共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
楼雄英 《沉积与特提斯地质》2005,25(3):24-32
T7^2界面为上奥陶统桑塔木组泥岩与良里塔格组灰岩地震反射界面,是塔里木盆地塔中、塔北隆起上奥陶统内部的一个重要构造-层序转换面,是早古生代碳酸盐台地型沉积向陆源碎屑充填沉积转换的标志.过去普遍认为两个组之间为连续沉积,界面性质系海侵上超并赋予“淹没台地”的涵义.但随着近年塔河油田南部地区的勘探和塔中隆起区北缘Ⅰ号断裂带油气富集规律性的深入研究,表明T7^2界面是一个区域性的古暴露界面和沉积间断界面.界面之下的上奥陶统良里塔格组顶面有明显的削蚀和截切现象,残存厚度在塔北、塔中之间存在极大的差异,反映塔北隆起T7^2界面的构造及风化壳岩溶作用明显强过塔中隆起.古暴露和风化壳岩溶作用导致T7^2界面之下的良里塔格组碳酸盐岩广泛发育岩溶,是塔中低凸起北缘Ⅰ号断裂构造带的主要油气藏聚集层位;在塔河南部,形成了一套厚度最大可达300m并贯穿良里塔格组与下伏恰尔巴克组、一间房组和鹰山组的古岩溶洞穴系统,造就了塔河油田今天以南部斜坡区上奥陶统良里塔格组灰岩古岩溶洞穴系统为主要油气储层的勘探大场面. 相似文献
2.
SHANE M. PELECHATY NOEL P. JAMES CHARLES KERANS JOHN P. GROTZINGER 《Sedimentology》1991,38(5):775-797
A major palaeokarst erosion surface is developed within the middle Proterozoic Elu Basin, northwestern Canada. This palaeokarst is named the sub-Kanuyak unconformity and truncates the Parry Bay Formation, a sequence of shallow-marine dolostones that were deposited within a north-facing carbonate platform under a semi-arid climate. The sub-Kanuyak unconformity exhibits up to 90 m of local relief, and also formed under semi-arid conditions when Parry Bay dolostones were subaerially exposed during a relative sea-level drop of about 180 m. Caves and various karren developed within the meteoric vadose and phreatic zones. Their geometry, size and orientation were largely controlled by northwest- and northeast-trending antecedent joints, bedding, and lithology. Near-surface caves later collapsed forming valleys, and intervening towers or walls, and plains. Minor terra rossa formed on top of highs. Karstification was most pronounced in southern parts of Bathurst Inlet but decreased northward, probably reflecting varying lengths of exposure time along a north-dipping slope. The Kanuyak Formation is up to 65 m thick, and partially covers the underlying palaeokarst. It consists of six lithofacies: (i) breccia formed during collapse of caves, as reworked collapse breccia and regolith; (ii) conglomerate representing gravel-dominated braided-fluvial deposits; (iii) sandstone deposited as braided-fluvial and storm-dominated lacustrine deposits; (iv) interbedded sandstone, siltstone and mudstone of sheet flood origin; (v) dolostones formed from dolocretes and quiet-water lacustrine deposits; and (vi) red-beds representing intertidal-marine mudflat deposits. Rivers flowed toward the northwest and northeast within karst valleys and caves; lakes were also situated within valleys; marine mudflat sediments completely cover the palaeokarst to the north. A regional correlation of the sub-Kanuyak unconformity with the intra-Greenhorn Lakes disconformity within the Coppermine homocline suggests that similar styles of karstification occurred over an extensive region. The Elu Basin palaeokarst, however, was developed more landward, and was exposed for a longer period of time than the Coppermine homocline palaeokarst. 相似文献
3.
