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1.
渗透性与降雨强度对堆积层滑坡稳定性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文基于非饱和渗流理论及非饱和土的Fredlund双应力变量强度理论,对一沿岩土接触面滑动的堆积层滑坡模型,分别进行了8种条件下的降雨入渗数值模拟试验,研究了不同土体渗透性及降雨强度对滑坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:(1)堆积层滑坡的稳定性与土体的渗透性有密切关系,在降雨后的短期内,土体渗透性越好,滑面孔隙水压力升高越明显,滑坡的稳定性降低程度越大;(2)降雨期间,埋深较浅的滑面,入渗雨水能够较快到达,对滑坡稳定性的影响较大;(3)在相同的降雨时间内,降雨强度越大,滑坡稳定性降低速率越快;(4)降雨强度影响着滑坡发生的滞后性,在降雨总量一定的条件下,若降雨强度较大,雨停后,滑坡稳定性继续下降的程度较大;(5)降雨总量控制着滑坡的最终稳定性。 相似文献
2.
强降雨作用下基岩型层状边坡易发生失稳破坏,给人们生命财产造成重大损失。为探索基岩型层状边坡的降雨入渗过程,以Green-Ampt入渗模型为基础,考虑了边坡几何特征及饱和带渗流作用,得到了边坡不同入渗阶段入渗率和湿润峰深度的计算式,建立了适用于基岩型层状边坡的降雨入渗计算模型;在分析基岩型层状边坡稳定性时,考虑了饱和带的渗流作用,联合降雨入渗模型与极限平衡法,分析了基岩面与湿润峰面稳定性的变化规律,得到了计算基岩型层状边坡安全系数的解析表达式;结果表明,该模型的计算与试验结果具有一致性。利用该计算模型与传统计算方法对张家湾滑坡进行了强度为30 mm/h的降雨入渗与稳定性分析,得到了不同计算方法下张家湾滑坡湿润峰深度及安全系数随降雨历时增加而发生的变化规律,结果表明该计算模型在分析基岩型层状边坡稳定性时优于传统分析方法。 相似文献
3.
Cheng Qiu Tetsuro Esaki Mowen Xie Yasuhiro Mitani Chunxiang Wang 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(8):1569-1579
A shallow landslide triggered by rainfall can be forecast in real-time by modeling the relationship between rainfall infiltration
and decrease of slope stability. This paper describes a promising approach that combines an improved three-dimensional slope
stability model with an approximate method based on the Green and Ampt model, to estimate the time–space distribution of shallow
landslide hazards. Once a forecast of rainfall intensity and slope stability-related data, e.g., terrain and geology data,
are acquired, this approach is shown to have the ability to estimate the variation of slope stability of a wide natural area
during rainfall and to identify the location of potential failure surfaces. The effectiveness of the estimation procedures
described has been tested by comparison with a one-dimensional method and by application to a landslide-prone area in Japan. 相似文献
4.
A severe rainstorm of high intensity occurred on 20th–21st November 2000, in the region of Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy, which
triggered, within the entire province, over 50 landslides. These landslides can be broadly defined as complex earth slides—earth
flows, originating as rotational slides that develop downslope into a flow. In this paper, two such landslides have been investigated
by modelling the process of rainwater infiltration, the variations in both the positive and negative pore water pressures
and their effect on slope stability during the storm. For both sites, results from morphometric and geotechnical analyses
were used as a direct input to the numerical modelling. A modified Chu, 1978 approach was used to estimate the surface infiltration
rate by adapting the original Green and Ampt, 1911 equations for unsteady rainfall intensity in conjunction with the surficial
water balance. For transient conditions, a finite element analysis was used to model the fluctuations in pore water pressure
during the storm, with the computed surface infiltration rate as the surface boundary condition. This was then followed by
the application of the limit equilibrium Morgenstern and Price, 1965 slope-stability method, using the temporal pore water
pressure distributions derived from the seepage analysis. From this methodology, a trend for the factor of safety was produced
for both landslide sites. These results indicate that the most critical time step for failure was a few hours following the
rainfall peak. 相似文献
5.
Chollada Kanjanakul Tanan Chub-uppakarn Tanit Chalermyanont 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(11):584
Transient seepage in unsaturated soil slope is one of the significant triggering factors in rainfall-induced landslides. Rainfall infiltration leads to the decrease in stabilizing effect because of increased positive pore-water pressures. SEEP/W and SLOPE/W used in this study have been widely employed to describe frameworks for understanding transient seepage in soil slope, and to perform slope stability analyses, respectively. The study area is in Sichon District in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, southern Thailand. A landslide there was investigated by modeling the process of rainfall infiltration under positive and negative pore-water pressures and their effects on slope stability. GIS (Geographic Information System) and geotechnical laboratory results were used as input parameters. The van Genuchten’s soil water characteristic curve and unsaturated permeability function were used to estimate surface infiltration rates. An average rainfall was derived from 30-year monthly rainfall data between 1981 and 2011 in this area reported by the Thailand Royal Irrigation Department. For transient condition, finite element analysis in SEEP/W was employed to model fluctuations in pore-water pressure during a rainfall, using the computed water infiltration rates as surface boundary conditions. SLOPE/W employing Bishop simplified method was then carried out to compute their factors of safety, and antecedent precipitation indices (API) calculated. Heterogeneous slope at the site became unstable at an average critical API (APIcr) of 380 mm, agreeing well with the actual value of 388 mm. 相似文献
6.
