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虚拟旅游系统是利用三维GIS、虚拟现实与网络等技术构建的面向旅游业的网络虚拟现实系统平台。在整个虚拟旅游系统构建中,最基础也是最重要的部分是虚拟旅游景观的实现,它关系着虚拟景观的展示效果、显示速度以及空间分析、情景模拟等各项功能的实现。本文基于虚拟旅游景观的特点及实现难点,使用ArcGIS和3DSMax分别建立具有不同形态特征的虚拟地面模型和虚拟地物模型,将所有模型转换为VRML文件格式并进行优化,不仅有效融合了虚拟地面模型和虚拟地物模型,并且兼顾了模型的逼真度和显示速度。本文提出了一套虚拟旅游景观的设计方案、关键技术,并通过圆明园遗址公园虚拟旅游景观的实现,验证了其可行性。本研究对于虚拟旅游的发展具有积极的参考意义,对于我国众多旅游景区虚拟旅游系统的研发具有技术的应用性和可推广性。 相似文献
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基于互联网技术在产业领域全面渗透的发展形势,部分学者提出“网络空间邻近性将取代地理空间邻近性”的论断,而另一部分研究结论坚持认为网络信息技术与平台是线下产业转型升级的“催化剂”,同时提出线下实体产业自身及其关联产业之间的地理要素对线上虚拟平台的构建与发展具有重要意义。据此,文章从地理空间的视角,试图阐释体育场馆虚拟集群构建的地理学研究基础和关注重点,分析体育场馆地理聚集效应无法形成的原因,总结归纳产业虚拟集群具有促进产业聚集形态、提高规模经济效益、建立分工协作关系、带动合作与竞争氛围、形成柔性化创新模式等作用,提出构建虚拟集群是未来体育场馆产业发展的重要形式之一。目前,中国体育场馆产业虚拟集群是横向各成员间合作与竞争的利益价值链,纵向是供需两端线上下产销价值链,共同构成了集群基本的结构体系;根据集群产业的主体规模、地理位置、产权属性和网络化程度等,场馆产业虚拟集群可分为单体型、连锁型、联盟型;而根据场馆产业集群的结构体系和功能特征,其发展过程需历经技术融合、产品改造、结构优化3个升级阶段。最终,建议通过正确认识场馆虚拟集群构建的地理性涵义,持续提升线下场馆服务的核心竞争力,发挥政府的政策支持和牵头结盟作用,建立场馆虚拟集群成员准入监督机制,为虚拟产业集群的创新发展提供理论与实践指导。 相似文献
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城市三维地层建模中虚拟孔的引入与实现 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
该文引入“虚拟孔”的概念并将其应用到实际的城市三维地层建模流程。在建模过程中,用户可以根据实际工作需要,结合对地质模型的理解,在特定位置处加入适当数目的虚拟孔,并将其与实际的钻孔数据一起约束到模型中,从而构建精细的三维地层实体模型,有效满足实际工程的要求。通过一个建模实例,比较了引入虚拟孔前后的建模效果,表明应用虚拟孔建模具有很强的灵活性、直观性和可操作性。 相似文献
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虚拟水视角下吉林省西部玉米耕作方式优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
虚拟水研究是粮食安全与水资源安全的重要研究领域,目前的研究主要集中在宏观、中观层次上,微观层次研究甚少。为了探讨虚拟水微观层次的研究方法,本研究于2005～2007年在吉林省西部开展了玉米不同耕作方式下虚拟水变化的大田试验。通过分析6种耕作方式(65cm垄台、65cm垄沟、43cm垄台、43cm垄沟、98cm双行垄台、130cm三行垄台)之间单位质量玉米虚拟水含量的差异,及不同耕作方式对单位质量玉米虚拟水含量稳定性的影响,确定适合吉林省西部的最优玉米种植模式,以实现水资源高效利用,为解决水资源紧缺问题提供新思路。经过三年的大田试验,认为98cm双行垄台的耕作方式最佳,不仅虚拟水消耗量小,而且波动也较小,特别是在极端干旱年份其单位质量玉米虚拟水含量最低,建议本地区玉米种植方式应从65cm垄台种植改为98cm双行垄台种植。 相似文献
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从新宅居生活看网络虚拟旅游的前景和方向 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
随着信息化技术和网络技术的快速发展,居家服务系统的越来越完善,不愿或不能出门实现旅游目的的人群越来越庞大。对于数量巨大的不愿或不能外出旅游的“宅居”人群来说,通过网络实现虚拟旅游是最理想的方案。网络虚拟旅游在中国起步晚,但近年来发展快,已表现出产品多样化、技术集成化、需求娱乐化、用户大众化、功能休闲化等特点。目前要解决的主要问题集中在：① 3D高清动态仿真效果提质的技术实现问题;② 运用AR等新技术优势解决现场体验感不足的问题;③ 解决景区如何在网络虚拟旅游中受益的问题。未来的网络虚拟旅游方向是：① 在线产品越来越真实化和高清化;② 客源市场越来越大众化和多元化;③ 产品内容越来越多样化和分众化;④ 展示平台越来越普及化和共享化。 相似文献
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JONATHAN TAYLOR 《Geographical review》1997,87(2):172-192
ABSTRACT. The technology of virtual reality is producing new virtual worlds. These worlds are being created and utilized for a number of different purposes. Four main themes and application areas of virtual reality are: the arts and literature, the military, the preservation of aspects of reality, and finance or business. The technology of virtual reality is examined in these themes, and the differences as well as linkages between them are explored. The growing importance of virtual worlds as a topic of geographical analysis is discussed. 相似文献
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基于EMD西安市虚拟水总量波动及其成因的时空多尺度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据虚拟水相关原理方法,计算出西安1980-2014年主要农作物虚拟水,通过利用经验模态分解方法（EMD）分析了1980年以来西安市虚拟水总量的波动周期,指出其存在着3a及10a准周期的波动,并以10a的周期波动为主,并从时空多尺度对西安市虚拟水总量波动周期的影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：从时间尺度来看,粮食总产量和作物虚拟水交替影响着西安市虚拟水总量准3a周期的波动;西安市虚拟水总量准10a周期左右的波动,在1990年以前主要受作物虚拟水影响,1990年以后受作物虚拟水和粮食总产量波动的交互叠加影响。对西安市三大区域进行EMD分解时发现,在短周期显示,西安市三大区域都是西安市虚拟水总量的主要控制区,其影响程度由高到低依次为：四郊县、远郊区和城六区;在长周期显示,远郊区和四郊县是西安市虚拟水总量波动的主要控制区,且远郊区是第一控制区。 相似文献
