共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
Prediction on the coupled thermal-hydraulic fields of embankment and cutting slopes is essential to the assessment on evolution of melting zone and natural permafrost table, which is usually a key factor for permafrost embankment designin frozen ground regions. The prediction may be further complicated due to the inherent uncertainties of materialproperties. Hence, stochastic analyses should be conducted. Firstly, Karhunen-Loeve expansion is applied to attain the random fields for hydraulic and thermal conductions. Next, the mixed-form modified Richards equation for mass transfer (i.e., mass equation) and the heat transport equation for heat transient flow in a variably saturated frozen soil are combined into one equation with temperature unknown. Furthermore, the finite element formulation for the coupled thermal-hydraulic fields is derived. Based on the random fields, the stochastic finite element analyses on stability of embankment are carried out. Numerical results show that stochastic analyses of embankment stability may provide a more rational picture for the distribution of factors of safety (FOS), which is definitely useful forembankment design in frozen ground regions. 相似文献
2.
Summary. A non-steady-state theoretical model is used to predict the present variation of temperature with depth in two boreholes in the Devon Island ice cap, Arctic Canada. The boreholes are 300 m apart and one of them reaches bedrock. The heat transfer equation is solved numerically with the record of past temperatures obtained from measurements of the variations of oxygen—isotope ratio with depth in the cores as surface boundary condition. The effects of ice advection, refreezing of meltwater percolating from the surface (the amount of which is recorded in the cores), heating due to firn compaction and ice deformation, and heat flow in the bedrock below the ice sheet are all included in the model. The free parameters are geothermal heat flux, present surface temperature and heat loss at the surface which depends on the depth of meltwater penetration and other factors. Agreement between observed and predicted temperature—depth profiles is very close. Latent heat released by percolating meltwater is the predominating factor in determining the temperature distribution in the upper half of each borehole. The temperature distribution is insensitive to the value of the factor used to convert oxygen—isotope ratio to temperature. 相似文献
3.
A. John Arnfield 《自然地理学》2013,34(3):220-239
A simulation model for surface cooling in urban street canyons under calm conditions is described, based upon a simplified energy budget for the canyon facets containing only the net longwave and substrate heat flux densities. The former term is evaluated from the canyon radiation budget model of Arnfield (1976), the latter by numerically approximating the Fourier heat conduction equation. Equilibrium temperatures evolve through the nocturnal period for specified canyon and incoming longwave irradiance characteristics. Numerical experiments conducted with the model show that canyon geometry alone exerts a significant effect on cooling rates and, hence, on heat island intensity. Construction materials and internal building climate control tend to enhance spatial variations in nocturnal temperatures. The effects of wall thickness, sky radiance distribution and cloud cover also are investigated. Results show qualitative and quantitative correspondences with previous field and scale-model studies. Sources of error and desirable model refinements are discussed. [Key words: urban climatology, heat island, heat flux, nocturnal cooling, simulation model.] 相似文献
4.
Summary. The conventional assumption of the equality of the slope of the empirical linear heat flow/heat generation relation and the logarithmic decrement in the exponential model of the heat production is not valid. The rigorous analysis of the heat flow equation shows that, with the increase of the magnitude of the slope, the invalidity becomes significant. In the Indian shield region, the available estimate of the slope is 14.8 km, while the corresponding logarithmic decrement value is 17.2 km, However, it may be emphasized that in the step model the slope is rightly interpreted as the thickness of the radioactive layer. 相似文献
5.
青藏高原北部五道梁地表热量平衡方程中各分量特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用青藏高原北部五道梁地区实测的太阳辐射及气象资料,计算分析了高原北部地面热量平衡方程中各分量特征,定义了一个无量纲参量土壤热平衡系数k。结果显示:五道梁地区地表净辐射及地面加热场强度表现为夏季大,冬季小,地表净辐射累年平均通量为65.5 W/m2;土壤热通量自1997年来有增大的趋势;土壤热平衡系数有增大的趋势,平均值为1.17;感热及潜热是地面热平衡方程中的大项,其中感热居首位,潜热居其次;暖季感热、潜热以相反的趋势变化,Bowen比β值有下降的趋势。 相似文献
6.
2005年6月1日到8月30日,在中国科学院三江平原沼泽湿地生态试验站沼泽综合试验场季节性积水沼泽湿地,观测了净辐射和土壤热通量;利用Penman-Monteith公式和地表能量平衡方程式计算了潜热通量和感热通量;同时用SHAW模型对以上4个能量平衡要素进行了模拟研究,并用观测值以及模型效率、标准差和平均方差检验和评价了其模拟效果。结果表明,三江平原季节性积水沼泽湿地净辐射在6月末至7月初较大;潜热通量主要受净辐射的影响,与土壤水分关系不密切;沼泽湿地地表在6月初至8月中旬以吸收能量为主,8月末以后则开始释放能量;感热通量在植物生长季的初期和末期较大,在中期则比较小。SHAW模型能较好的模拟出沼泽湿地的净辐射、潜热通量和土壤热通量;该模型虽对感热通量的模拟结果并不理想,但能较好的模拟其变化趋势。这说明SHAW模型基本适用于对季节性浅积水沼泽湿地（水深小于10cm）能量平衡各要素的模拟。 相似文献
7.