以福建德化县彭坑滑坡为例,基于非饱和土力学理论,结合滑坡实际监测数据,利用有限元法对坡体在雨水入渗条件下的渗流、变形特性和稳定性进行计算和分析,研究滑坡对降雨的动态响应和不同工况下安全系数和位移的关系。结果表明:滑体结构松散,易于雨水入渗,改变基质吸力空间分布,弱化岩土体参数; 持续降雨会使地下水位上升,坡脚发生变形,牵引坡体后缘产生拉裂,直至在降雨期间产生以非饱和区域为主的滑坡。强降雨初期,边坡安全系数下降较快,易发生滑坡; 雨停后安全系数会因雨水持续下渗而进一步降低,应注意雨后滑坡的产生; 同样水分在不同坡体部位对稳定性影响不同,安全系数有消有涨,存在时空效应。最后为反映地下水位线和降雨条件变化对边坡产生危害的程度,提出危险系数概念,建立危险系数与增量位移的关系,实现边坡测点位移变化的阶段式预警。研究结果和方法可为类似工程的治理和监测预警提供有意义的参考。 相似文献
7.
台风暴雨型土质滑坡演化过程研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
台风暴雨型滑坡是我国东南丘陵山地主要的滑坡类型,揭示其失稳演化规律对东南丘陵山地台风暴雨型土质滑坡监测预警具有重要的理论及实际意义。本文以福建泉州德化石山滑坡为研究对象,结合现场地质勘察资料,建立滑坡物理与数值模型对其变形演化过程进行模拟,探究边坡失稳涉及的渗流和变形位移等规律。研究结果表明:(1)初期雨水以垂直入渗坡体为主,且入渗速率较大;后期入渗速率随坡体饱和度增加而减小。有前期小降雨的情况下,坡脚位置更易出现积水饱和现象;(2)雨水入渗是导致坡体稳定性下降的主要原因:在暴雨工况中E3(模拟全程降雨为暴雨雨强100 mm·d-1)中,稳定系数保持下降,从1.197降至1.125;在双峰暴雨工况E4(前期30 mm·d-1小雨强降雨,后期100 mm·d-1暴雨雨强降雨)中,小雨强降雨过程中稳定系数基本保持不变,从1.197降至1.188,当暴雨一开始,稳定系数骤降至1.060;(3)台风暴雨型滑坡位移演化过程具有阶段性特征:压缩沉降微变形阶段,该阶段位移曲线变化平缓,基本不发生位移;匀速变形阶段,该阶段位移匀速增长,位移速率不变;加速变形阶段,加速变形直至失稳阶段,破坏迅速,具有突发性,曲线呈非线性;(4)当前期发生小雨强降雨(降雨强度≤30 mm·d-1),后期突发大暴雨雨强降雨(降雨强度≥100 mm·d-1)情况下滑坡的发生具有突变性,在试验中暴雨初期位移骤增20 mm,而后快速发展到90 mm左右。 相似文献
8.
强降雨作用下堆积层滑坡稳定性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
强降雨作用易造成堆积层滑坡发生,带来严重的生命财产损失。基于Green-Ampt（GA）模型,同时考虑湿润锋以上饱和带渗流作用,推导了一种新的滑坡降雨入渗函数,弥补了GA模型只适用于无限长坡的不足。为考虑降雨入渗对土体条块强度的影响,采用整体抗剪强度准则评价滑坡稳定性,并在受力分析时考虑了湿润锋以上饱和带渗透力作用,建立了滑坡稳定性系数表达式。研究结果表明：滑坡降雨入渗的尺寸效应非常明显,湿润锋扩展速率随着坡长的增大而增大,当滑坡无限长时新降雨入渗模型与GA模型计算结果相同,说明GA模型是新模型的一个特例。此外,降雨初期,滑坡稳定性下降较快;随着降雨的持续,稳定性下降速率逐渐放缓。与模型试验结果对比表明,提出的降雨入渗模型和评价方法计算结果与试验揭示的现象一致,证明了该方法的可靠性。 相似文献
9.
10.
