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1.
本文对我国勘察设计行业软件正版化与国产化的相关情况进行了系统思考,阐述了行业内软件正版化与国产化的现状与发展趋势,存在的主要问题,并提出了相关的对策建议。希望通过实施知识产权战略,实施以国产化推动正版化的重要举措,共同推进勘察设计行业软件正版化与国产化工作的健康发展。 相似文献
2.
The coastal waters of the former GDR comprising more than 9000 sqkm with a maximum width of 12 n.m. from the baseline and the 1600 sqkm inner bodden waters with a volume of about 6 cu.km are of unique importance to trade by providing transport by sea including three ferry links, to fishing, recreaation and other uses. Based on the results of monitoring programmes carried out between 1973 and 1988 and reviewing existing literature, the state of these waters is discussed. The paper starts with a characterization of the environmental background conditions of the area including its catchment region. Data on population density, fishing, industry, agriculutre and other information is tabulated as deemed necessary to understand the sensitivity of the coastal water and potential impacts on their state.The contamination load released into bodden waters and further into the Baltic Sea by eight relatively small rivers is quantified. In relation to the concentrations of contaminants such as heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons and organochlorines, there are no severe environmental problems. However, nutrients and their cycling in the system cause eutrophication. This results (a) in reduced usefulness of the bodden waters for recreation and even fishing, (b) in anoxic sediments and (c) in declining benthos colonization. For some of the contaminants inter-annual and spatial trends were found to be of statistical significance. Summarizing the present knowledge on the state of the coastal waters and realising obvious gaps in the complex scientific understanding and forecasting, measures required to reduce the contaminant load are proposed. 相似文献
3.
Groundwater is the main source of water supply for drinking and agriculture uses in Mazandaran province. In recent years,
the rapid growth of population and the increased need for water and food has put its land and water resources under severe
stress. The main objective of this study was to investigate the temporal trends in annual, seasonal and monthly groundwater
level using the Mann–Kendall test and the Sen’s slope estimator in the area during 1985–2007. The results indicated a mix
of negative and positive trends in the groundwater level series. However, the positive trends were much more than negative
ones. The statistical tests detected a significant increasing trend in more than 28% of the wells. The stronger increasing
trends were identified in the series in summer and spring compared with those in autumn and winter. Moreover, the highest
numbers of wells with significant positive trends occurred in August and July, respectively. The results of spatial analysis
showed that the significant positive trends were concentrated in the central parts of Mazandaran province where paddy fields
are the major water demanders. Analysis of climatic parameters revealed that decreasing trend of relative humidity and increasing
trends of minimum and maximum air temperature can be attributed to groundwater level fluctuations in the study region. The
research will be helpful for planners and policy makers to allocate groundwater resources in different sectors including agriculture,
drinking and industry. 相似文献
4.
David Correia 《Geoforum》2010,41(1):66-73
Beginning in the 1990s, private ownership in Maine forestland shifted from a number of corporate owners to a patchwork of timber investment management organizations (TIMOs) and real estate investment trusts (REITs). This transformation reflected restructuring trends in the paper and pulp industry. During this same period, forest certification increased to levels that today make Maine one of the most certified states in the United States with nearly 8 million acres certified by one of a number of certifying entities. This paper examines the contradictory tensions of these trends. Specifically, the conservation goals of certification are undercut by increased investment in timber resources characterized by new financial instruments focused on return on investments. The increased use of first-party, industry-based certification suggests that the antagonisms between capital and conservation are being resolved in ways that undermine the purported conservation goals of forest certification standards. 相似文献
5.
在“双碳”目标下,油气行业面临着保障能源供应和绿色低碳发展的双重使命.分析全球能源转型大势下油气行业面对的新趋势和面临的新要求,提出“双碳”目标下我国油气产业发展路径.一是坚定不移持续加大勘探开发,确保国家核心油气需求供给安全;二是加大油气生产过程节能减碳改造,努力实现绿色低碳发展;三是推动油气传统能源与风光等新能源协同发展,实现油气能源与新能源融合互促;四是积极拓展共生伴生资源,打造新的业务增长极;五是大力发展碳捕获、利用与封存（Carbon Capture,Utilization and Storage,CCUS）负碳产业,发挥其在落实“双碳”目标中的兜底作用. 相似文献
6.
