共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 687 毫秒
1.
黏土类土石混合体常作为路基填料在工程中广泛应用,然而其在交通荷载作用下的动力特性方面研究较少。为此,本文以0.05 Lc(Lc为圆柱试样直径)为土体、块石分类阈值,根据土石混合体中砾石掺量、侧限压力的不同,采用自振柱仪对其在小应变(10^-6~10^-4)下的动剪切模量和阻尼比进行研究。结果表明:土石混合体最大动剪切模量随砾石掺量的增加而不断增大,且在20%~40%掺量区间内增幅最大,随侧限压力的增加而增大,且增幅逐渐变小;在应变幅值相同的条件下,动剪切模量衰变程度随砾石掺量的增加而不断减少,且在20%~40%掺量区间内减幅最大,随侧限压力的增加而减小,且减幅逐渐变小;最小、最大阻尼比随砾石掺量和侧限压力的增加而减少。结合试验结果分别从颗粒“骨架”结构性、动态结构稳定性、材料密实度、能量耗散等方面阐述块石掺量和侧限压力对土石混合体动剪切模量和阻尼比的影响机理。最后采用优化Hardin-Drnevich模型建立砾石掺量、侧限压力与土石混合体动力特性参数(最大动剪切模量、参考剪应变、最大阻尼比、最小阻尼比)之间的估算公式,以期为土石混合路基的动力设计和施工提供指导。 相似文献
2.
Frozen soil plays an important role on the stability of railway and highway subgrade in cold regions. However, the dynamic properties of frozen soil subjected to the freeze–thaw cycles have rarely been investigated. In this study, cryogenic cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on frozen compacted sand from Nehe, Heilongjiang Province in China which was subjected to the closed-system freeze–thaw cycles. A modified Hardin hyperbolic model was suggested to describe the backbone curves. Then, dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio versus cyclic shear strain were analyzed under the different freeze–thaw cycles, temperatures, initial water contents, loading frequencies and confining pressures. The results indicate that the freeze–thaw process plays a significant effect on the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio, which slightly change after one freeze–thaw cycle. Dynamic shear modulus increases with increasing initial water content, temperature, loading frequency and confining pressure. Damping ratio increases with increasing initial water content, while decreases with increasing temperature and loading frequency. The effect of confining pressure on the damping ratio was found not significant. Furthermore, the empirical expressions were formulated to estimate dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of the frozen compacted sand. The results provide guidelines for evaluating the infrastructures in cold regions. 相似文献
3.
Experimental investigations and modeling of nonlinear elasticity of fiber-reinforced soil under cyclic loading at small strain are conducted in this paper. The investigations include three aspects. First, cyclic shear tests are conducted using conventional triaxial apparatus. Twenty-seven specimens with three different fiber contents are employed to conduct triaxial cyclic shear tests under different confining pressure and loading repetition. Effects of geofiber, confining pressure and loading repetition on elastic shear modulus of reinforced soil are studied and analyzed. Second, a hyperbolic function is introduced to describe the nonlinear stress–strain skeletal curve under cyclic loading. Nonlinear elastic modulus is expressed as a function of shear strain and two variables A and B that are related to the initial tangential modulus and ultimate cyclic loading stress, respectively. In the present paper, variables A and B both are further assumed to be functions of geofiber content, confining pressure and loading repetition. Finally, eight constitutive coefficients of the nonlinear elastic model are calibrated using stress–strain curves from cyclic triaxial shear tests. The calibration of parameters is conducted using the technique of the linear regression for multiple variables. Impacts and effects of geofiber, confining pressure and loading repetitions on soil nonlinear elastic behavior are discussed. 相似文献
4.
5.
复杂应力条件下饱和松砂单调与循环剪切特性的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文利用大连理工大学新引进与开发的“土工静力-动力液压-三轴扭转多功能剪切仪”,针对福建标准砂,在不排水条件下同时进行了单调剪切试验与循环剪切试验,进而对其进行了对比分析。通过比较表明,应力-应变关系的应变软化和硬化特性与流滑变形和循环流动特性密切相关,当循环剪切应力水平高于单调剪切过程中应变软化阶段最小强度时将会发生流滑变形。无论在单调剪切中,还是在循环剪切中,稳定状态时的有效偏应力比随着大主应力方向与竖向之间夹角的增大而减小,在中主应力系数相同的条件下,循环剪切中呈现显著剪胀时的有效偏应力比和最终稳定状态时的有效偏应力比峰值分别与单调剪切中达到相变状态时的有效偏应力比和最终稳定有效偏应力比基本上一致。然而不排水条件下单调与循环剪切过程中孔隙水压力的增长特性却并不相同,循环剪切中的最大孔隙水压力随着初始主应力方向角的增大而减小,单调剪切中的最大孔隙水压力却随着主应力方向角的增大而增大。 相似文献
6.
