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1.
Integral assessment of air pollution dispersion regimes in the main industrialized and urban areas in Oman 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper presents a rather complete picture of conditions of stagnation, recirculation and ventilation factors in the main industrialized and urban areas in Oman, developed along the coastal area. This study focuses on four sites; Sohar, Muscat, Sur, and Salalah. Each site has a local emission sources from transportation, industry and energy production activities. For the calculation of the integral quantities of the ability of the atmosphere dilution, hourly data of the wind velocity measured at a height of 10 m during 5 years (2000–2005) were used in the analysis. The results show that in the northern coast of Oman, along the bay of Sea of Oman, where 56% of the total population is concentrated and the main heavy industries of the country are amassed, the atmosphere is prone to stagnations in 74.4% of the time, while in the southern and east part of Oman, they occur only 23% and 51%, respectively. The bay of sea of Oman is high affected by land–sea breeze circulation that plays a substantial role in the simultaneous occurrence of recirculation equally to stagnation. This meso-scale effect is altered gradually during the passage of the synoptic-scale flow of the southeasterly summer monsoon that enhances the occurrence of the ventilation in Salalah (24.6% of time) and Sur (15.5%). In the northern coast of Oman, where the Hajir mountains suppressed the effect of the summer monsoon, a very weak tendency towards ventilation is observed (less than 6%). The southern summer monsoon over Oman is a source of life in this arid area and as well a source of clean air. 相似文献
2.
辽宁省典型地区大气颗粒物重金属元素分布特征及对土地质量影响研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
大气颗粒物是大气质量评价中的一个通用的重要指标,近年来,对于大气颗粒物污染这一热点问题开展了大量的研究。文中选取辽宁省沈阳市、锦州市和葫芦岛市等典型地区研究大气颗粒物(TSP、PM10、PM2.5)中Cd等重金属元素的分布特征。结果表明,辽宁省大气可吸入颗粒物中Pb和Zn的含量最高,其次是Cu、Mn、As、Cr、Cd。燃煤、燃油和工业污染源等方面可能是造成这些元素含量较高的主要原因。此外,文中还对大气颗粒物对土地质量的影响研究进行一些有益尝试。研究表明,大气颗粒物中重金属元素含量对土地质量的影响是显而易见的。政府管理部门应该重视对大气颗粒物中重金属元素含量的监控,努力减少其对土地质量的影响。 相似文献
3.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2023,83(1):125922
Life and the sustainable growth of socioeconomic sectors such as agriculture and industry depend on groundwater, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions where surface water resources are limited. The objectives of the current study are to characterize groundwater chemistry and assess its suitability for industrial usage in the Guanzhong Basin located in the semi-arid region of northwest China. To better understand the hydrogeochemistry in the study area, statistical analysis, ionic plots and Pearson's correlation analysis were conjunctively used. Finally, a novel industrial water quality index (IndWQI) model was developed in this paper to determine the overall industrial water quality based on scaling, corrosion, and foaming coefficients as well as some physicochemical parameters. The contribution of each parameter to the overall industrial water quality was determined using multivariate statistical analysis approaches. The findings reveal that dissolution of minerals such as calcite, dolomite, anhydrite and gypsum regulate the groundwater geochemistry in the study area. In addition, human activities influence the groundwater quality in the study area. According to the novel IndWQI approach, 78.95 % of the confined water samples and 74.51 % of the phreatic water samples have excellent or good quality, and can be safely used for industrial boilers. The geospatial analysis shows that the most contaminated groundwater samples are mainly located in northeast Xi'an and the northeast region of the Guanzhong Basin. The IndWQI model is trustworthy, as it can combine several water quality indices and give an instantaneous impression of the whole groundwater quality for industrial uses. It can serve as a benchmark for other areas across the world with a comparable climate. 相似文献
4.