青藏高原西部的地面热源强度及地面热量平衡 总被引：23，自引：6，他引：17
以1997年11月至1998年10月青藏高原西部改则和狮泉河地区自动气象站(AWS)连续观测的近地层梯度资料,采用廓线-通量法计算出观测期逐日的总体输送系数,进而用总体公式得出两站逐日的地面感热和潜热通量。结果表明:在此观测期内青藏高原西部不论冬夏地面皆为热源,地面热源强度具有明显的季节变化,两站地面热源强度的年平均值分别为82.5W/m2和68.2W/m2。结合辐射和土壤热通量观测资料揭示了两站的地面热量平衡状况,用地面热量平衡方程对以上结果进行了闭合误差检验。 相似文献
8.
Summary. A geothermal and hydrochemical anomaly was observed in the Lower Triassic sandstone aquifer in the Vittel region (Vosges, France). This anomaly was attributed to a hydrothermal spring under sedimentary cover. In order to localize the hot spring and to quantify more precisely its flow rate and temperature, it is necessary to consider the 3-D thermal problem by taking into account the complex geometry of the domain and the flow rate in the aquifer. A 3-D numerical model of thermal conductive and forced convective transfer, developed for hydrological problems including approximate geometrical and topographical effects, is used which (i) can be directly applied to geologic strata (aquifers) with varying thickness and top and base slope; and (ii) allows calculation of heat flux anomalies associated with fluid flow in such geologically realistic aquifers.
The heat transfer equation is formulated in an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. As most geometries dealing with geothermal phenomena in sedimentary basins are nearly horizontal, this formulation can be simplified, leading readily to numerical solution with a finite difference method. The application of the 3-D model to the Vittel aquifer gives temperature results in agreement with measurements. These results provide evidence for the importance of associated forced convection and topographical effects for ground temperature distribution, and show clearly that heat flow in many basins is interpretable only if careful hydrological and thermal studies are made. 相似文献
The heat transfer equation is formulated in an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. As most geometries dealing with geothermal phenomena in sedimentary basins are nearly horizontal, this formulation can be simplified, leading readily to numerical solution with a finite difference method. The application of the 3-D model to the Vittel aquifer gives temperature results in agreement with measurements. These results provide evidence for the importance of associated forced convection and topographical effects for ground temperature distribution, and show clearly that heat flow in many basins is interpretable only if careful hydrological and thermal studies are made. 相似文献
9.
A stochastic model to quantify the steady-state crustal geotherms subject to uncertainties in thermal conductivity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this communication the 1-D steady-state heat conduction problem is solved in a stochastic framework incorporating uncertainties in the depth-dependent thermal conductivity. For this purpose, a new approach to the perturbation method, an expansion series method, which allows for the incorporation of a large variance in the controlling parameters, has been used. This method helps in avoiding assumptions on the probability distribution of the parameter and instead uses information pertaining to the mean and spatial correlation structure. This information is easily available in most geological situations and hence the thermal conductivity is assumed to have a Gaussian coloured noise correlation structure. With this information the stochastic heat conduction equation in equilibrium is solved and analytical expressions for the first two moments, that is, the mean and variance of the temperature field, are obtained. The expression for variance shows that it is highly dependent on the coefficient of variability of thermal conductivity, on the correlation length scale and on the depth. The methodology developed has been applied to quantify the steady-state geotherms, along with their associated error bounds, on a standard crustal model. 相似文献
10.
11.
This paper puts forward the coupling model of the heat-moisture-stress field based on the governing equation of
non-stationary heat transfer, moisture movement and the basic differential equations of deformation problem by displacement
under axisymmetric conditions. Using a detailed calculation example for the section of the Xiang Pi Mountain
in 109th National Highway, a mechanical model of the cylinder made by typical silty clay soil is simulated. Results show
that in the coupling process, dynamic stress pays little contribution to the distribution of temperature field along different
depths, and the amount of thawing deformation increased with dynamic loading time under the same frequency and
amplitude. 相似文献
12.