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Aharon Kellerman 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):538-546
This article attempts to explore the spatial dimension of Maslow's theory on the hierarchy of human needs, in light of the growing role of virtual space via the Internet in the contemporary information age. Generally speaking, virtual space constitutes a space for the gratification of human needs, side by side with physical space. Its role, as compared to physical space, grows along the hierarchy of human needs: physiology, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Thus, its role for the gratification of physiological needs is complementary, whereas its role for self-actualization is significant. The growing role of virtual space has evolved into an equivalent hierarchical relationship with physical space: complementarity, competition, substitution, escape, and, potentially also exclusivity. Escape from physical to virtual space, as both need and relationship, has been brought about by social networking, being similar to the physical escape offered by tourism. It does not seem real to foresee that virtual space will offer exclusive fulfillment of as of yet unforeseen new human needs. 相似文献
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虚拟水的理论方法及在甘肃省的应用 总被引：109，自引：2，他引：109
水资源短缺问题是中国西北地区面临的突出问题,解决西北地区水资源短缺问题必须要有新的思路。虚拟水是水问题与水资源安全研究中的新概念,是指生产商品和服务所需要的水资源数量。虚拟水战略是指缺水国家或地区通过贸易的方式从富水国家或地区购买水密集型产品(尤其是粮食) 来获得本地水和粮食的安全,将水短缺问题的解决途径扩展到社会经济系统,人口—粮食—贸易之间的连接关系是虚拟水战略分析的主线。作者引入了虚拟水的概念,并简要介绍了当前国际研究的进展情况和计算方法。结合甘肃省的实际情况,初步计算得到2000年甘肃省生产产品中和城乡居民消费的产品中的虚拟水含量分别为222.02×108m3和183.75×108m3,分别是实体水资源利用量的1.8和1.5倍。分析了虚拟水战略的政策影响和虚拟水战略的优缺点,指出了在虚拟水理论与应用方面需要焏待开展的研究内容。 相似文献
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Lin Hui Gong Jianhua Xu Bingli Qi Hua 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):607-621
To improve the efficiency of planning and designing silt dam systems, this article employs theories and technologies of collaboration and distributed virtual geographic environments (VGEs) to construct a collaborative virtual geographic environment (CVGE) system. The CVGE system provides geographically distributed users with a shared virtual space and a collaborative platform to implement collaborative planning. Many difficulties have been found in integrating data resources and model procedures for the planning of silt dam systems because of their diversity in heterogeneous environments. Unlike most of the current distributed system applications, the proposed CVGE system not only supports multi-platform and multi-program-language interoperability in the dynamically changing network environment, but also shares programs, data and software in the collaborative environment. Based on creating a shared 3D space by virtual reality technology, agent and grid technologies were tightly coupled to develop the CVGE system. A grid-based multi-agent system service framework was designed to implement this new paradigm for the CVGE system, which efficiently integrates and shares geographically distributed resources as well as having the ability to build modelling procedures on different platforms. At the same time, mobile agent computing services were implemented to reduce the network load, process parallel tasks, enhance communication efficiency and adapt dynamically to the changing network environment. Using Java, JMF (Java Media Framework API), Globus Toolkits (GT) core, Voyager, C++, and the OpenGL development package, a prototype system was developed to support silt dam systems planning in the case study area, the Jiu-Yuan-Gou watershed of the Loess Plateau, China. Compared with the traditional workflow, the CVGE system can reduce the workload by between one third and a half. 相似文献