降雨作用下煤系土路堑边坡稳定分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于掌握的降雨气象资料,利用非饱和瞬态渗流有限元程序对开挖后和风化后两种情况下的煤系土路堑边坡进行了降雨入渗坡体渗流场数值计算和分析。依据非饱和土力学强度理论,基于Morgenstern-Price方法,调用不同降雨时间的渗流计算结果,对两种情况下煤系土路堑边坡的瞬态稳定性进行了计算和分析。研究结果表明,水分在风化煤系土路堑边坡体内的渗透迁移对路堑边坡稳定性和最危险滑动面有时空影响;在煤系土路堑边坡降雨入渗和稳定性分析中考虑风化层较为合理。 相似文献
11.
Shallow slope failure due to heavy rainfall during rainstorm and typhoon is common in mountain areas. Among the models used
for analyzing the slope stability, the rainwater infiltration model integrated with slope stability model can be an effective
way to evaluate the stability of slopes during rainstorm. This paper will propose an integrated Green–Ampt infiltration model
and infinite slope stability model for the analysis of shallow type slope failure. To verify the suitability of the proposed
model, seven landslide cases occurred in Italy and Hong Kong are adopted in this paper. The results indicate that the proposed
model can be used to distinguish failed and not-yet failed slopes. In addition, the proposed model can be used as the first
approximation for estimating the occurrence time of a rainfall-induced shallow landslide and its depth of sliding. 相似文献
12.
To verify numerical models used for the development of an early warning system for rainfall induced landslides, a back analysis of a roadway embankment adjacent to State Highway 1 in Silverdale, New Zealand has been undertaken. The embankment collapsed in June 2008 as a result of prolonged rainfall. The failure occurred in a cut slope through the landslide-prone Northland Allochthon formation. Using volumetric water content sensors and a rainfall gauge, recordings were made of the field response of the soil due to rainfall events during the 2010 winter. Saturated/unsaturated seepage analyses were undertaken using empirically obtained soil parameters to simulate the variation in the monitored volumetric water contents in conjunction with a slope stability analysis to determine the factor of safety of the slope. The rainfall record that caused the slope failure was then applied as an influx to this model to determine the factor of safety against slope failure. If modelled correctly, this factor of safety should reach a minimum at the same time the landslide occurred. If a good agreement between the models and the field observations is reached, the models can be used to create a cost-effective early warning system. 相似文献
13.
降雨条件下酉阳大涵边坡滑动机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以某厚堆积层滑坡为例,基于非饱和土力学理论,利用有限元方法,对雨水入渗条件下坡体的渗流及动态稳定性进行了计算和分析,研究了水分在坡体内的运移对边坡稳定性的时间效应。结果表明：边坡堆积体结构松散,土体强度差,边坡前缘坡降大,坡脚的开挖,为滑坡形成提供了便利条件;强降雨条件下使得坡脚附近首先发生变形失稳,牵引坡体后缘产生张拉裂。雨水沿坡面入渗,在坡体内形成渗流场,弱化岩土体参数,同时坡面形成饱和径流,使滑坡体前缘产生向下的渗透力,促使前缘坡体发生滑动,进而引发分级坡体产生滑移;强降雨初始阶段,滑坡体安全系数降低较快,很容易发生滑坡。该研究揭示了降雨入渗诱发厚堆积层边坡滑动机制,并以此建议采取以截、排、堵措施对边坡进行排水,同时设置嵌岩锚索抗滑桩及进行削坡清方措施对边坡进行综合治理,通过稳定性计算,效果良好。 相似文献
14.
三峡库区树坪滑坡变形失稳机制分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
树坪滑坡自2003年三峡水库蓄水以来,就一直持续变形。为了对其稳定性及变形发展趋势进行评价和预测,有必要对其变形失稳机制进行深入研究。为此,采用现场地质调查和勘探的方法确定了滑坡的形态和性质;充分挖掘变形监测数据,详细分析了滑坡的变形特征。在此基础上,深入研究了变形失稳机制及影响因素,并对滑坡的稳定性进行了计算和预测。结果表明,滑坡区地形、岩性及地质构造等地质因素控制了树坪滑坡的形成和发展;库水位下降和大气降雨进一步激励了滑坡的变形。库水位下降,坡体内地下水位随之下降,但其速度远小于库水位下降速度,导致坡体内水力梯度和渗透力明显增大,从而使滑坡稳定性急剧下降,并且库水位下降速度越快,滑坡的位移速率也越大,是典型的水库下降型滑坡。在库水位下降过程中,若出现明显的降雨过程,更加剧了滑坡的变形,有产生大规模滑动的可能性,须采取防护治理措施。 相似文献
15.
