共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
为了对SC-86H型高能射流式液动锤冲锤结构进行优化,应用CFD动态分析,对2种不同冲锤结构的射流式液动锤模型进行了研究。计算表明：在相同输入流量下,新型冲锤结构的射流式液动锤与原冲锤结构相比性能具有优势,冲击末速度得到了提高,冲击功与能量利用率平均增长7.9%与12.7%,新型冲锤结构减小了流体阻力消耗的能量,更有利于高能输出。另外,通过Ls-dyna非线性动力学分析,对2种冲锤结构的碎岩效果进行了研究,并对新型冲锤应力强度进行了分析。结果表明：新型冲锤结构的能量传递效率更高,且满足疲劳强度校核,相同冲击末速度下,岩层吸能值高于原冲锤结构;新型冲锤结构的吸能率较高,2种冲锤模型的吸能率随入射能量成非线性增长。 相似文献
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In order to investigate the effect of standard penetration test (SPT) hammer impact on the energy transfer ratio (ETR) and sampler penetration, the behavior of hammer and anvil is monitored by using a high-speed digital line-scan camera and the stress wave is measured by using a pile driving analyzer during SPTs. By analyzing the motions of the hammer and anvil, which are digitized using the image processing algorithm, two types of secondary impact are observed to exist. Type-I secondary impact is caused by the rapid downward anvil movement at time t 1 + 2L/c and the re-contact of the following hammer on the rebounding anvil. Type-I secondary impact is dominant for N value smaller than 25 and it contributes to the ETR and additional sampler penetration. The time elapsed to type-I secondary impact decreases as N value increases. Type-II secondary impact is induced by the restrike of the pushed-up hammer on the resting anvil. Type-II secondary impact is dominant for N value greater than 50 and it has no influence on the ETR and the sampler penetration. The time elapsed to type-II secondary impact increases with the increase in N value. 相似文献
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To investigate the influence of gas pressure on rock burst proneness of coal, the rock burst proneness tests were conducted under different gas pressures. Based on the energy method, the rock burst proneness and energy accumulation law are analyzed. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The change laws of impact energy index, the effective impact energy index and the residual energy index are consistent, reducing with the increase of gas pressure. (2) Before the coal failure, the total energy, the elastic energy, and the dissipated energy of coal specimens increase with the increase of the stress. The increase speed of total energy is the fastest, the elastic energy takes the second place, and the dissipated energy is the slowest. (3) The failure energy ratio and stress drop coefficient defined by energy can be used to describe the rock burst proneness. (4) The failure modes of coal samples transform from brittle failure into ductile shear failure with the increase of gas pressure. (5) In the coal seam which has typical dynamic hazards, there is a critical value of gas pressure. When the gas pressure is higher than the critical value, gas outburst is the main disaster. When the gas pressure is lower than the critical value, the rock burst is the main disaster. 相似文献
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In this work, dynamic test results of D-bolts are presented. The rock bolt specimens studied are 20 and 22 mm in diameter
and 0.8–1.5 m in section length. The bolts were tested at an impact velocity of 5.4–6.2 m/s and with impact energy varying
from 10 to 60 kJ. In total, over 50 drop tests were conducted during a period of three years. The dynamic tests show that
a D-bolt section of 22 mm × 1.5 m can sustain an impact of 56 kJ of a dynamic impact and absorb 60 kJ of energy prior to failure.
