method treats the domain as continuous with the associated field equations. The method employs an upstream weighting technique for the determination of information flow within the domain. The execution order for the calculation is based on topological ordering. This results in the calculation having a complexity of O(N), as compared with O(N1.5) for the strain path or streamline methods (N is the number of discretized points), which significantly reduces the calculation time. The formulation is presented for the cylindrical (T‐bar) penetrometer, and includes aspects of soil strength degradation, strain rate effects, strength anisotropy, and interface strength law. Comparison to previously published values, based on large displacement finite element simulations with remeshing, showed good agreement, indicating on the correctness of the suggested approach. Investigation into the soil rigid‐body rotation and the remolding effect on anisotropy characteristics showed an interesting behavior, where the decrease of strength anisotropy due to remolding has a greater influence when the soil strength is higher in the vertical direction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为了获得广东珠江口海洋软土的不排水抗剪强度,分别开展了不固结不排水剪切和固结不排水剪切三轴试验、无侧限抗压试验、现场取土离心机正常固结模型地基的T-bar静力贯入试验以及现场十字板剪切试验和静力触探试验（CPT）,并采用土力学经验公式进行计算,确定了珠江口海洋软土不排水抗剪强度沿深度的分布规律,并综合评价了各种方法的有效性。为了获得该区域软土的循环弱化规律,分别开展了循环动三轴试验、现场取土离心机正常固结模型地基的T-bar循环贯入试验和现场单桩水平循环加载试验,揭示了软土循环动模量比与循环次数之间的双对数线性关系,获得了3种试验条件下珠江口海洋软土的循环弱化因子。其研究结果可为该区域海洋建筑物设计提供直接依据,也可为其他类型工程提供借鉴。 相似文献
16.
Discrete element modelling of deep penetration in granular soils 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents a numerical study on deep penetration mechanisms in granular materials with the focus on the effect of soil–penetrometer interface friction. A two‐dimensional discrete element method has been used to carry out simulation of deep penetration tests on a granular ground that is under an amplified gravity with a K0 lateral stress boundary. The numerical results show that the deep penetration makes the soil near the penetrometer move in a complex displacement path, undergo an evident loading and unloading process, and a rotation of principal stresses as large as 180°. In addition, the penetration leads to significant changes in displacement and velocity fields as well as the magnitude and direction of stresses. In general, during the whole penetration process, the granular ground undergoes several kinds of failure mechanisms in sequence, and the soil of large deformation may reach a stress state slightly over the strength envelope obtained from conventional compression tests. Soil–penetrometer interface friction has clear effects on the actual penetration mechanisms. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
On the calculation of cumulative strain around full‐flow penetrometers in steady‐state conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 An approximate solution for the effects of high strain rates, and gradual strength degradation, on the penetration resistance of penetrometers can be obtained by combining the strain‐path method with the classical upper bound theorem. The stream path calculations require the integration of the material constitutive equation along the streamlines. Unless the geometry is simple so that the integration can be evaluated analytically, numerical procedures are required to backtrack streamlines. The strain at any location is calculated by finding the streamline that passes through the given point and integrating the strain rate along that streamline from its inlet boundary. Thus, the calculations can be complicated, and errors can be accumulated during the calculation procedure. This paper presents an efficient approach for evaluating cumulative strains around penetrometers without the need to backtrack individual streamlines. In this approach, the strain components are treated as field variables. The global solution is obtained using the streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin method. The new method together with an Eulerian‐based finite element formulation was used to study the cone penetration test and evaluate the effect of strain softening on the cone resistance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
An analytical model to simulate the penetration of the piezocone penetrometer in cohesive soils is presented here. The elasto-plastic coupled field equations of the saturated cohesive soils (given by Voyiadjis and Abu-Farsakh) is used in this analysis. The numerical simulation of the piezocone penetration is implemented into a finite element program. The analytical model is used to analyze the miniature piezocone penetration tests (PCPT) conducted at LSU calibration chambers. Simulation of the piezocone penetration is done for two cases. In the first case, the soil–penetrometer interface friction is neglected, while in the second case, the soil–penetrometer interface friction is taken into consideration. The constraint approach is used to model the soil–piezocone interface friction in which the Mohr–Coulomb frictional model is used to define the sliding potential. Analysis is done for three different soil specimens with different stress histories. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with the experimental measurements of the miniature piezocone penetration tests (PCPT) in cohesive soil specimens conducted in LSU calibration chambers. The resulting excess pore pressure distribution and its dissipation using the numerical model are compared with some available prediction methods. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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