降雨入渗过程中孔隙水压力的升高与基质吸力的降低引起边坡稳定性的下降,是导致边坡滑塌的主要诱导因素。利用饱和-非饱和渗流有限元计算得到的孔隙水压力场,基于Fredlund提出的非饱和土抗剪强度理论,对边坡临界滑动场进行改进,提出可以考虑降雨过程的边坡临界滑动场数值模拟方法,能够方便、快速地计算出边坡局部、整体安全系数和相对应的临界滑动面在降雨过程中的变化历程。将该法用于一个典型均质边坡和一个非均质边坡在降雨过程中的稳定性计算,分析降雨持续时间、降雨强度和非饱和强度参数取值等因素对边坡稳定性的影响,并将计算结果与其他方法进行比较,结果表明临界滑动场方法能搜索任意形状最危险滑面,计算的安全系数合理。 相似文献
16.
17.
膨胀土是一种具有显著的吸水膨胀和失水收缩特性的特殊黏性土,暴露于大气中的膨胀土边坡处于连续的干湿循环过程中,在降雨条件下极不稳定。基于饱和-非饱和渗流理论,对降雨条件下膨胀土边坡的非饱和渗流过程和吸湿过程进行了数值模拟。编写了相应的FORTRAN语言程序,考虑了渗流过程中基质吸力变化、渗流软化和吸湿膨胀的影响,分析了强度衰减、渗流软化和湿胀对膨胀土边坡整体稳定性的影响。结果表明,在降雨作用下,经过多次干湿循环后,膨胀土边坡的破坏模式为浅层牵引式崩塌,破坏面位于风化区,与普通黏性土边坡的深层圆弧滑坡有较大区别。在考虑湿胀软化效应后,边坡最大位移增大了一个数量级,稳定性系数显著降低,膨胀性是边坡浅层滑坡的主要原因。研究结果较好地解释了膨胀土滑坡特有的牵引性、反复滑动性和浅层破坏性。 相似文献
18.
基于非饱和土力学理论,利用有限元法对降雨条件下边坡的饱和-非饱和渗流及稳定性进行了探讨。数值分析表明,雨水入渗使边坡非饱和区土体的基质吸力减小,是导致边坡稳定性降低的主要因素。进而考察了基质吸力的不同取值及裂隙的不同位置对边坡稳定性的影响,结果表明：在降雨初期基质吸力取值越大,得到的边坡安全系数越高,但经过长时间降雨即边坡土体基本达到饱和后,基质吸力的取值不同对边坡安全系数基本上没有影响;裂隙的存在为雨水入渗提供了良好的通道,因而导致边坡稳定性相对于无裂隙状态来说有所降低。降雨初期下游裂隙使边坡稳定性降低较快,但随着降雨历时的增加,即下游土体逐渐变为饱和状态后,边坡的稳定性变化则主要由上游裂隙控制。 相似文献
19.
为考虑位移因素对于滑坡渐进性发育的影响,基于简布条分法基本原理,提出一个新的能够考虑滑带土抗剪能力与剪切位移关系的滑坡稳定性简化评价方法。该方法从以下两个方面对简布条分法进行了改进：（1）将滑动面剪应力-剪切位移本构模型与沿滑动面的剪切位移模型相结合,以考虑滑坡随着变形发展渐进破坏的过程;（2）提出局部安全系数的概念并对整体安全系数进行重新定义,物理意义更加明确。推导了该方法的计算公式,给出了其迭代计算思路,并编制Matlab计算程序。通过计算实例表明,应变软化边坡的安全系数不仅取决于土的抗剪强度指标,还与其剪应力-剪切位移关系密切相关,基于峰值强度的极限平衡条分法应用于实际工程是偏于危险的。同时该方法还可以有效地模拟边坡从开始破坏到最终滑动面贯通的发育过程,实现了坡体位移与安全系数之间一一对应的定量关系,进而实现边坡的稳定性的预测预报。 相似文献
20.
Precipitation infiltration is one of the most significant triggering factors for slope failure occurrence in many places around the world. Knowledge of the mechanisms leading to precipitation-induced slope failures is of great importance to the management of landslide hazard. In this study, a soil water balance model is developed to estimate soil water flux during the process of infiltration from rainfall data, with consideration of storm periods and non-storm periods. Two important assumptions in this study are given: (1) instantaneous uniform distribution of the degree of saturation and (2) a linear relationship between evapotranspiration and the related degree of saturation. For storm periods, the Brooks and Corey model estimates both the soil water retention curve and soil water parameters. The infiltration partition is employed by an infinite-series solution of Philip in conjunction with the time compression approximation. For none-storm periods, evapotranspiration can be derived for the moisture depletion of soil water. This study presents a procedure for calculating the safety factor for an unsaturated slope suffering from precipitation infiltration. The process of infiltration into a slope due to rainfall and its effect on soil slope behavior are examined using modified Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion in conjunction with a soil water balance model. The results indicate that the matric suction, which is closely related to slope stability, is affected by the degree of saturation controlled by rainfall events. 相似文献