《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2012,34(1):38-53
Recycled tire rubber in mixtures with granular soils has been found recently applications in many civil engineering projects. The paper presents a synthesis of the dynamic strain-dependent properties of the commonly used soil/rubber mixtures, which are necessary in any seismic design. We focus herein on high-amplitude resonant column tests on granular soil/rubber mixtures with varying percentage of rubber. The most important characteristics of the dynamic properties of the mixtures like the confining pressure, the content of rubber, the grain-size characteristics of the physical portion of the mixtures as well as the relative size of soil versus rubber solids, are thoroughly discussed. We propose generic normalized shear modulus and damping ratio versus shearing strain amplitude curves for dry mixtures of sand/rubber (SRM) and gravel/rubber (GRM) appropriate for the engineering practice. Finally, we summarize analytical expressions for small-strain shear modulus and damping ratio for SRM and GRM proposed in previous studies. 相似文献
7.
To identify the effect of non-plastic silt on the cyclic behavior of sand–silt mixtures, total sixty undrained cyclic triaxial stress-control tests were carried out on sand–silt mixtures. These tests were conducted on specimens of size 71 mm diameter and 142 mm height with a frequency of 1 Hz. Specimens were prepared at a constant relative density and constant density approach. The effect of relative density, confining pressure as well as magnitude of cyclic loading was also studied. For a constant relative density (Dr=60%) the effect of limiting silt content, pore pressure response and cyclic strength was observed. The rate of generation of excess pore water pressure with respect to cycles of loading was found to initially increase with increase in silt content till the limiting silt content and thereafter it reverses its trend when the specimens were tested at a constant relative density. The cyclic resistance behavior was observed to be just opposite to the pore pressure response. Permeability, CRR and secant shear modulus decreased till limiting silt content; after that they became constant with increasing silt content. 相似文献
8.
振动频率对饱和砂土液化强度的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用“土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪”对饱和砂土进行了一系列动三轴实验,探讨了振动频率对液化强度数值的影响程度。在1．0、1．5固结比和0．05、0．10、1．00Hz振动频率条件下,针对相对密实度分别为70％、28％的密砂和松砂进行了100、200、300kPa围压和100kPa围压条件下的液化强度实验。实验结果表明,饱和密砂和松砂在各种固结条件下,液化强度随着振动频率的增大而增大,相同破坏振次时,各种实验条件下的液化强度与振动频率的关系在双对数坐标上均符合线性关系;振动频率由0．05Hz变化到1．00Hz时,液化强度相差达25％以上;动强度指标翰值随振动频率的增大而增大,最大相差12．2％;随着振动频率的增大,砂土达到液化破坏所需的时间明显缩短;振动频率对松砂液化强度的影响比对密砂的影响更为显著。 相似文献
9.
Under seismic excitation, liquefied clean medium to dense cohesionless soils may regain a high level of shear resistance at large shear strain excursions. This pattern of response, known as a form of cyclic mobility, has been documented by a large body of laboratory sample tests and centrifuge experiments. A plasticity-based constitutive model is developed with emphasis on simulating the cyclic mobility response mechanism and associated pattern of shear strain accumulation. This constitutive model is incorporated into a two-phase (solid–fluid), fully coupled finite element code. Calibration of the constitutive model is described, based on a unique set of laboratory triaxial tests (monotonic and cyclic) and dynamic centrifuge experiments. In this experimental series, Nevada sand at a relative density of about 40% is employed. The calibration effort focused on reproducing the salient characteristics of dynamic site response as dictated by the cyclic mobility mechanism. Finally, using the calibrated model, a numerical simulation is conducted to highlight the effect of excitation frequency content on post-liquefaction ground deformations. 相似文献
10.
Masayuki Hyodo Noritaka Aramaki Masayuki Itoh Adrian F.L. Hyde 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1996,15(5):331-336
Cyclic triaxial tests have been carried out on a skeletal carbonate sand from the west coast of Eire. Results are presented for undrained cyclic shear tests on samples with 80% of relative density consolidated under both isotropic and anisotropic conditions. Failure was defined as a 5% double amplitude cyclic strain and a 5% peak axial strain for stress-reversal and non-reversal stress conditions, respectively. Using this definition the cyclic strength for isotropically consolidated samples was affected by the confining pressure although the angular platey nature of the sand resulted in higher cyclic strengths than for a comparable silica sand. For anisotropically consolidated samples the cyclic strength increased with increasing initial static shear stress while on the other hand the cyclic strength normalised in the usual way with respect to the initial confining pressure decreased as this pressure increased. 相似文献
11.