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This article combines geographical studies of both the Internet and religion in an analysis of where and how a variety of religious practices are represented in geotagged Web content. This method provides needed insight into the geography of virtual expressions of religion and highlights the mutually constitutive, and at times contradictory, relationship between the virtual and material dimensions of religious expression. By using the spatialities of religious practice and contestation as an example, this article argues that mappings of virtual representations of material practices are important tools for understanding how online activities simultaneously represent and reproduce the material world. 相似文献
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利用统计资料,结合水足迹模型和区域水足迹评价方法,对新疆1999-2009年的水足迹及相关指标进行了计算和分析。研究表明：（1）新疆1999-2004年总水足迹呈上升趋势,2004- 2009年略有下降趋势。水资源集约利用度呈增长趋势,说明新疆水资源利用效率有所提高;（2）新疆居民对粮食、肉类等虚拟水含量较大的农产品需求较大,适当减少虚拟水含量较高的产品消费,提倡虚拟水含量较低的产品消费,可减少虚拟水量的消耗;（3）新疆在虚拟水贸易中是水资源输出地,且输出量在不断增大,给新疆本地的水资源利用带来巨大的压力;（4）新疆水资源压力逐年增加,解决水资源短缺问题不能局限于本地实体水资源的高效利用,还可通过虚拟水贸易从水源丰富地区购买高耗水的本地发展所需的相关消费品,实现水资源总体可持续利用。改变消费模式,调整虚拟水战略结构成为缓解新疆水资源短缺的一种可能途径,由于数据限制,水足迹研究有待进一步细化,但是一种可用于探讨干旱区水资源可持续利用的方法。 相似文献
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基于分形的中国地均农畜产品虚拟水规模分布的时空演变研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
虚拟水是当今水科学的研究热点,被认为是解决粮食与水资源安全的重要策略。在测算中国各地区农畜产品虚拟水总量的基础上,计算出1996~2006年中国农畜产品虚拟水与耕地资源的基尼系数,表明二者地区差异不大且在逐年减小。运用位序-规模法则,探讨差异背后的分形特征。研究表明:中国地均农畜产品虚拟水体系不具有首位分布的特征;双对数回归方程拟合度较高,符合位序-规模分布;分维值D大于1,且逐年升高,地均农畜产品虚拟水规模分布整体差距在缩小,均衡程度在增强;规模分布呈双分形结构,体现出地均农畜产品虚拟水大规模省市发展较慢且辐射带动作用较弱,中小规模的省市比较发育且发展较快。本文旨在揭示地均农畜产品虚拟水的空间分异特征规律,为制定不同区域类型的农业发展决策提供相应的理论参考。 相似文献
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Assessing regional virtual water flows and water footprints in the Yellow River Basin, China: A consumption based approach 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Kuishuang Feng Yim Ling Siu Dabo GuanKlaus Hubacek 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):691-701
The Yellow River, the second longest river in China, is facing increasing water scarcity due to rising water consumption of a fast growing economy and an increasingly urbanized population with water-intensive consumption patterns. The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is divided into three regions: the upper, middle and lower reaches; each with very different characteristics in terms of water resources, economic structure and household income and consumption patterns. Virtual water has been recognised as a potentially useful concept for redistributing water from water-rich to water-poor regions. In this study, we develop a Multi-Regional Input-Output model (MRIO) to assess the regional virtual water flows between the three reaches of the basin and the rest of China distinguishing green and blue water, as well as rural and urban household water footprints. Results show that all three reaches are net virtual water exporter, i.e. production and consumption activities outside the basin also put pressure on the water resources in the YRB. The results suggest a reduction of the export of virtual blue water that could