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1.
中国北方未来50年土地利用变化模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 IntroductionLand use m odelling is a useful tool to analyze the land use cause, process and result, torecognize the im pact of land use system change on ecological environm ent,and to support theland use planning and policy (IIA SA ,1998;Costanza etal.,… 相似文献
2.
中国北方未来土地利用变化情景模拟 总被引：56，自引：5，他引：51
利用系统动力学 (SD) 的原理和方法,发展了区域土地利用情景变化SD模型。在不同系统状态下,模拟了中国北方13省未来50年不同社会经济情景下的区域土地利用结构变化,并初步评价了这些变化的可能生态影响。1990~2001年的模型结果表明该SD模型具有一定的可靠性,能在一定程度上为当前理解土地利用系统的复杂驱动行为,评估脆弱生态区土地系统变化的潜在生态效应提供帮助。2000~2050年的情景仿真结果表明,经济、人口、市场和技术等因素对中国北方13省未来土地利用变化的影响非常明显。 相似文献
3.
中国北方未来干旱化情景下的土地利用变化模拟 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
目前,中国北方未来干旱化过程对土地系统的可能影响还不是十分清楚,这将在一定程度上限制中国北方土地资源的合理开发利用。因此,利用系统动力学 (SD) 的原理和方法,首先构建了中国北方未来干旱化过程影响下的土地利用变化系统动力学模型。进而在不同系统状态下,模拟了中国北方13省未来30年不同干旱化过程和社会经济情景共同影响下的区域土地利用结构变化过程。1989~2001年的模型检验结果表明该SD模型具有一定的可靠性,能在一定程度上理解土地利用系统的复杂变化过程。2000~2030年在干旱化过程转折、不明显和加速3种情景下的情景模拟结果发现,干旱化过程对中国北方未来水资源总量变化影响明显。在干旱化过程3种情景下,北方13省水资源总量从4686.17亿m3下降到3887.88亿m3,水资源正逐渐成为稀缺资源,并成为区域可持续发展的重要制约因素。在中国北方人口增加和经济发展的持续压力下,建筑用地和交通用地在未来增长迅速。城镇,交通等生活型用地与耕地资源之间的矛盾将会十分突出。因此,在未来的发展中,寻求合理的土地利用结构和格局,适应气候变化和社会经济因素的共同压力,将是中国北方区域可持续发展过程中必须面临和解决的问题。 相似文献
4.
新疆三工河绿洲土地利用变化系统动力学仿真 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
从小区域(乡域)尺度出发,综合考虑人口、经济、技术、市场等主要人文因素对绿洲土地利用变化的驱动作用,建立系统动力学（SD）模型,并以天山北麓三工河流域为例,用1978—1998年的实际数据验证了模型的适用性和可靠性,在此基础上,模拟和分析了三种发展模式下本区域1998—2050年土地利用变化过程,结果表明：SD方法对于乡域尺度的土地利用变化研究是适宜的;三种模式下土地利用变化规律表现出明显的差异性,人口、经济、技术、市场等因素对本区域土地利用变化具有显著驱动作用。 相似文献
5.
近20年中国北方13省的耕地变化与驱动力 总被引：81，自引：0，他引：81
利用 1983年1月至1999年12月长时间序列NOAA/AVHRR NDVI 数据和2001年逐旬SPOT/VGT 数据,获取了中国北方13省1980s初期、1990s初期、1990s末期和2000s初期地表土地覆盖特征,阐述了中国北方13省的耕地变化过程,并重点讨论了人类活动对耕地变化特征的影响和耕地变化的驱动力。发现：(1) 裸地、耕地等弱生态用地面积持续增加,而林地和草地等生态功能用地和混合功能用地持续减少是我国北方1983~1999年土地利用/覆盖变化的主要特征,这在一定程度上影响着区域生态系统的调节功能。但在2000s初期,这种状况有所改观,表明国家自20世纪末期开始实施的退耕还林还草等一系列生态环境建设措施在一定程度上开始发挥作用;(2) 从1983~2001年,中国北方13省的耕地重心整体上表现出向西南方向偏移的趋势。此外,地形和交通状况对耕地的空间变化过程影响明显,区域耕地面积主要集中在海拔较低、坡度较小的平原和丘陵地带,耕地利用强度一般随着距交通干线距离的增加而减少;(3) 人们生活收入水平以及农业产量变化与耕地变化关系密切,其中人们生活收入水平与耕地面积成负相关,而农业产量与耕地面积呈正相关,表明经济的发展以及人们生活水平提高导致的非农用地量增加以及农业用地内部的结构调整是中国北方13省耕地变化的重要原因。 相似文献
6.