An experimental study of the liquefaction strength of silty sands in terms of the state parameter 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
An elaborate program of monotonic and cyclic triaxial laboratory tests on mixtures of sand and silt with fines content 0%, 15% and 25% was performed to investigate the effect of density, consolidation stress and non-plastic fines on the liquefaction strength. The monotonic tests illustrated that the critical state lines of all mixtures do not cross each other, and are, approximately, parallel to each other. The results of the cyclic tests illustrated that the relationship between the cyclic strength and the state parameter does not depend on the consolidation stress, the soil density and the silt content. Analysis in terms of the state parameter showed that: (i) as the consolidation stress increases, the cyclic strength decreases and this effect is more pronounced as the specimens become denser, especially as the fines content increases and (ii) the cyclic strength decreases as the fines content increases and this effect is more pronounced as the specimens become denser. 相似文献
12.
The effect of plastic fines on the pore pressure generation characteristics of saturated sands 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mehdi Derakhshandi Ellen M. Rathje Kenan Hazirbaba S.M. Mirhosseini 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(5):376-386
Pore water pressure generation during earthquake shaking initiates liquefaction and affects the shear strength, shear stiffness, deformation, and settlement characteristics of soil deposits. The effect of plastic fines (kaolinite) on pore pressure generation in saturated sands was studied through strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests. In addition to pore pressure generation, this experimental study also focused on evaluating the threshold shear strain for pore pressure generation and the volumetric compressibility of specimens during pore pressure dissipation. The results reveal that specimens having up to 20% plastic fines content generated larger values of pore water pressure than clean sand specimens. At 30% fines content, the excess pore water pressure decreased below that of clean sand. The threshold shear strain, which indicates the strain level above which pore pressures begin to generate, was assessed for different kaolinite–sand mixtures. The threshold shear strain was similar for 0–20% fines (γt0.006–0.008%), but increased to about 0.025% for 30% fines. The volumetric compressibility, measured after pore pressure generation, was similar for all specimens. The transition of behavior at fines contents between 20% and 30% can be attributed to a change in the soil structure from one dominated by sand grains to one dominated by fines. 相似文献
13.
在混凝土空心砌块的空腔中填入橡胶砂形成的组合砌块（RSMCB）可作为简易隔震层应用于村镇建筑防震减灾。建立RSMCB的三维数值分析模型,进行循环剪切试验以及隔震分析,研究不同橡胶砂配比、竖向压应力、盖板尺寸和盖板埋深对隔震砌块动刚度和阻尼比的影响,分析不同的上部配重、输入地震波、橡胶砂配比、盖板尺寸和铺设方式对RSMCB垫层隔震效果的影响。结果表明:（1）橡胶砂芯组合砌块应变软化现象明显。（2）RSMCB的水平动刚度随橡胶砂配比增大而减小,随盖板埋深、盖板尺寸以及竖向压应力的增大而增大。（3）阻尼比随橡胶砂配比、竖向压应力、盖板尺寸和埋深的增大而减小,橡胶砂芯组合砌块隔震消能效果显著。在隔震数值模拟中,输入加速度在经过橡胶砂芯组合砌块垫层过滤后均有不同程度的降低,且被过滤掉大部分高频波。隔震效应随着盖板尺寸的增大而减小,上部结构配重越大,隔震效应越明显,橡胶砂配比为30%时RSMCB垫层隔震效应更好。橡胶砂芯组合砌块符合在村镇欠发达地区低成本隔震的要求,表现出广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
14.
Mitsutoshi Yoshimine Hiroto Nishizaki Kei Amano Yasuyo Hosono 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2006,26(2-4):253-264
This paper intended to evaluate the behavior of saturated sand and sloped ground subjected to flow failure with seepage of pore water in the ground after earthquake and the resultant liquefaction. Triaxial compression tests of sand with constant deviator stress but changing of pore pressure and volume of the specimens were conducted in this study. It was revealed that the relation between the volume change and the amount of shear strain during deformation depended on the initial density of the sand but it did not much depend on shear stress and initial confining stress levels. Based on this test results and numerical analysis of the seepage of pore water in liquefied ground, a methodology was proposed to predict the deformation of inclined ground due to liquefaction. 相似文献
15.
The mechanical response to cyclic loading of saturated cohesionless soils is usually investigated by means of effective stress method considering pore water pressure changes that lead to reduced strength and stiffness. On the other hand, the behavior of partially saturated sands is different from the behavior of saturated sand deposits. The development of negative pore water pressures in particular makes it difficult to estimate the behavior of partially saturated sands. The response of partially saturated sands, however, can be examined in a physically understandable manner by investigating their energy characteristics independently of pore pressure behavior. To establish a general framework for understanding the behavior of partially saturated sand, a total of 52 resonant column and dynamic torsional shear tests were conducted under undrained conditions. The effects of factors such as the amplitude of shear strain, relative density, saturation ratio and confining pressure on the dynamic characteristics of the sand and on energy dissipation were studied. The use of the energy concept in the evaluation of partially saturated soils is shown to be a promising method for the evaluation of the cyclic behavior of partially saturated sands. 相似文献
16.