Fikry Ibrahim Khalaf 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(5-6):703-718
A paleokarstic zone capping the Middle Eocene dolomitic Dammam Formation delineates a regional disconformity with the overlying Mio-Pleistocene fluvial deposits in Kuwait. This formation outcrops in a quarry located in the southeast of Kuwait and occurs in the subsurface of Umm Ghudair water field, west Kuwait. Karstification has affected the upper member of the Dammam Formation, which is formed of extensively chertified, vuggy chalky biodolomicrite. Karstification is manifested by two phases: a dissolution phase that was responsible for the occurrence of surface and near surface karst features and a precipitation phase during which a karst carapace and dolocretic and calcitic pseudobreccias were developed. Petrographic investigations of both the biodolomicrites host rock and the karst lithotypes revealed a complex diagenetic history that encompasses the following diagenetic events, arranged in a chronological order: (a) replacive dolomitization, (b) precipitative dolomitization, (c) precipitative silica, (d) replacive silica, (e) karstification, (f) development of karst carapace [calcretization and calcitization (development of calcitic psuedobreccia)], (g) dolocretization (development of dolocretic psuedobreccia), (h) mild karstification, (i) calcite precipitation, and (j) silica precipitation. The development of the karst carapace at the unconformity surface between the Eocene Dammam Formation dolomicrites and the overlying Mio-Pleistocene Kuwait Group clastics has played a significant role in the hydrological characteristics of Kuwait usable groundwater resources. It is recommended that the occurrence of similar diagenetic processes within the Arabian carbonate shelf deposits be investigated. 相似文献
4.
The Ombilin Basin is filled by late Eocene to early Oligocene marginal fan deposits (Brani Formation) and lacustrine shales (Sangkarewang Formation), unconformably overlain by a late Oligocene to early Miocene fluvial sequence (Sawahlunto and Sawahtambang Formations) and capped by an early to mid-Miocene marine sequence (Ombilin Formation). Significant oil shale deposits occur in the Sangkarewang Formation, intercalated with thin laminated greenish-grey calcareous sandstones. X-ray diffraction shows that the sediments consist mainly of quartz, feldspar, carbonates and a range of clay minerals, together in some cases with minor proportions of sulphides, evaporites and zeolites. Feldspar and non-kaolinite clay minerals decrease up the sequence, relative to kaolinite, suggesting a changing sediment source as the basin was filled. Calcite, thought to be mainly of authigenic origin, is also more abundant in the middle and upper parts of the sequence.The organic matter in the oil shales of the sequence is dominated by liptinite macerals, particularly alginite (mainly lamalginite) and sporinite. Cutinite also occurs in some samples, along with resinite and traces of bituminite. The dominance of lamalginite in the liptinite components suggests that the material can be described as a lamosite. Samples from the Sangkarewang Formation have vitrinite reflectance values ranging between 0.37% and 0.55%. These are markedly lower than the vitrinite reflectance for coal from the overlying Sawahlunto Formation (0.68%), possibly due to suppression associated with the abundant liptinite in the oil shales.Fischer assay data on outcrop samples indicate that the oil yield is related to the organic carbon content. Correlations with XRD data show that, with one exception, the oil yield and organic carbon can also be correlated directly to the abundance of carbonate (calcite) and inversely to the abundance of quartz plus feldspar. This suggests that the abundance of algal material in the lake sediments was preferentially associated with carbonate deposition. High yields of oil are noted in some samples, as a percentage of the organic carbon content. This may indicate that partial generation of hydrocarbons from the material has already taken place, in association with thermal maturation of the Sangkarewang succession. 相似文献
5.
A review of the occurrence, form and origin of C-bearing species in the Khibiny Alkaline Igneous Complex, Kola Peninsula, NW Russia 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Khibiny Complex hosts a wide variety of carbon-bearing species that include both oxidized and reduced varieties. Oxidised varieties include carbonate minerals, especially in the carbonatite complex at the eastern end of the pluton, and Na-carbonate phases. Reduced varieties include abiogenic hydrocarbon gases, particularly methane and ethane, dispersed bitumens, solid organic substances and graphite. The majority of the carbon in the Khibiny Complex is hosted in either the carbonatite complex or within the so-called “Central Arch”. The Central Arch is a ring-shaped structure which separates khibinites (coarse-grained eudialite-bearing nepheline-syenites) in the outer part of the complex from lyavochorrites (medium-grained nepheline-syenites) and foyaites in the inner part. The Central Arch is petrologically diverse and hosts the major REE-enriched apatite–nepheline deposits for which the complex is best known. It also hosts zones with elevated hydrocarbon (dominantly methane) gas content and zones of hydrothermally deposited Na-carbonate mineralisation. The hydrocarbon gases are most likely the product of a series of post-magmatic abiogenic reactions. It is likely that the concentration of apatite-nepheline deposits, hydrocarbon gases and Na-carbonate mineralisation, is a function of long lived fluid percolation through the Central Arch. Fluid migration was facilitated by stress release during cooling and uplift of the Khibiny Complex. As a result, carbon with a mantle signature was concentrated into a narrow ring-shaped zone. 相似文献
6.