珠三角地区地表温度与土地利用类型关系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
随着城市化进程的加快,城市气候与环境问题日益显现,尤以城市热岛效应最为突出。通过监督分类方法对TM遥感影像进行了土地利用分类,并运用TM热红外波段线性拟合模型进行近地表气温反演,分析城市热岛的空间分布及地域性差异,以及与土地利用类型的关系。结果表明:珠三角地区近地表气温与土地利用类型紧密相关,城市建设区形成高温中心,是热岛的主要贡献因子,植被和水体则有明显的冷岛效应;研究区热岛具有区域性集中与分散分布的特点,且以区域性热岛为中心向周边扩展;分析热岛强度剖面线发现,由于地形、植被覆盖度等因素影响,研究区热岛强度的南北差异较大,而东西差异较小;热岛分布与土地利用类型分布格局较为一致,但也有分布不一致性的区域,表现为城市热岛向非城市建设用地扩展。 相似文献
13.
农作物分布对南水北调受水区域 陆面过程模拟的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文将中国陆面覆盖资料(CLCV)与全球农作物分布资料融合,获取了一套包含小麦、玉米和水稻这些农作 物分布的陆面覆盖资料(CLCV- 3C),并将该陆面覆盖资料以及CLCV 应用于陆面模式CLM针对南水北调受水区域 的数值模拟试验以探讨该区域农作物分布对陆面能量水分过程模拟的影响。结果显示,与原来没有区分这三种主 要农作物分布相比,考虑农作物分布后,小麦区模拟的多年平均净辐射、感热、径流会增加,而蒸散发会减少;玉米 区和水稻区的多年平均净辐射、感热、蒸散发均会增加,而径流会减少。这些研究表明,农作物分布对南水北调受水 区域陆面水分能量过程有不可忽视的影响。 相似文献
14.
15.
以天山北麓三工河流域绿洲．荒漠交错带为研究对象,以可视化开发语言Visual Basic 6．0作为主要开发工具,结合Access数据库,在传统SPAC系统原理的基础上开发了绿洲．荒漠交错带水热传输可视化模拟系统。该系统具备系统管理、数据输入、数据处理、信息查询、模型计算、地下水预测、图形绘制、结果输出等功能。充分考虑到实时预测的实际工作要求,在系统开发的过程中,力求将本项目所研制的各种预测方案集成为一个可实时业务化运行的软件系统。通过该模拟系统可预测绿洲-荒漠交错带植被蒸腾量、地表蒸发量和植被的根系吸水速率以及土壤水热动态传输过程,为绿洲-荒漠交错带地下潜水-土壤-植被-大气连续体中数据的管理、地下水的预测和GSVAC水热传输动态的计算机模拟提供了强大的软件环境。 相似文献
16.
巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山近地层温湿廓线与能量交换特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用兰州大学冰川与沙漠研究中心科学观测实验站2015—2016年获得的高大沙山微气象数据,分析了巴丹吉林沙漠温湿廓线结构、土壤分层温度、辐射通量等特征,利用组合法和一维热传导方程分别计算了湍流通量及土壤热通量。结果表明：（1）近地层大气自下而上呈现近似等温或逆温分布,冬季逆温层厚度大于夏季。（2）初次观测到逆湿现象,比湿夏季最大,冬季最小,秋季和春季次之,全年平均约为4.2 g·kg-1,高于塔克拉玛干沙漠。（3）土壤热通量在2月底至5月初振幅较大;感热通量具有显著的平均日变化特征,潜热通量平均日变化平稳,以0 W·m-2为中心上下波动。能量交换以感热通量为主,陆-气温度差异是沙山感热通量变化的主要影响和控制因子。 相似文献
17.
中国西部河谷型城市发展及其环境问题 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
分析了1949年以来中国西部河谷型城市的数目变化与空间分布、规模与职能变化。在此基础上，以西部部分河谷型城市为例，讨论了影响该类城市的环境污染和热岛效应等城市环境问题，并研究了环境问题的成因，认为工业化过程与城市化过程、地形条件、工业的空间布局、建设用地结构不合理和城市建设的间接效应等是造成目前西部河谷型城市环境问题突出的主要原因。 相似文献
18.
19.
TanGuang Gao Jie Liu TingJun Zhang ShiChang Kang ChuanKun Liu ShuFa Wang Mika Sillanpaa YuLan Zhang 《寒旱区科学》2020,(2):71-82
Understanding the interaction between groundwater and surface water in permafrost regions is essential to study flood frequencies and river water quality, especially in the high latitude/altitude basins. The application of heat tracing method,based on oscillating streambed temperature signals, is a promising geophysical method for identifying and quantifying the interaction between groundwater and surface water. Analytical analysis based on a one-dimensional convective-conductive heat transport equation combined with the fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing method was applied on a streambed of a mountainous permafrost region in the Yeniugou Basin, located in the upper Heihe River on the northern Tibetan Plateau. The results indicated that low connectivity existed between the stream and groundwater in permafrost regions.The interaction between surface water and groundwater increased with the thawing of the active layer. This study demonstrates that the heat tracing method can be applied to study surface water-groundwater interaction over temporal and spatial scales in permafrost regions. 相似文献