基于CLUE模型的2030年江西省土地利用变化情景分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
引入“一切照常情景”、“规划情景"和”优化情景"三种生态系统变化情景,采用CLUE模型,对江西省2001～2030年的土地利用空间变化进行模型模拟,并用2005年的土地利用现状图对模拟结果进行了验证。研究表明:在“一切照常情景”中,耕地持续减少;建设用地急剧增加;林地面积基本保持稳定。在“规划情景”中,耕地持续增加;建设用地略有增加,并在2020年后基本保持不变;林地总面积变化不大,但是高密度森林面积比重增大;河流和湖泊面积略微减少,湿地面积大幅增加。在“优化情景”中,森林增加趋势较“规划情景”有所减缓,河流和湖泊,湿地均有显著增加。本研究对研究区今后的土地利用规划修编和土地可持续性管理具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
7.
从资源承载和生态保护的角度预测城镇土地利用变化,是实现国土空间用途管制的客观需求。以典型缺水城市天津市为研究区,采用系统动力学模型预测土地利用规模、最小成本路径法构建生态廊道和FLUS模型模拟土地利用变化等方法,分别模拟自然扩张和资源环境保护情景下天津市2035年土地利用情况。结果表明：① 资源约束条件显著制约城镇人口和建设用地的超量发展,随着资源约束增强、科技发展增速,人口和建设用地增长量随之降低,城镇GDP保持稳定增长。② 天津市重要生态廊道以南北向联系为主,东部和北部生态廊道重要性较高,部分生态廊道由于路径较长或距离建设用地较近而面临被蚕食挤压的风险。③ 水体湿地在资源环境保护情境下面积略有增长,在自然扩张情境下则延续以往不可持续的发展模式,出现向草地退化的情况,部分生态源地和廊道受到耕地侵占和建设用地扩张的影响。④ 受交通发展和京津职住分离的影响,天津市城镇建设用地增长主要发生在蓟州、武清和宝坻区。此外,在资源环境保护情景下,中心城区和滨海新区增长率较低,津南区表现出较大发展潜力。以资源环境承载约束城镇扩张,能够为国土空间规划实践提供科学引导。 相似文献
8.
基于县域单元的中国生态经济系统协调度及空间演化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以中国2853 个县(市、旗、区)为研究单元,利用1980、1990、2000 和2012 年的中国县级行政单元GDP数据和全国1 km格网土地利用数据,通过计算生态系统服务价值(ESV)和GDP的变化率,构建生态经济系统协调度(EEH)模型,分析了EEH的空间演化特征,在此基础上借助空间统计Local Moran's I 和Getis-Ord Gi* 指数评价EEH空间分布模式.结果表明:①自1980 年以来中国县级行政单元GDP持续快速增长,全国呈现东南沿海增长速度明显高于中部地区,而中部地区又明显高于西部地区的特征;②生态系统服务价值(ESV)在空间分布上表现为西部和北部地区较高,南部和中东部地区较低;③中国县域EEH 1980-2012 年间逐步得到改善,EEH空间关联度总体相对稳定,但空间格局分布不均衡.总体来看,确保生态经济系统的持续协调发展的任务依然十分艰巨. 相似文献
9.
1 Introduction Land use and land coverare the m ostprom inentlandscape sym bolofthe earth surface system (Shi,1997).Notonly the spatialpatterns ofthe earth surface features changed by man can be recorded objectively,butalso the space-tim e change processo… 相似文献
10.
Based on the long-term serial NOAA/NDVI dataset during 1983-1999 and SPOT/VGT dataset in 2001, the land use/cover change information in the 13 provinces of northern China was extracted based on the analysis of the cultivated landscape characteristics at first, then the effects of human activities on cultivated land process were explored by GIS and the driving forces of cultivated land change were investigated. The conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) The constant increase of weak ecological function land as desert and cultivated land and the decrease of the ecological function land of forest and shrub were the main characteristics of the land use/cover change in the 13 provinces from 1983 to 1999, which showed the effects on the ecological adjustment function. However, such situations were changed to some extent in the 2000s because of the eco-construction policy of the government. (2) From 1983 to 2001, the Barycenter of cultivated land tended to move from northeast to southwest with the topography and transportation situations being the main influences on the cultivated land distribution. It is found that the cultivated land use intensity decreased noticably with the increase of distance from the main communication arteries. (3) The improvement of the people's living standard is closely related with the cultivated land change. The structural adjustment in the agricultural land caused by economic development and the improvement of the people's living standard is an important factor affecting the cultivated land change in northern China from 1983 to 2001. 相似文献
11.