目前虽认为元坝气田长兴组天然气主要为原油裂解气,但尚未进行该气田的古油藏的定量恢复并计算原油裂解气的资源量,并系统分析古油藏原油的来源.长兴组储层普遍可见固体沥青,是原油裂解的直接产物,且原油裂解在本区构造抬升变形前就已经完成,因此储层沥青可用来识别古油层的分布.根据储层沥青的纵向和平面分布,确定了7个可靠的古油藏和4个可能的古油藏,并运用容积法恢复出本区聚集的古原油为6.14×108 t,计算出相应的原油裂解气为3 807.08×108 m3,远大于现今气田的天然气探明储量,表明原油裂解气可以提供充足的气源,进一步证明了天然气主要为原油裂解气.通过长兴组储层沥青与不同层系烃源岩干酪根的碳同位素δ13C值对比,并结合烃源层分布和TOC等资料,确定古油藏原油主要来源于有机质类型以Ⅱ型为主的上二叠统吴家坪组烃源岩,其次为长兴组/大隆组烃源岩.后者主要分布在广元-南江-通江地区,该区的天然气勘探不能忽视该套烃源岩的生烃潜力与成藏贡献. 相似文献
7.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(2):101342
Hydrous minerals within the subducting oceanic slab are important hosts for water. Clarification of the stability field of hydrous minerals helps to understand transport and distribution of water from the surface to the Earth’s interior. We investigated the stability of brucite, a prototype of hydrous minerals, by means of electrical conductivity measurements in both open and closed systems at 3 GPa and temperatures up to 1300 K. Dramatic increase of conductivity in association with characteristic impedance spectra suggests that partial dehydration of single-crystal brucite in the open system with a low water fugacity occurs at 950 K, which is about 300 K lower than those previously defined by phase equilibrium experiments in the closed system. By contrast, brucite completely dehydrates at 1300 K in the closed system, consistent with previous studies. Partial dehydration may generate a highly defective structure but does not lead to the breakdown of brucite to periclase and water immediately. Water activity plays a key role in the stability of hydrous minerals. Low water activity (aH2O) caused by the high wetting behavior of the subducted oceanic slab at the transition zone depth may cause the partial dehydration of the dense hydrous magnesium silicates (DHMSs), which significantly reduces the temperature stability of DHMS (this mechanism has been confirmed by previous study on super hydrous phase B). As a result, the transition zone may serve as a ‘dead zone’ for DHMSs, and most water will be stored in wadsleyite and ringwoodite in the transition zone. 相似文献
8.
为了明确黄陵地区中生代含煤岩系油气与铀成矿的耦合关系,进行了钻孔与剖面的野外地质调查、钻孔资料与实验数据的分析与处理、油气藏与铀矿（点）信息的综合整理,系统研究了中生代含煤岩系构造–沉积体系、铀矿地质特征和油气地质特征,从油气藏与铀矿（点）的空间分布关系、含烃流体与铀的伴生蚀变矿物的成因关系以及烃源岩生烃与铀成矿的时间关系展开讨论。研究表明:中生代含煤岩系铀矿（点）多分布在基岩剥蚀边界或小型断裂附近,且水平投影位于油气有利相带周缘;烃类流体组分及煤层气的中间产物可能参与氧化还原反应,生成黄铁矿、方解石等与铀矿物具有密切伴生关系的矿物;中生代含煤岩系烃源岩主生烃期和排烃期总体早于铀矿主成矿期,烃类流体可能通过运移影响铀成矿作用。 相似文献
9.