济南泉域水质逐年变差,查明其污染来源和影响因素,对岩溶水资源开发利用及生态环境保护具有十分重要的意义,而对包含补给径流区的全区岩溶水系统分析尚未见报道.综合运用水化学(Piper三线图、离子比例系数、相关分析)和多元统计(因子分析、聚类分析)方法分析地下水水化学特征,探讨了不同区域水质影响因素及影响强度.因子分析反映了灰岩水岩作用、工业和生活污染、白云岩水岩作用、农牧业和生活污染对水化学组分的影响,贡献率依次为33.1%、28.4%、12.0%和11.8%.分析结果表明:研究区岩溶水水质受水岩作用和人类活动的双重影响;南部补给区、西郊及其以西排泄区水质优良,主要受碳酸盐岩溶解的影响;直接补给径流区部分岩溶水受农牧业和农村生活污染的影响,NO3-含量较高;东郊排泄区、城区及近郊开采区受工业及城镇生活污染的影响,水质较差,少数地段SO42-、NO3-、TDS和总硬度超标. 相似文献
5.
通过对甘肃省张掖一永昌地区土壤重金属元素富集与分布规律的研究表明,研究区土壤以Cd、As、Cr、Ni污染为主,工业废水、厂矿企业、人类活动及大气降尘是研究区土壤的主要污染源。从土壤污染程度综合评价图来看,全区土壤一级质量区占总面积的1．87％,二级质量区占总面积的87．13％,三级质量区占9．92％,四级质量区占1．09％。从土壤污染现状来看,重金属土壤以一、二级为主,说明研究区土壤总体质量较好。从土壤Cd、As、Cr、Ni相态分析结果看,各元素多以残渣态为主,但cd的离子结合态和水溶态占总量的5％左右,是极其危险的,需要引起重视。 相似文献
6.
在济南市城区对大气降尘及不同污染端元样品进行采集,系统分析了大气降尘和污染端元元素含量特征,并对大气降尘空间分布及污染来源进行研究。结果表明:不同污染端元中元素含量差别明显,燃煤尘中As、Cd、F、Pb是汽车尾气尘的3倍以上,是交通尘、冶炼尘、建筑尘等其他端元尘的1.26~2.35倍,对环境影响较大;汽车尾气尘中Cr、Ni、S、Zn含量最高,冶炼尘中Co、Ni、Pb、F含量偏高,而建筑尘中多数元素含量为所有端元尘中最低。与土壤背景值相比,济南市大气降尘中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、F、S富集程度较高,受到不同程度人为污染;相关分析和因子分析结果表明,Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、As主要来源于企业燃煤,大气降尘中这些元素高含量区与热电厂、冶炼厂、化工厂等燃煤污染源空间分布相一致;F、S可能与汽车尾气排放有关,而As、Cr主源于交通污染,这3种污染源是济南市大气降尘污染的主要来源,对降尘的贡献约占60.42%。研究表明,工业燃煤排放已逐渐代替汽车尾气成为大气降尘中Pb元素的主要来源。 相似文献
7.
Galina Surkova 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2013,5(2):196-207
An initial investigation of recirculation is carried out for the coast of the Black Sea. The local mesoscale circulations (land-sea breezes, mountain and valley winds) in coastal areas are shown to be an additional risk factor in creating favorable conditions for air stagnation and accumulation of air pollutants in the surface atmosphere layer. Two types of annual recirculation patterns are revealed for northern and north-eastern coast of the Black Sea. Long-term changes in recirculation are investigated. It is shown that the recirculation parameter values remained quasistable until the mid-1970s. Since 1976–1977, steady intensification of recirculation in both winter and summer is identified. 相似文献
8.