Land use intensity quantifies the impacts of human activities on natural ecosystems, which have become the major driver of global environmental change, and thus it serves as an essential measurement for assessing land use sustainability. To date, land-change studies have mainly focused on changes in land cover and their effects on ecological processes, whereas land use intensity has not yet received the attention it deserves and for which spatially-explicit representation studies have only just begun. In this paper, according to the degree and reversibility of surface disturbance by human activities, there are four main classes of land use intensity: artificial land, semi-artificial land, semi-natural land, and natural land. These were further divided into 22 subclasses based on key indicators, such as human population density and the cropping intensity. Land use intensity map of China at a 1-km spatial resolution was obtained based on satellite images and statistical data. The area proportions of artificial land, semi-artificial land, semi-natural land, and natural land were 0.71%, 19.36%, 58.93%, and 21%, respectively. Human and economic carrying capacity increased with the increase of land use intensity. Artificial land supports 24.58% and 35.62% of the total population and GDP, using only 0.71% of the total land, while semi-artificial land supported 58.24% and 49.61% of human population and GDP with 19.36% of China’s total land area. 相似文献
12.
21世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力分析 总被引：99，自引：5，他引：94
在全球环境变化研究中.以土地利用与土地覆盖动态为核心的人类一环境耦合系统研究逐渐成为土地变化科学(LCS)研究的新动向.基于覆盖中国21世纪初5年间隔的遥感卫星数据获取的1 km网格土地利用变化空间信息.依据近5年土地利用变化区域分异的显著特征,以及自然地理、经济发展与国家宏观政策因素综合考虑.设计针对21世纪初5年新的中国土地利用动态区划图,揭示土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动因素.总体上.21世纪初5年中国处于土地利用快速变化期,黄淮海平原、东南沿海地区与四川盆地城乡建设用地显著扩张,占用大规模优质农田,导致南方水田面积明显减少:西北绿洲农业发展与东北地区开垦导致北方旱地面积略有增加:受西部开发"生态退耕"政策的影响中西部地区林地面积显著增加,国家退耕还林还草政策成效明显,对区域土地覆盖状况的改善产生积极的影响:这一时段国土开发与区域发展战略的实施,包括"西部大开发"、"东北振兴"等国家重大政策,加之快速的经济发展是该阶段土地利用变化格局形成的主要驱动因素. 相似文献
13.
1 Introduction Ecological security is defined as the goal of stakeholders to create a condition where the physical surroundings of a community provide for the needs of its inhabitants without diminishing its natural stock (Chen, 2002; Wachernagel et al.,… 相似文献
14.
Using the theory and method of the ecological footprint, and combining the changes of regional land use, resource environment, population, society and economy, this paper calculated the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological surplus/loss in 1986-2002 on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province. What is more, this paper has put forward the concept of ecological pressure index, set up ecological pressure index models, and ecological security grading systems, and the prediction models of different ecological footprints, ecological carrying capacity, ecological surplus and ecological safety change, and also has assessed the ecological footprint demands of 10,000 yuan GDP. The results of this study are as follows: (1) the ecological carrying capacity in northern Shaanxi shows a decreasing trend, the difference of reducing range is the fastest; (2) the ecological footprint appears an increasing trend; (3) ecological pressure index rose to 0.91 from 0.44 during 1986-2002 on the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi with an increase of 47%; and (4) the ecological security in the study area is in a critical state, and the ecological pressure index has been increasing rapidly. 相似文献
15.
《地理学报(英文版)》2017,(4)
Land use intensity quantifies the impacts of human activities on natural ecosystems, which have become the major driver of global environmental change, and thus it serves as an essential measurement for assessing land use sustainability. To date, land-change studies have mainly focused on changes in land cover and their effects on ecological processes, whereas land use intensity has not yet received the attention it deserves and for which spatially-explicit representation studies have only just begun. In this paper, according to the degree and reversibility of surface disturbance by human activities, there are four main classes of land use intensity: artificial land, semi-artificial land, semi-natural land, and natural land. These were further divided into 22 subclasses based on key indicators, such as human population density and the cropping intensity. Land use intensity map of China at a 1-km spatial resolution was obtained based on satellite images and statistical data. The area proportions of artificial land, semi-artificial land, semi-natural land, and natural land were 0.71%, 19.36%, 58.93%, and 21%, respectively. Human and economic carrying capacity increased with the increase of land use intensity. Artificial land supports 24.58% and 35.62% of the total population and GDP, using only 0.71% of the total land, while semi-artificial land supported 58.24% and 49.61% of human population and GDP with 19.36% of China's total land area. 相似文献
16.