The maximum impact energy of the 22 mm bolt is thus 37 kJ/m of bolt and the maximum energy absorption is 40 kJ/m. The displacement
of the D-bolt increases linearly with the impact energy. A theoretical solution has been obtained for the relationship between
the impact energy and the displacement of the bolt. It states that the energy absorption of a D-bolt section is proportionally
related to the volume of the bolt section and the tensile strength and ultimate strain of the bolt material. It was also found
that the magnitude of the impact energy determines whether or not the bolt fails, while the impact momentum determines how
long the impact lasts. The impact duration increases linearly with momentum as long as the bolt shank does not fail. 相似文献
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利用动静组合加载试验装置,对具有不同轴压和围压的砂岩进行循环冲击试验,研究循环冲击过程中砂岩单位体积吸收能的变化特性、单位体积吸收能与平均应变率的关系以及轴压和围压对循环冲击作用下岩石能量耗散的影响。围压分别设置为4、8、10、12 MPa等4个系列,轴向静载荷分别设置为49、84、105、125 MPa等4个系列,入射杆上的入射波峰值大小近似相等,入射能大小为230 J。研究结果表明,砂岩单位体积吸收能随循环冲击次数的增加而增加。平均应变率和单位体积吸收能具有良好的正线性关系,围压从低到高增加过程中,二者间拟合直线的斜率K随轴压增加的变化关系为“增加-基本不变-减小”。当轴压较小时,K随围压的增加先增加后降低,轴压越小K由上升到下降转折点处的围压越大;当轴压增加到125 MPa时,K随围压的增加始终降低。研究结果为具有不同地应力条件下工程岩体爆破设计提供理论依据。 相似文献
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The Schmidt hammer in rock material characterization 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Schmidt hammer provides a quick and inexpensive measure of surface hardness that is widely used for estimating the mechanical properties of rock material. However, a number of issues such as hammer type, normalization of rebound values, specimen dimensions, surface smoothness, weathering and moisture content, and testing, data reduction and analysis procedures continue to influence the consistency and reliability of the Schmidt hammer test results. This paper presents: a) a critical review of these basic issues; and b) the results of tests conducted on granitic rocks of various weathering grades in the light of the conclusions of this review. It was found that a very good correlation exists between L and N hammer rebound values and that both hammers are fairly sensitive to the physical properties, particularly to dry density though less so to effective and total porosities. The N hammer, producing a lesser scatter in the data, proved to be more efficient than the L hammer in predicting uniaxial compressive strength and Young's modulus. The exponential form of the correlation curves was found to reflect microstructural changes during the course of weathering and the differences in the probing scales or mechanisms in the means of measuring these mechanical properties, and could be generalized to other crystalline igneous rocks. The possibility of predicting weathering grades from rebound values was also explored. The changes in the rebound values during multiple impacts at a given point produced a better indication of the weathering grade than a single impact value. It was concluded that increasing the impact energy and plunger tip diameter should significantly reduce the scatter in coarse-grained weathered rocks and hence improve the reliability of the Schmidt hammer as a rock material characterization tool. 相似文献
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充填体的变形破坏、能量耗散与围压的变化密切相关,通过开展不同灰砂配比、浓度的充填体单轴、三轴压缩试验,基于系列试验结果,研究了不同围压加载阶段充填体的变形特征、破坏模式及能量耗散与围压的内在关系。结果表明,随着围压的增加,充填体的峰值应变随之增大,且两者呈线性相关;低围压时充填体呈现脆性破坏,表现为应变软化特征,随着围压增大,充填体由脆性向应变硬化转化,灰砂比越大、浓度越高,充填体发生脆-延性的临界围压值越大。充填体的破坏裂纹发展形式各异,大致可分为单一、平行、交叉和复合4种类型;宏观破坏表现主要呈“X”状、“Y”状剪切模式,破坏面的类型主要分为：直线式光滑摩擦面、圆弧式破碎摩擦面、直线式破碎摩擦面以及台阶式破碎摩擦面。充填体的峰值强度与围压也呈正线性相关,内摩擦角对灰砂比的敏感性要高于浓度。围压的增大能够相当程度上提高充填体各阶段的应变能,峰前、峰后能耗量、单位体积变形能以及总能耗与围压皆呈正相关性。 相似文献
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泡沫潜孔锤既具有泡沫钻进的特点，又发挥了潜孔锤钻进效率高，钻孔质量好的优点，在我国干旱缺水区及岩溶裂隙区相关钻进领域有着极为广泛的应用前景。实验以WC－70潜孔锤为对象，研究泡沫对风动潜孔锤的影响。结果冲击频率虽然有所下降，但其冲击功却有或高的趋势。可以推断用现有的普通风动潜孔锤，配置相关的设备合理的规程参数进行泡沫潜孔锤钻进是可行的。 相似文献
9.