In 1980, the Arizona legislature passed the Groundwater Management Act (GMA), creating the active management areas (AMAs) to protect shared groundwater resources and to control severe overdrafts occurring in many parts of the state. With the 30-year anniversary of the GMA approaching, this article addresses the question: Have there been notable changes in the trends in observed groundwater levels in the AMAs from before enactment of the GMA until present? New tools developed for the US Geological Survey’s National Water Availability and Use Pilot Program are used to analyze and present trends in observed groundwater level data. Trends in groundwater levels in the AMAs were investigated for 10-year time periods from 1970 through 1999 and an 9-year period from 2000–2008. Results indicate that the number of wells with rising trends in water levels increased and the number of wells with falling trends in water levels decreased during the early decades after passage of the GMA in the most-populated Phoenix and heavily agricultural Pinal AMAs. However, these trends in water levels are reversed during the 1995–2004 time period. The value of trend analyses would be improved by consistent groundwater-level monitoring in both developed and undeveloped areas of the region. 相似文献
7.
Michelle Buckley 《Geoforum》2012,43(2):250-259
As a crisis that was precipitated in part by risky forms of investment in the built environment, construction workers, and particularly migrants employed in the industry have been at the forefront of job-losses worldwide since 2008. I offer a reading of construction unemployment through David Harvey’s theorisation of the secondary circuit of capital, arguing that these trends reflect the industry’s immanent connections to the built environment and to volatile, debt-fuelled urbanisation strategies which have played a crucial role in absorbing global capital surpluses in recent years. I ground this international perspective through a case study on the crisis experiences of a group of migrant construction workers from the south Indian state of Kerala who lost their jobs in Dubai in 2009. Based on interviews with migrants who returned home following the collapse of the emirate’s construction sector, I explore how a number of place-specific relationships that transect the Kerala–Dubai construction labour market served to compound these workers’ economic insecurity following the crisis. These include the immense migration debts that migrants shouldered, the insecure and exploitative character of employment in Dubai’s building trades, and the particular vulnerability of Dubai’s construction markets to the retreat of finance capital from the Gulf region in 2008. Workers’ accounts offer insights into the uneven and trans-local geometries of risk that define contemporary construction work in Dubai. More broadly, they provide a key perspective on the precarious producer geographies that underpin the secondary circuit of capital. 相似文献
8.
Niels Fold 《Geoforum》1998,29(4):393-412
Some observers of agro-industrial development in the Third World recognize the nation state as an important locus for mediation of conflicts between different social forces but fail to analyze the regulatory mechanisms and their effect on the dynamics of particular agro-industries. This paper proposes an analytical model to study agro-industrial regulation in a national framework. The purpose is to investigate the dynamics between changing forms of state regulation and particular industry governance system in the vegetable oil industry in Malaysia and Zimbabwe. State regulation and industry governance systems differ in a number of ways between the two countries. However, in each country there is a correspondence between the dominant form of state regulation and the industrial governance system. The study confronts some of the basic assumptions within the food regime approach and stress the need to incorporate the properties of the crops in the analysis of (agro-)industry governance systems. 相似文献
9.
《Geoforum》2015
This study explores the spatial transformation of urban South Africa since the ending of Apartheid rule two decades ago. It places this experience within the context of countries which have also gone through a “loosening” of political control and of related controls over spatial arrangements. The paper provides a discussion of South Africa’s spatial trends between 1996 and 2011, focusing on urbanisation; urban form; and socio-spatial segregation, and exploring the extent to which changes identified are shaped by the state, private sector investment, and the everyday actions of households and individuals. It shows that South Africa’s urban spatial transformation, post-Apartheid, is both idiosyncratic and comparable. The consequences of spatial controls, and of their loosening, have been diverse across countries, but also within countries. Loosening has led to differing relationships between state, citizenry and private enterprise, and to complex new crossing points between these groupings, affecting spatial change. In South Africa, significant trends have been: movement to the major cities where employment growth is stronger; levels of racial desegregation; and densification of parts of cities and towns, along with peripheral growth and employment decentralisation. Many of the changes however are differentiated across space and between settlements. While proactive state policies have had some impact (not necessarily in the direction of desired spatial transformation), and there are complex interrelationships, our empirical studies suggest that the major weight of evidence is towards the roles of private enterprise and people in shaping spatial change, enabled in part by forms of state loosening. 相似文献
10.