珠海市旅游用地生态环境影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从生态环境质量、结构、功能3方面构建旅游用地演变对生态环境影响的综合评价指标体系,利用多目标线性加权函数法定量评价近23a来研究区旅游用地时空演变对生态环境正面和负面的影响。计算结果显示:珠海市旅游用地变化对生态环境综合影响指数为-0.24,斗门区、金湾区和香洲区分别为-0.28、-0.13和-0.29。表明珠海市旅游用地变化对生态环境的总体影响是负面的。其深层的影响机制是:首先,旅游用地空间分布与地类结构演变的欠合理;其次,旅游用地规模在持续快速增长的同时忽视了生态内涵建设,旅游用地复合化开发层次偏低。 相似文献
17.
Land use/cover change(LUCC)is a major factor affecting net primary production(NPP).According to the LUCC of the Loess Plateau from 2005 to 2015,the LUCC patterns in 2025 in three scenarios were predicted by using the Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS)model.Furthermore,taking the average NPP of various land use/cover types in 16 years as the reference scale,the changes in NPP in multi-scenario simulations are predicted and an-alyzed,and the impact of different land use/cover transfers on NPP is quantified.The results are as follows:(1)The land use/cover changes greatly in the baseline and fast development scenarios,and changes relatively little in the ecological protection scenarios.(2)The changes in NPP in different scenarios reflected the significant difference in the ecological protection effect.All the three scenarios promote an NPP increase,but the ecological protection sce-nario can promote NPP increases the most.(3)The changes in NPP caused by LUCC in the three scenarios reflected the significant difference in the various land use/cover types pro-tection effect.Analyzing and predicting NPP changes in multi-scenario LUCC simulations in the future can provide a theoretical basis for decision makers to judge the future changes in ecological environments and ecological protection effects against different policy back-grounds. 相似文献
18.
基于2000、2015年中国东中部地区261个地级市统计与土地利用数据,运用空间自相关模型,变异系数和三元协调度模型分析其城市人口、GDP和城市建设用地的空间集聚态势和非均衡变化过程,揭示人口城市化与土地城市化的协调程度。结果显示：（1）城市人口、GDP和建设用地的Moran’s I指数均为正值且2015年的值大于2000年的值,显示出明显的空间集聚特征,且在2000—2015年集聚特征不断加强;（2）城市人口密度和人均GDP的变异系数分别从2000年的1.38和0.91下降到2015年的0.96和0.70,地均GDP从1.32上升到1.77,表明城市人口密度和地均GDP的差异在逐步减小,但地均GDP的不均衡性却在增大;（3）2015年,共有171个地级市城市用地规模增长弹性系数小于1.12且人均城市用地小于115m2,但有104个地级市地均GDP在1000元/m2以下,表明虽然绝大部分地级市城市化规模和速率都在可控范围之内,城市用地经济产出仍然相对较低;（4）90%以上地级市的城市人口、GDP和城市建设用地三者在两个研究时间段内处于协调发展状态。 相似文献
19.
LONG Hualou 《地理学报》2014,24(2):211-225
The implementation of new type industrialization and urbanization and agricultural modernization strategies lacks of a major hand grip and spatial supporting platform,due to long-term existed "dual-track" structure of rural-urban development in China as well as unstable rural development institution and mechanism. It is necessary to restructure rural production,living and ecological space by carrying out land consolidation,so as to establish a new platform for building new countryside and realizing urban-rural integration development in China. This paper develops the concept and connotation of rural spatial restructuring. Basing on the effects analysis of industrialization and urbanization on rural production,living and ecological space,the mechanism of pushing forward rural spatial restructuring by carrying out land consolidation is probed. A conceptualization of the models of rural production,living and ecological spatial restructuring is analyzed combining with agricultural land consolidation,hollowed villages consolidation and industrial and mining land consolidation. Finally,the author argues that a "bottom-up" restructuring strategy accompanied by a few "top-down" elements is helpful for smoothly pushing forward rural spatial restructuring in China. In addition,the optimization and restructuring of rural production,living and ecological space will rely on the innovations of regional engineering technology,policy and mechanism,and mode of rural land consolidation,and more attentions should be paid to rural space,the foundation base and platform for realizing urban-rural integration development. 相似文献
20.
我国乡镇企业经过改革开放30多年来的发展已经到了一个重要转折期,当前我国乡镇企业用地中存在的效率低下、布局分散等问题,影响到乡镇企业的健康发展和农村土地利用秩序,只有适时调整和坚持正确的乡镇企业用地管理对策方向,才能有利于乡镇企业的健康可持续发展。通过实地调查与统计分析研究,提出了适应我国农村经济转型发展的乡镇企业用地管理的3个对策方向:(1)加强对乡镇企业用地布局的空间管制;(2)引入市场机制来促进企业用地的集约化;(3)建立城乡土地统一管理体制。 相似文献