研究雄安地区土壤重金属和砷元素空间分布特征及其来源,对于支撑新区土地资源和环境管理具有重要意义。基于雄安新区土壤环境调查,运用地统计学方法和ArcGIS 技术分析模拟了土壤中As、Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr等8种元素空间分布特征,综合运用空间分析、多元统计学方法和正定因子矩阵模型解析这些元素的主要来源。结果表明:（1）区内土壤质量总体良好,4.35 %的土壤样品Cd和Cu含量超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,但均低于农用地土壤污染风险管控值;与河北省背景值相比,Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn和Hg存在不同程度中度和显著富集。（2）As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr含量呈现出由北部向南部逐渐增高的趋势,高值区主要分布在新区西南部;Hg元素分布分散,高值区主要分布在城镇及工业企业周边。（3）不同土地利用类型土壤剖面重金属和砷元素垂向分布受pH值、有机碳和铁铝氧化物等理化性质影响显著。（4）研究区土壤重金属和砷元素富集受人类活动影响明显,人为来源贡献率达67.12 %,Hg元素主要来源于人为排放的大气沉降富集,As元素富集受到废渣堆放和利用的影响,Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn元素富集受工业生产、污水灌溉以及尾气排放等活动影响。研究成果可为雄安新区合理制定土地资源开发利用和生态保护措施提供技术支撑。 相似文献
9.
Meteorological hazards are usually considered to be tropical cyclones, droughts, hail-storms, severe storms and their effects such as tsunamis, storm surges, wildfire, and floods. Urban air pollution is not normally considered to be a meteorological hazard. This view has arisen because the causes of urban air pollution – industrial and motor vehicleemissions – are not meteorological in nature. Air pollution episodes, however, are sporadic in nature and their occurrence depends on a particular combination of meteorological factors. This is true even in megacities such as Mexico City, Manila, and Los Angeles that have acquired a reputation for polluted air. Analyses of air pollution episodes and hospital admissions from many countries indicate that thereis a significant increase in morbidity and mortality as a result of such episodes.Time-series studies undertaken in Sydney have shown that particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide are the pollutants that are primarily responsible for adverse health effects in that city.Air pollution, and in particular particulate matter, is believed to be responsible for just under 400 premature deaths per year in Sydney alone. This death rate is over twenty times larger than deaths due to other meteorological hazards. Part of the reason for the low death rate for the more traditional meteorological hazards is that the provision of high quality numerical weather prediction, coupled with modern communications technology, has enabled emergency service personnel to take appropriate action.Air quality forecasting systems can play an important role in mitigating the adverse effects of air pollution. The forecasts will affect the behaviour of susceptible individuals, and thus reduce adverse health effects. The outputs from forecasting systems can also be used to provide improved estimates of the total exposure to air pollutants of the inhabitants who areat risk. Such improved estimates can then be used in conjunction with longitudinal studies ofhealth effects to obtain better understanding of the complex interaction between air quality and health. 相似文献
10.
Comparative assessment of baseline concentration of the heavy metals in the soils of Tehran (Iran) with the comprisable reference data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Industrial soil systems have become complex due to human activities, as they disturb the natural development of soil and add
hazardous elements. Hence, there is a growing public concern over the accumulation of heavy metals in soil due to the rapid
industrial development during the last decade in Iran. The objectives of the present study are to carry out comparative assessment
of the heavy metals in soils of the Chitgar Industrial Area Tehran (Iran) with average world guidelines and to evaluate enrichment
and normalized scatter coefficient. In this work the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cr, Co, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn)
from the surface soils of the industrial area were quantified, based on 210 samples collected from 70 sampling stations in
three consecutive seasons May 2007, November 2007 and May 2008 using 0.5 × l Km square mesh. Common comparison methods were
employed to assess the quality of soils and guideline values were used to represent a desired level of elements. Comparison
variables and enrichment factor showed that Pb has high-level value while normalized scatter coefficient demonstrates that
Cd increases in soils more rapidly as compared to other elements. This study revealed that normalized scatter coefficient
can be effectively used to evaluate soil pollution and is independent of the past. 相似文献
11.