本文通过实际资料总结了地下水中可溶气态烃在不同地质体中的分布规律以及在碳氢化合物矿床找矿中的应用。使用本方法时应重视烃类气体的组合类型、重烃的多少及湿度系数的高低,并与其他水文地球化学指标相结合。对碳同位素的测定,可以判别气体成因属性。在普查勘探阶段,以研究上部水文地球化学带的可溶气态烃为主,可为早期含油远景预测提供依据,指出进一步工作的有利地区;在开发阶段,研究下部水文地球化学带的可溶气态烃,可提供较为可靠的勘探层段和钻孔。 相似文献
10.
在羌塘盆地已经发现了190余处油气显示。近年笔者在盆地北部晚侏罗世地层中发现了迄今最大规模的沥青脉。研究结果表明，该沥青脉产出于上侏罗统索瓦组地层之中，地层下部系与沥青脉的形成有一定关系的中株罗统夏里组局部含油气显示的盐丘。沥青族组分(％)为：饱和烃5．72、芳烃18．46、沥青质52.37、非烃23．45，说明核沥青脉经过了运移、氮化的过程。同时，沥青脉产出于复背斜范围内，利于油气聚集成藏。这一发现对于羌塘盆地的油气地质的作用具有现实意义。 相似文献
11.
Selection of a suitable reservoir for fluid storage depends on the reservoir characteristics including permeability, porosity, depth, and reservoir volume. A prospective injection site requires certain quantitative or qualitative value for every parameter involved in a selection criterion. The Barremian?Clower Aptian Zubair Formation, at the Burgan oilfield in southern Kuwait, was selected as a potential site for a deep slurry injection project. The Zubair Formation is a major siliciclastic wedge; the target zone (second sand layer) ranges in thickness from 85.3 to 115.8?m with lateral extension measuring 35 by 20?km. The Zubair Formation parameters were evaluated, using log information, provided by Kuwait Oil Company, from three existing oil wells in the Burgan oilfield, and applying Nadeem and Dusseault (Environ Geosci 14(2):61?C71, 2007) geological assessment model for deep slurry injection. The results of the model show that the Zubair Formation is an excellent reservoir to receive injected slurried waste. 相似文献
12.
“岩浆热场”说及其成矿意义(下) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
上篇(张旗等[1])初步讨论了岩浆热场说的概念,本文为下篇,主要谈应用,探讨它与成矿作用的关系。研究表明,岩浆热场说对热液成矿作用有重要的意义,可能解决了岩浆热液成矿作用中许多很难解释和争议很大的问题:如钨锡与金铜为什么相伴的问题,矿床为什么大多是多金属成矿的问题,远离侵入体的夕卡岩成因问题,成矿为什么滞后于花岗岩的问题,为什么有些岩体成矿,有些岩体不成矿的问题,为什么大规模岩浆活动与大规模成矿作用息息相关的问题等。岩浆热场与煤和油气成藏有关是一个重要的发现。岩浆热场对煤和油气生成、运移、聚集的影响主要表现在加速烃源岩的热演化,使生油门限变浅,使烃源岩进入高成熟或过成熟,使烃源岩中残余有机质丰度降低。令人感兴趣的是,岩浆热场说还导出了一个"成矿组合"的概念,所谓成矿组合是指在一个或大或小的区域内,在岩浆活动集中的时间段范围内,在热场的统一作用下所形成和影响的所有矿床,不论成因和矿种,均属于一个成矿组合。它包括下述4种类型的矿床:岩浆热液矿床、热泉型矿床、层状热液矿床及生物有机质矿床等。岩浆热场说对于找矿也有启示:首先,我们可以从3个不同的级别上(大规模岩浆活动级别;成矿带、成矿区、矿集区级别;单个矿床级别)规划找矿布局;其次,在岩浆热场的统一影响下将金属矿床和非金属矿床、热液矿床和沉积矿床、无机质矿床和有机质矿床联系起来;第三,推进不同类型矿床研究的互补和交流。看来,岩浆热场对于成矿的作用是最值得学术界关注的,它也许可以改变我们目前对成矿作用的某些根深蒂固的认识,开拓出一个新的领域,推进矿床学研究进入新的时代。 相似文献
13.