将土体中的混凝土桩基简化为黏滞介质中的一维黏弹性杆,桩顶部受锤头冲击产生内部应力波。根据杆内微元应力平衡条件建立杆中一维黏弹性应力波传播的控制方程,结合桩顶锤头冲击条件和桩底弹-黏性约束条件给出桩基两端的耦合边界条件。对控制方程和定解条件作Laplace变换并求解变换后的常微分方程,得到变换域的应力像函数解析解。采用数值反变换技术将像函数转变为时间域的应力波形。应用此方法可以较方便地分析桩基中应力波的产生、传播、反射及相互作用过程。 相似文献
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为研究动载作用下非贯通裂隙对岩石破坏特性的影响,采用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对含不同裂隙数量及深度非贯通裂隙砂岩进行冲击试验,并基于分形理论和能量耗散原理分析其动力破坏特性。研究结果表明,动态峰值应力随裂隙数量及深度变化情况较复杂;峰值应变随裂隙数量增加而增加,随裂隙深度增加先增大后减小;动态弹性模量随裂隙数量增加先增加后减小,随裂隙深度增加而减小;不同工况试样的破坏模式分为张应变破坏、张应变?剪切复合破坏和压碎破坏3种,且裂隙数量对破坏模式的影响较裂隙深度大;试样破坏后的分形维数、单位体积耗散能和能量吸收率均随裂隙数量及深度的增加而增加,且分形维数与单位体积耗散能和能量吸收率均近似正线性关系。 相似文献
12.
运用土体破坏时临界动剪应力比方法求解强夯加固软土地基的有效加固深度。结合某工程实例。利用动三轴试验仪测定土体在一定的动应力作用下产生破坏时的临界动剪应力比，同时计算锤底动应力在土中分布的规律。结果表明：在一定夯击能的作用下强夯有效加固深度8．6m，计算结果与实测结果较接近。 相似文献
13.
Estimation of the drivability of piles requires modelling of the hammer impact in order to provide the input force wave at the pile head. Historically, this has been achieved through a numerical model of the hammer components (ram, cushion and anvil), which is then linked with that of the pile in order to effect the drivability analysis. This paper presents an analytical model of hammer impact, based on lumped ram and anvil masses separated by a cushion with internal damping, and connected to the pile which is modelled as a dashpot. Force–time responses derived from the analytical model are compared with actual field data, and also with results from commercially available numerical models of hammer impact. The analytical model is then used to explore the characteristics of hammer impact, with particular attention to combinations of parameters that lead to hammer bounce and, hence, significant loss of energy transferred to the pile. 相似文献
14.
为解决现有霍尔元件测量系统存在的不足，根据全行程测量数据获取及实时观测的实际需求，研制开发了基于激光三角测量原理的射流式液动潜孔锤激光测量系统。使用该系统对SC-86H型高能射流式液动潜孔锤进行了相关试验，并获得了冲锤的全行程时间分辨数据。通过对试验数据进行处理，得到了冲锤运动的位移-时间和速度-时间关系。结果表明，冲锤的不规则运动发生在周期的回程初始阶段，此不稳定状态增加了冲锤的回程时间，相应地降低了冲锤的冲击频率。冲锤的实际缓冲行程对泵量并不敏感，当泵量从80 L/min增加到220 L/min时，实际缓冲行程仅在5.9~6.8 mm之间变化；实际行程的改变也不会大幅增加冲锤实际缓冲行程，随着冲锤结构行程增加57%（70~110 mm），缓冲行程只增加了7%。该系统可实现全行程测量，并描述实时运动状态。 相似文献