Martine M. Savard Christian Bégin Joëlle Marion Michel Parent 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(15):3723-3731
Atmospheric pollution effects on hydrogen fractionation in trees are demonstrated for the first time in this study. The δ2H ring-cellulose series obtained for black spruce trees at a site near a SO2-emitting smelter display short-term fluctuations superimposed on a first order −11‰ shift coincident with the onset of smelter operations. The isotopic depletion in trees exposed to various levels of SO2 diminish with increasing distance relative to the location of the smelter, and it is not detected at the most distant selected stand, 116 km downwind from the point source. Both the spatial and temporal isotopic trends likely result from the combined effects of leaf transpiration, biochemical processes and water uptake by the root system. The spatial and temporal trends of δ2H values are the reverse of the δ13C trends previously obtained for the same tree ring series. These coupled isotopic fractionations underline an important response of trees to pollution stresses likely generated by ambient atmospheric SO2 concentrations. The degradation of global air quality during the last 150 yr likely generated large scale modifications in the way terrestrial vegetation grows. In this respect, hydrogen dendrogeochemistry combined with other tracers such as C isotope ratios constitutes a new tool to evaluate the past behavior of forest ecosystems in terms of C uptake and acclimation to various types of atmospheric pollution. 相似文献
12.
The rapid urbanization, industrialization, modernization, and the frequent Middle Eastern dust storms have negatively impacted the ambient air quality in Bahrain. The objective of this study is to identify the most critical atmospheric air pollutants with emphasis on their potential risk to health based on calculated AQI (air quality index) values using EPA approach. The air quality datasets of particulate matters (PM10 and PM2.5), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured in January 2012 and August 2012 using five mobile air quality monitoring stations located at different governorates. The results of this study demonstrated that PM10 and PM2.5 are the most critical air pollutants in Bahrain with PM2.5 prevailing during January 2012 and PM10 prevailing during August 2012. The corresponding AQI categories were utilized to evaluate spatial variability of particulate matters in five governorates. The impact of meteorological factors such as ambient air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and total precipitation on ambient air quality were discussed. The analysis demonstrated that the highest PM10 concentrations were observed in the Northern Governorate while the highest PM2.5 concentrations were observed in the Capital, Central, and Northern Governorates during August 2012. It was observed that the levels of PM2.5 pollution were higher within proximity of the industrial zone. The results suggested that the average PM2.5/PM10 ratio in August 2012 was lower than in January 2012 due to the Aeolian processes. This study concludes that higher wind speed, total precipitation, relative humidity rates, and lower ambient air temperature in January 2012 assisted with the dissipation of particulate matter thus lowering the pollution levels of both PM10 and PM2.5 in comparison to August 2012. 相似文献
13.
14.
太原市大气颗粒物中有机物浓度的分布特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
首次研究了太原市大气颗粒物中的有机物分布特征。收集了太原市不同功能区冬夏两季的大气颗粒样品,经抽提分离取得饱和烃、芳香烃、非烃、沥青质4组馏分。分析结果表明:(1)大气颗粒中有机物浓度在取暖期高于非取暖期;(2)各功能区的有机污染程度不同,太钢工业区>长风剧场商业居民混合区>一电厂化工区、太行文化区。(3)各馏分浓度中沥青质含量普遍高,饱和烃含量最低,非烃、芳香烃馏分居中,且相对较低。(4)太原市整体污染主要为煤的燃烧和工业生产、尾气排放。 相似文献
15.
Human impact in a tourist karstic cave (Aracena, Spain) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. Pulido-Bosch W. Martín-Rosales M. López-Chicano C. M. Rodríguez-Navarro A. Vallejos 《Environmental Geology》1997,31(3-4):142-149
Human intrusion on the Cave of Marvels (southwestern Spain) has produced a series of effects on the water (fall in the level
of the pools due to pumping from nearby wells), the air (increased temperature and CO2 concentration as well as decreased relative humidity) and the rock. In addition, plant colonization, favored by the lighting
system, has irreversibly altered numerous speleothems. The processes of degradation are especially intense in the sectors
with less air volume and limited ventilation. The analysis of the cave deposits by scanning electron microscopy and thin section
analysis revealed that floral pollution constitutes one of the most aggressive agents against the calcite and aragonite precipitates,
being responsible for biochemical and biophysical degradation of the first order.