针对荆江大堤江陵段下伏地层广泛分布的饱和粉细砂,参照原位试验成果重塑粉细砂试样,按估算的固结应力比(Kc约为1.6)对试样动剪模量、阻尼比及总应力动强度进行测试,结果表明:(1)试样应力-应变骨干曲线与Hardin-Drnevich双曲线模型假设高度吻合,Hardin公式可很好地拟合动模量/阻尼比与动应变的关系。在研究试样密实度范围内,最大动模量随围压和密实度的增加而增加,但围压对动模量的敏感性更高,且相同围压下动剪模量比与动应变关系曲线近乎重合。围压增大或密实度升高均会引起阻尼比的降低,1%应变对应的阻尼比分布在0.15~0.21之间;(2)偏压状态下以累积轴向应变5%作为液化判别标准进行抗液化强度试验,随特征振次及测试围压的增大,液化动剪应力比相应减小,试样振动孔压比最高仅能达到0.8~0.9;(3)由总应力法求取的动内摩擦角与黏聚力均随设定特征振次的增加而下降,且内聚力并非约等于0,表明动力作用下该试样具有一定的黏滞性。 相似文献
17.
土的最大动剪切模量、剪应变幅和阻尼比是对土层进行动力反应分析的重要力学参数。利用英国GDS公司生产的RCA共振柱仪,研究围压对都江堰地区粉质粘土的上述动力学参数的影响。研究表明：相同围压条件下,最大动剪切模量、剪应变幅和阻尼比随重复次数基本不变,表明该试验过程具有可重复性;最大动剪切模量、剪应变幅和阻尼比均受围压影响较大,随着围压的增大,最大动剪切模量和阻尼比均逐渐增大,而剪应变幅随着围压的增大逐渐减小。据此,建立了都江堰地区粉质粘土动力学参数随围压变化的经验公式。本研究可为土层地震动力反应分析提供参考并积累基础资料。 相似文献
18.
Laboratory cyclic triaxial tests were performed to investigate the effect of fine content on the pore pressure generation in sand. Strain-controlled, consolidated undrained tests have been performed with a cyclic shear strain range of 0·015-1·5%. These tests were carried to 1000 cycles or to initial liquefaction, which ever occurred first. Triaxial tests were performed on pure sand silt specimens and specimens with silt additions of 10, 20, 30, and 60% by weight. Two types of silt, a non-plastic silt and a low plasticity silt (PI 10) were used as control materials. The main parameters varied in this study were the amount of silt, the plasticity index of silt, and the void ratio where the observed parameter was the pore pressure generation. For all silt contents, silt plasticity and the number of loading cycles have no significant effect at strain levels below 0·01%. Therefore, threshold strain for silty sands have approximately the same value as sands. For both non-plastic and low plasticity silts, there is a significant increase in the generated pore pressure at high strain levels. 相似文献
19.
In the first part of this study, a series of stress-controlled hollow cylinder cyclic torsional triaxial shear tests were conducted on loose to medium dense saturated samples of clean Toyoura sand to investigate its liquefaction behavior. A uniform cyclic sinusoidal loading at a 0.1 Hz frequency was applied to air-pluviated samples where confining pressure and relative density was varied. Cyclic shear stress–strain changes, the number of cycles to reach liquefaction and pore pressure variations were recorded. Results indicate that the liquefaction resistances of uniform sands are significantly affected by the method of sample preparation and initial conditions. 相似文献
20.
Cheng Haixu Wu Kaitong Zhang LiuCenter for Analysis Prediction SSB Beijing China Institute of Geology SSB Beijing China 《中国地震研究》1995,(2)
In this paper,compression tests of intact granite samples have been made in a triaxial testing machine with solid confining pressure.From the tests,the influences of confining pressure and loading rate(axial strain rate)on the deformation and fracture process of rock samples,on the stress drop and recurrence interval of stick-slip events,and on the geometric distribution of the main fracture have been studied.The experimental results show that the loading rate influences the stress drop and recurrence interval of stick-slip events greatly.At lower loading rates,the stress drop of stick-slip events is greater,their recurrence interval is longer and shows no regularity in distribution.When the loading rate goes higher,the stress drop will become smaller and the recurrence interval will tend to be constant and stick-slip events show a quasi-periodicity.At lower confining pressures and strain rates,the main fracture may evolve into 2 X-shaped conjugate shear faults; whereas at higher confining pressures and 相似文献