张昆山 《沉积与特提斯地质》2019,39(1):89-95
结合区域沉积背景,应用BS1-1取心井资料进行泥岩颜色、岩石组合、沉积结构、构造、粒度分布、沉积韵律等相标志分析,对BS油藏沉积微相特征进行了深入研究,分析了沉积微相对油气分布的控制作用。BS油藏PI油层组为扇三角洲前缘远端沉积,水下分流河道分布范围有限,仅在断层附近发育,河道前端受湖浪作用改造明显,前缘席状砂发育,偶见远砂坝,河道间微相不发育。沉积微相类型控制了储层类型及其展布方式和储集性能,沉积微相展布对油气分布具有明显的控制作用,水下分流河道生储盖组合良好,为油气有利富集相带。 相似文献
14.
内蒙古东胜铀矿区后生蚀变的稳定同位素特征及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近十几年来,在鄂尔多斯盆地北部伊盟隆起东胜及其以西杭锦旗一带,相继发现了东胜等系列大型-特大型砂岩铀矿,目前已成为中国砂岩铀矿发现潜力最大的地区。矿床的主要特征是矿体受直罗组砂岩绿色蚀变带控制;同时,在容矿层及其附近伴生有砂岩白色化、后生碳酸盐化及方解石脉、黄铁矿化等蚀变现象。通过后生蚀变的C、H、O、S等稳定同位素方面研究、示踪和探讨了蚀变的形成过程和成因及其与铀矿化的关系。镜下特征显示,铀矿石中存在的大颗粒结核状黄铁矿与铀矿物共生,两者为同时期的产物;该类样品S同位素表现为较大的负值,表明硫质来源的微生物作用特征明显;与盆地内可能提供硫源的直罗组煤屑、延安组煤层、延长组和延安组原油、上古生界煤系地层等有机S同位素对比,发现铀矿与上古生界煤系烃源岩的有机硫源关系密切。延安组顶部大规模白色化砂岩的高岭石H、O同位素表明,其成因与低温热液作用有关;容矿层后生方解石C、O同位素表明,其形成主要是有机质作用提供了碳源,且其碳质来源主要为上古生界气源岩,而与奥陶系及延长组油气的碳源无关。后生作用流体包裹体的测温及其H、O同位素组成表明,成矿流体以低温的大气降水为主,且与上古生界天然气一起形成低温热液的气-水混合流体;正是这一特点的流体作用形成了本区与铀矿化关系密切的上述各类后生蚀变现象。各类后生蚀变的稳定同位素特征表明,东胜铀矿床形成过程中存在后生低温热液和油气还原改造作用两大特点。本次研究结果为东胜铀矿区的成因认识提供了证据。 相似文献
15.
陆相湖盆致密油气与传统致密油气和页岩油气有相关性,也体现出较大的差异性.通过对渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔店组二段（孔二段）优质"生油岩"开展岩性、物性、生烃特性、含油性、脆性综合分析及勘探实践,发现了一种赋存于陆相湖盆细粒沉积岩（粒径小于62.5 μm）之中的油气,并提出了细粒岩油气的概念.细粒岩油气不同于传统的致密油气和页岩油气,具有以细粒沉积为主,主要发育碳酸盐岩、细粒长英沉积岩、细粒混合沉积岩3种岩类;纵向上表现为纹层状或块状沉积,平面上稳定分布;3种岩性均具备良好的生烃条件,均具有一定的储集空间,均有明显的含油气特征,脆性矿物含量均较高,具有较好的可压裂性.该类油气藏在空间上连续稳定分布,整体含油气,甜点段富集高产,通过分段分簇大型压裂改造,具备长期稳产的有利条件,是陆相湖盆非常规油气勘探的重点领域. 相似文献
16.
江汉盆地马王庙油田自生磁铁矿与烃运移相互关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究表明，已知油井M36井Ⅱ油组的含油层（位于Ⅱ油组的中—下部）中有明显呈规律分布的强磁性层。以平均值为例，含油岩层屑的饱和磁化强度Js=352.58A/m，饱和剩磁Jc=60.43A/m；而干层的Js=147.34A/m，Jr=22.09A/m。磁滞回线特征表明，含油层岩屑中以偏软的磁性矿物为主（平均矫顽力Hc=33.5mT，饱和磁场Hs=0.25T），而干层岩屑中主要为磁性偏碱的磁性矿物（Hc=44.2mT，H8=0.4T）。重矿物分析结果显示，干井M46井Ⅱ油组岩屑中含沙射影有较多的碎屑磁铁矿。磁学与矿物学参量的对应分析表明，含油层强磁性岩层的载体为自生成因的磁铁矿，而菱铁矿与黄铁矿为非磁性矿物，对Ⅱ油组岩层的磁性没有影响。由此，我们提出M36井含油层中的自生磁铁矿可能是原油的生物降解作用、碎屑矿物中高价铁的被置换及后期菱铁矿的氧化作用等多种不同时空条件下形成的产物。 相似文献
17.