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深部岩体具有块状层次结构,深部动载造成岩块发生相互间的振动脱离产生低摩擦效应,从而极易诱发原先处于平衡状态的岩体的动力变形破坏。在前人研究基础上,将块系岩体振动简化为等效质量-黏弹性模型,引入岩石摩擦滑移速率弱化模式,最终得到块系岩体滑移失稳计算模型。通过计算分析块系岩体自身特性及外荷载特性对岩块间低摩擦效应的影响。理论计算表明：水平静力及外扰动保持不变,增大岩块间弹性系数或者减小黏性系数,更容易引发岩体低摩擦滑移。随着冲击扰动、水平拉力幅值的增加,岩块的水平残余位移量值增加,当它们幅值超过一临界值时,岩块发生自持续滑移失稳运动。冲击扰动诱发岩块间不可逆位移、动力滑移失稳的临界能量与剪切力水平密切相关,在较大的剪切内力条件下,极其微弱的动力扰动即可诱发较大的岩块间不可逆位移甚至岩块的动力滑移失稳,随着剪切内力的减小,诱发岩块滑移失稳的能量阈值不断增大,当剪切内力低于岩块动摩擦强度时,单次冲击扰动只能诱发岩块间的不可逆位移。初步开展扰动诱发含初应力紫砂岩块体滑移试验,试验结果与理论计算基本符合,证明该模型的可行性。 相似文献
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液动冲击回转钻进技术现已广泛应用于地质勘探领域,但在石油、地热、煤层气等其他钻井领域应用还较少。原因之一是现有的液动潜孔锤正常工作所需泵量和泵压与输出冲击功和冲击频率难以适应上述钻井领域的要求。针对这一问题,分析了冲击功与冲击力的关系,利用压电石英传感器测定液动潜孔锤的冲击功,并研制了多参数液动潜孔锤测试平台,探索液动潜孔锤结构参数对其输入、输出性能参数的影响,以适应不同领域钻井技术的要求。新研制的液动潜孔锤测试平台由数据采集和处理模块、循环动力模块和机械固定模块3个主要模块组成,实现了在尽可能不破坏液动锤结构的前提下对其输出冲击功、冲击频率及泵量、上下腔压力、背压等多个参数进行实时动态监测,进而开展液动潜孔锤理论研究,进一步提高其研究水平和适用领域。 相似文献
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利用英国WFI生产的WF25735循环单剪试验系统,完成了一系列不同含水率重塑砂土在不同剪应变条件下的循环剪切试验,分析了不同剪应变条件下含水率的变化对非饱和砂土动力特性的影响规律。试验结果表明：动剪模量Gd/Gdmax-?归一化数值,在大应变下存在一个临界含水率11.2%,低于临界含水率时,Gd/Gdmax随含水率的增大而增大,高于临界含水率时,随着含水率的增大,Gd/Gdmax逐渐减小。骨架曲线存在一个相同的临界含水率,当低于该临界含水率时,随着含水率的增大,骨架曲线呈缓慢增大趋势,在含水率为11.2%处达到峰值;当高于该临界含水率时,随着含水率的增大,骨架曲线下降比较剧烈,且出现软化现象,从骨架曲线可以进一步解释Gd/Gdmax-?散点图的变化趋势。对阻尼比D/Dmax-?进行归一化数值,在较大正应力下,D/Dmax随着剪应变的增大而增大。非饱和砂土的滞回耗能随着剪应变的增大而增大;随着含水率的增大,存在一个临界含水率,滞回耗能曲线呈现先增大后下降的趋势,且临界含水率随着正应力的增大出现了偏移。 相似文献
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冲击载荷作用下岩石动态断裂试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以自行研制的可调速落锤冲击试验机进行加载,通过高速相机搭建数据采集系统,采用数字散斑相关方法作为试验的观测方法,开展5组不同预制裂纹长度的花岗岩试件在冲击载荷作用下的动态断裂试验。并对岩石I型裂纹在冲击载荷作用下的位移场演化、裂纹动态断裂的裂尖张开位移、裂纹尖端的扩展历史、动态断裂的应力强度因子进行了定量研究。试验结果表明：对于单一试件而言,在落锤开始与岩石试件的边界接触到试件的预制裂纹开始扩展整个过程中,裂纹尖端的应力强度因子KI呈递增趋势,KII与KI相比,相差1～2个数量级。对于不同预制裂纹试件,在落锤冲击加载作用下,总体表现为一定的预制裂纹长度范围内,随着预制裂纹的长度增加,裂纹尖端应力强度因子呈增加的趋势。 相似文献