Received: 18 December 1995 · Accepted 10 September 1996 相似文献
16.
Zahidi Hamzah Ahmad Zaharin Aris Mohammad Firuz Ramli Hafizan Juahir Tahoora Sheikhy Narany 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(2):49
Extensive agricultural, residential, and industrial activities have increased demand for water supplies, which can lead to groundwater quality degradation. The integration of geochemical methods, multivariate statistical analysis, and geostatistical approaches were carried out on 169 groundwater samples to elucidate the regional factors and processes that influencing the geochemical composition of groundwater in coastal shallow aquifer of Terengganu, Malaysia. Hydrochemical modelling revealed that the abundance of Ca and Mg was contributed by carbonate and silicate weathering while higher HCO3 and Cl were resulted from reverse ion exchange reaction. Therefore, the dominant hydrogeochemical facies of groundwater was Ca-Mg-HCO3-Cl type. The influence of salinization resulting from seawater mixing to the groundwater was corroborated by Cl/HCO3 ratio, which affected around 50.9% of the groundwater samples slightly or moderately. Spatial mapping using ordinary kriging found that the threat of sea water intrusion is more prominent in the major river confluence especially around Terengganu and Marang River in the northeast and Dungun and Kemaman River confluence in southeast of study area. Moreover, factor analyses concluded that salinization, anthropogenic activities, reverse ion exchange, weathering processes, agricultural impact, and seasonal variations were the factors that regulate 63% of the major ion chemistry in study area. Finally, these findings showed the importance of understanding the hydrochemical characteristics for effective utilization, aquifer protection, and prediction of changes to minimize the effects of salinization and reduce human pollution such as agriculture and urbanization. It is essential steps in order to safeguard the utilization of groundwater resources for future generations. 相似文献
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18.
The coastal marine atmosphere adjacent to large urban and industrial centers is in general strongly impacted by pollution emissions, resulting in high loading of pollutants in the ambient air. Among the airborne substances are certain trace elements from a variety of emission sources that can serve as micronutrients to marine organisms in coastal waters. High concentrations of such elements in coastal air can result in enhanced air-to-sea deposition fluxes to coastal waters. They could also be transported over the open ocean, affecting the composition of the remote marine atmosphere and then ocean ecosystems. To provide better understanding of the extent of air-to-sea deposition processes on the New Jersey coast, a heavily polluted coastal region on the US East Coast, a synthesis of observation data was carried out for selected trace elements, including Fe, Cd, Cr and Cu, derived from measurements of both size-segregated and bulk aerosol particles, as well as precipitation around the New Jersey coast. The atmospheric input of Hg was also estimated based on measurement data. Results indicated that the total deposition fluxes of most trace elements were higher in Northern coastal NJ compared to Southern coastal NJ, reflecting the differences in the source strengths of these element emissions between the two coastal regions. Dry deposition processes were more significant for common dust-derived elements, particularly Fe and Al, compared with their wet deposition fluxes. However, the processes of precipitation scavenging appeared to be more important for the elements that were often enriched in fine particles including Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni. The removal of Hg from the ambient air was overwhelmingly dominated by atmospheric wet deposition. In the future, atmospheric measurements at more sites on the NJ coast should be performed simultaneously to reduce the spatial and temporal uncertainties associated with atmospheric deposition fluxes estimated in this study. 相似文献
19.
Systems analysis of the responses of forest trees to air pollutants led to mathematical models which represent the essential
life processes of mature trees (photosynthesis, respiration, growth etc.) under ‘normal’ conditions and — especially — under
pollution strees. Computer simulations using these models have made it possible to test and analyse the consequences of —
known or hypothetical — pollution effects. The simulation runs have led to the identification of three distinct behavioural
modes (growth, stagnation, breakdown) and corresponding stable and unstable system states. The results have produced new insights
and contributed to the understanding of the dieback process of spruce and beech trees. The presentation will concentrate on
the most recent and most complex of the hitherto existing models, theBeech model. 相似文献