四川盆地东北部元坝地区雷口坡组四段中的油气突破显示了其重要的油气地质意义。通过对野外露头、岩心、薄片、阴极发光、钻井、录井、测井和地震资料的综合分析,认为研究区发育地表残积相、洞穴垮塌堆积相、地下暗河搬运充填相、基岩溶蚀破裂相、基岩溶蚀相和基岩溶蚀交代相6种岩溶相类型。根据不同岩溶带的水动力作用特征,由上而下将其分为地表岩溶带、垂直渗流带、水平潜流带和深部岩溶带。以上部地层印模法为主并结合雷口坡组的残余地层分布、风化壳厚度发育情况恢复古岩溶地貌,进一步刻画元坝地区的微地貌情况,认为岩溶斜坡为最有利的储层发育地貌单元,其中以中上斜坡更优,岩溶残丘为最有利的储层发育微地貌单元。古岩溶对雷口坡组四段储层的形成具有重要的作用,有利储层的平面和纵向发育、分布受古岩溶作用特征的控制。 相似文献
18.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2016,57(9):1334-1341
The results of study of geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic and Lower Cambrian deposits within the Berezovka depression are presented. A mudstone member of the Seralakh Formation is assumed to be an oil source bed. We compiled a series of geochemical maps for this formation and estimated the hydrocarbon generation potential and the scales of oil and gas formation in its mudstone member, using the volumetric-genetic method. The migrated liquid hydrocarbons amount to about 8 billion tons. 相似文献
19.
在六盘山盆地新生界清水营组石膏中发现了大量的油气包裹体,而油气包裹体的研究对认识盆地新生界油气成藏条件,拓展盆地油气勘探思路具有重要的意义.通过野外地质调查、样品采集和分析测试等手段对清水营组石膏中油气包裹体的发育特征和组成特征进行研究,并开展油源对比,分析油气包裹体中油气的来源和形成过程,探讨了六盘山盆地新生界油气成藏条件和运聚特征.结果表明:清水营组结晶状石膏中油气包裹体中原油来源于清水营组烃源岩;纤维状石膏脉中油气包裹体原油来源于白垩系马东山组烃源岩.六盘山盆地清水营组泥岩具有生烃潜力,是盆地潜在的烃源岩;白垩系烃源岩生成的油气可以沿着断裂等输导体系向上覆地层运移,并在新生界聚集,沟通白垩系烃源岩断层附近的新生界圈闭是六盘山盆地有利的油气聚集区. 相似文献
20.
滇西兰坪盆地西缘铜矿床矿物流体包裹体研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
滇西兰坪中新生代盆地西缘发育众多的铜多金属矿床，主要以脉状或透镜状赋存于由砂岩、粉砂岩和页岩组成的含盐红色碎屑岩建造中，或产于火山岩中。本文在前人工作基础上，对区域3个代表性矿床进行了系统的矿物流体包裹体地球化学研究，结果表明：区域铜矿床矿物流体包裹体类型简单，以气液两相包裹体和液相包裹体为主；均一温度不高，显示成矿为中低温度；流体包裹体成分显示为a^＋（K^＋）＋Ca^2＋Cl^-＋SO^2-4型，表明成矿流体主要是以大气降水补给的热卤水；成矿流体气相组成主要为H2O和CO2，还原性烃类气体的存在并与氧化性气体的反相关关系显示其与盆地有机质的密切关系及在成矿过程中的重要性。结合成矿地质背景及矿物氢氧同位素的分析，认为该带中的矿床地幔物质参与成矿是次要的，成因上应为受深断裂控制的、大气降水补给的热卤水型矿床。 相似文献