instead be used for producing higher value added but lower water-intensive goods. In particular, the lower reach as the most water scarce region in the basin should increase the import of water intensive goods, such as irrigated crops and processed food products, from other more water abundant regions such as the South of China. Thus, trading virtual water can help sustain the economic growth of the regions within the basin thus easing the pressure from water shortage. In addition, there is a huge gap between urban and rural household water footprints in the basin. The average urban household’s water footprint is more than double the water footprint of a rural household in the basin. This is due to the higher urban household consumption of water-intensive goods and services, such as processed food products, wearing apparel and footwear, hotel and catering services and electricity. 相似文献
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该文简介分形理论 ,并讨论分形理论在地理信息科学研究中的价值和地位。针对地理信息科学发展的趋势 ,结合相应的实例 ,提出分形理论在地理信息科学中的地理数据挖掘和空间决策支持、空间数据压缩和传递、制图概括、虚拟现实等方面目前的主要研究进展和方向。 相似文献
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核算了世界各国（地区）与中国,以及中国省际间的资源流通量,量化了贸易视角下水资源与能源的相互消耗量,从“源”与“汇”的视角描绘了各类资源从自然界进入经济系统到最终使用的整个过程。结果表明：① 中国虚拟水呈净流出状态,国际虚拟水贸易加重了中国的水资源压力;国际隐含能源贸易抵消了虚拟水净出口量的三分之一,缓解了中国的水资源压力。② 中国隐含能源呈净进口状态,国际隐含能源贸易缓解了中国的能源使用压力;国际虚拟水贸易加重了中国的能源使用压力,但影响程度较弱。③ 虚拟水主要通过农业和制造业进入社会经济系统,隐含能源主要通过矿业和制造业进入社会经济系统;固定资本形成和城镇生活消费是虚拟水和隐含能源的主要最终使用方式,数值分别为1735.42亿m3和2117.24亿m3,6.25×107 TJ和2.73×107 TJ。④ 中国各省份最终使用的水耗能源总量为8.73×106 TJ,占隐含能源总量的3.27%,低于能源耗水在虚拟水中的比重（9.63%）。能源省际贸易相比于水资源而言更为活跃,能源耗水在水?能纽带关系中起主导作用。 相似文献
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青藏高原是亚洲水塔,其水资源与水生态环境保护意义重大。从虚拟水视角,研究青藏高原与外部的水资源贸易关系和影响因素,有助于理解该地区的水资源问题、制定虚拟水贸易策略、优化区域城乡水资源配置、保障亚洲水塔功能。依托2012年中国区域间投入产出表成果,本文测算了青藏高原与中国其他区域之间的虚拟水贸易关系,建立了中国区域城镇与农村地区的虚拟水贸易网络,采用对数平均迪氏指数模型分析了青藏高原对其他区域虚拟水贸易不平衡的影响因素。结果表明,青藏高原向中国其他区域净输出虚拟水2.25亿m3,其中向西南、华北、华中、华东、华南等5个区域净输出虚拟水,从西北和东北2个区域净输入虚拟水。城乡之间虚拟水贸易联系非常紧密,农村地区生产水足迹较高,而城镇地区由于人口密度较高、消费水平较高,是虚拟水最终消费的热点区域,青藏高原农村地区的虚拟水贸易量大于城镇地区的虚拟水贸易量。青藏高原贸易输出结构以农产品为主导,虚拟水净输出12.7亿m3;青藏高原与其他区域贸易存在逆差,贸易量因素导致虚拟水净输入8.6亿m3;用水效率在青藏高原与不同区域虚拟水贸易中的正负效应不一,总体带来青藏高原虚拟水净输入1.8亿m3。未来,应重点通过灌溉节水减少农业水足迹,引导城镇居民向低水足迹生活方式转变,鼓励内地为青藏高原提供物质与技术支援,实行水资源生态补偿政策,以保护青藏高原水资源,促进区域水资源可持续利用。 相似文献
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Hongbo Yu Shih‐Lung Shaw 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):409-430
Today, the opportunity for potential human activity has gone beyond physical space to virtual space. Based on a proposed conceptual framework that models the relationships between physical and virtual spaces, this paper presents an attempt to adjust the space–time prism concept of Hägerstrand's time geography to identify potential activity opportunities in virtual space, focusing on the virtual space access channels available in physical space. A three‐dimensional (3D) spatio‐temporal Geographic Information System (GIS) design has been developed in this research to accommodate the adjusted space–time prism concept to support the representation, visualization, and analysis of potential human activities and interactions in physical and virtual spaces using the prism representation. Following the design, a prototype system has been successfully implemented in a 3D GIS environment. Such a system can provide powerful analytical tools for studies related to potential human activities and applications such as location‐based services (LBS) and accessibility analysis in the information age. 相似文献