The global minerals industry experienced several structural adjustments during the 1980s. The changes were accompanied by shifts in investment by region, commodity, and type of project. Planned increases in production capacity in the 1990s and beyond suggest that a highly-significant amount of capital will be required to finance long-term expansion, notwithstanding an increasingly capital-scarce environment. This paper examines recent trends of investment in the global minerals industry, and describes likely investment flows in the future. The authors focus on the investment requirements in transitional economies for the major metals. 相似文献
11.
省属国有煤矿在福建煤炭工业中始终起着主渠道的作用。目前全省国有煤矿的保有储量十分有限，且分布不均。根据福建省煤炭资源赋存条件与特点，应对煤炭工业的发展给予扶持政策，加强勘查力度，开展矿区及外围找煤，改进生产工艺，整顿矿山生产秩序等行之有效地措施，使福建煤炭工业走上可持续发展之路。 相似文献
12.
本文回顾了我国工程地质及其分支学科的发展和现状,指出了我国工程地质工作中存在的主要问题以及今后的发展趋向。 相似文献
13.
The ability to deduce exhumation mechanisms from thermochronological data is hampered by the fact that assumptions on the thermal state of the lithosphere have to be made. Additional argumentation is generally required to discriminate between erosion-controlled and tectonically induced exhumation. This problem can be overcome by studying the spatial distribution of zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He and fission track data. In this work the variation of four different low temperature isotopic systems generating age trends along a sampling line is used to infer mechanisms of Quaternary exhumation in the Central High Himalayan Metamorphic Belt. Observed zircon age trends with southwards increasing cooling ages (from 0.5 to 1.7 Ma) are attributed to tectonically induced exhumation. The uniform apatite cooling ages clustered c. 0.5 Ma are attributed to erosion. 相似文献
14.
Heavy metals on tidal flats in the Yangtze Estuary, China 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Five short cores were used to examine heavy metals on tidal flats in the Yangtze Estuary, China. Statistically insignificant
trends in lead-210 and most metals with core depth are primarily due to high sedimentation rates. Metal contents are correlated
with percent aluminum, which reflects the clay contents in the sediment, and they are also affected by proximity to sewage
outlets and local industry. National standards for copper are exceeded in four cores, zinc in one core, and arsenic in all
cores. Heavy metal contents are generally lower on the Yangtze tidal flats compared to most other estuaries because high sediment
loads dilute metal inputs.
Received: 1 June 1999 · Accepted: 15 August 2000 相似文献
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《Geoforum》2016
In this paper we present the findings of a qualitative investigation of change trends in urban freight deliveries. The empirical material was gathered with urban freight (courier) company managers and drivers in Aotearoa New Zealand. It presents personal accounts of the everyday lived experiences of those intimately involved in the delivery of goods within the urban environment. Twenty-five interviews were conducted across four urban centres between June and September 2015. We use the four elements of the Energy Cultures Framework to explore what urban freight managers and drivers ‘have’, ‘do’ and ‘think’, and the pressures of an external context. Four interrelated themes are presented. 1. Online shopping and home deliveries, 2. Tracking and transparency, 3. New technologies, and 4. Meeting (changing) expectations, with evidence provided by way of verbatim quotations. The ‘mobility cultures’ concept is used to explore the relationships between the four themes, and to identify the key change trends that may affect the ability of the freight industry to contribute to a low-carbon transport transition. We conclude by signalling some policy implications and future research directions. 相似文献
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铟资源广泛应用于ITO靶材、半导体化合物、焊料及合金等材料的生产制造,是21世纪重要的战略金属。文章基于铟资源全产业链视角,通过分析2000年以来全球铟资源供给与消费格局,并展望未来供需趋势,得出的结论主要有:(1)全球再生铟供给已超过原生铟供给;原生铟供给高度集中在中国、韩国、日本、加拿大四国;再生铟供给集中于日本、韩国。(2)全球铟资源消费量大幅增长,二十年来,翻了两番;日本与韩国是全球铟资源的消费主体;ITO靶材是主要消费领域。(3)2007年以来,全球铟资源总供给量大于总消费量600 t,预判这部分差量进入了国家储备。(4)未来中国增加铟资源供给的途经可以借鉴日本与韩国的经验,从社会存量中再利用铟资源,提高铟全产业链利用效率。 相似文献
20.
We present the results of analysis of numerical calculations of the thermal state of permafrost grounds at different depths using a model of heat and moisture transport in the ground developed at the Oboukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS). For high-latitude regions of Russia, the model-estimated temperature trends in grounds (around 0.3°C/10 years at a depth of 3 m) are quite consistent with empirical estimates for the past few decades. 相似文献