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1.
为研究库车坳陷中-新生代物源变化与南天山构造演化的关系,对该坳陷中-新生界砂岩进行了系统取样,应用Dickinson砂岩分析方法详细研究了其沉积背景和物源变化。库车坳陷中-新生代沉积物源始终为再造山旋回带,自老到新砂岩中不稳定岩屑组份的含量有规律地变化:从三叠系到侏罗系,岩屑组份中沉积岩岩屑含量最高;白垩系中变质岩岩屑增多;新生界特别是新近系,碳酸盐岩岩屑所占的比例很大。岩屑组份的这种变化反映了天山地区隆升和剥蚀的一个历史过程。随着山脉隆升幅度和剥蚀强度的加大,古生界变质岩和碳酸盐岩逐步接受剥蚀,并在白垩纪以后成为盆地沉积物的主要物源。根据风化指数半定量计算的结果,结合前人古气候的研究成果,早-中三叠世该区沉积物风化程度低,推测此时地形高差较大;在晚三叠世至晚侏罗世该区风化程度较高,地形起伏较低;白垩纪是一个转折期,沉积物风化程度由强转变为弱,地形高差在该期也有所增大;古近纪延续了这种趋势。新近纪以后地形高差显著加大,沉积物风化程度明显降低,说明此时南天山的隆升速率和库车坳陷的沉积速率都很快,源区与沉积区的距离很近。 相似文献
2.
《Sedimentary Geology》2007,193(1-4):59-69
Transverse kames, forming trains perpendicular to the direction of ice-sheet advance, are rare morphological elements in previously glaciated areas. The genesis of an example from the ice-contact zone of the Wartanian glaciation in eastern Poland is discussed. The transverse kames there form two main, distinctly separated, sub-parallel trains. Their sedimentary successions fill erosional troughs incised in the pre-Wartanian deposits on northern slopes. They consist of thick glaciofluvial sand and glaciofluvial/glaciolacustrine sandy/silty units that are covered with a thin, usually discontinuous, glacial till succession. The genesis of this kame type has been modelled. It is concluded that transverse kames developed in two phases: (1) erosion of the substratum in subglacial channels during initial deglaciation, and (2) glaciofluvial deposition in crevasses during advanced deglaciation (in the form of low-energy fans periodically submerged under stagnant water), followed locally by a cover of flowtills. Both the ablation of the ice and the accumulation of the kame deposits were controlled by the co-occurrence of ice zones either enriched or impoverished with sediment. Zonal enrichment of ice with debris was determined by the development of shear zones over substratum elevations that were inclined up-ice. The formation and subsequent infilling of crevasses both took place in zones of relatively clean ice, so that the resulting kames form a train perpendicular to the direction of ice movement. 相似文献
3.
Geological sections from gravel pits and coastal cliffs at Hindsholm, Funen, Denmark are described. By combining information from these sections at least three kineto-stratigraphic drift units can he demonstrated. The oldest unit is represented by glacial drift and structures which are the result of an ice sheet moving from NE. The intermediate unit consists of glacial drift and structures formed by a movement from SW. The youngest unit is associated with a glacial movement from SSE. This last movement drumlinized preexisting kames and dislocated earlier glacial drifts. Younger kames and real drumlins were also formed at this stage. A stationary ice margin along the line Skoven - Fyns Hoved - Røsnas is proposed. 相似文献
4.
二叠纪湘中南区出现了明显的沉积相分异。相分异受多种因素控制:古陆和水下古隆起的存在影响了原始基底地形和陆源碎屑的分布,从而导致了沉积差异;沉积物厚度和性质的差异形成同沉积断层;沉积作用和构造作用的综合导致沉积基底的地势差异;沉积基底的地势差异和同沉积断层又进一步产生沉积物性质和厚度的分异;而这一切又和盆地的演化密切相关。沉积相分异是伴随盆地的演化发生的,其实质是克拉通内盆地演化与造山过程间的耦合关系。 相似文献
5.
D. HELING 《Sedimentology》1967,8(1):63-72
The salinity facies of the Keuper sediments on the basis of the determination of boron content The boron concentration of illites from sediments of the German Keuper Basin has been investigated in order to define palaeosalinity. The regional boron distribution of the Schilfsandstein and Lettenkeupersandstein Formations which have been sedimented in great lateral uniformity plainly corresponds with the current directions evaluated from cross-bedding measurements. Short-time variations of palaeosalinity during the Gipskeuper Formation have no effect on boron concentration, thus confirming the laboratory experiments of the installation of boron in illites which indicated that considerable time is required for establishing the boron- illite equilibrium. The present investigations show that boron in illites can be success- fully applied to regional problems provided that close consideration is given to the mineralogical composition of the sediment. 相似文献
6.
Helena Alexanderson Lena Adrielsson Christian Hjort Per Mller Oleg Antonov Saskia Eriksson Maksim Pavlov 《第四纪科学杂志》2002,17(4):361-382
The sediment–landform associations of the northern Taymyr Peninsula in Arctic Siberia tell a tale of ice sheets advancing from the Kara Sea shelf and inundating the peninsula, probably three times during the Weichselian. In each case the ice sheet had a margin frozen to its bed and an interior moving over a deforming bed. The North Taymyr ice‐marginal zone (NTZ) comprises ice‐marginal and supraglacial landsystems dominated by thrust‐block moraines 2–3 km wide and large‐scale deformation of sediments and ice. Large areas are still underlain by remnant glacier ice and a supraglacial landscape with numerous ice‐walled lakes and kames is forming even today. The proglacial landsystem is characterised by subaqueous (e.g. deltas) or terrestrial (e.g. sandar) environments, depending on location/altitude and time of formation. Dating results (OSL, 14C) indicate that the NTZ was initiated ca. 80 kyr BP during the retreat of the Early Weichselian ice sheet and that it records the maximum limit of a Middle Weichselian glaciation (ca. 65 kyr BP). During both these events, proglacial lakes were dammed by the ice sheets. Part of the NTZ was occupied by a thin Late Weichselian ice sheet (20–12 kyr BP), resulting in subaerial proglacial drainage. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
8.
J. R. L. Allen 《Geological Journal》1974,9(2):181-208
Carbonate units occur in varying numbers in the fine-grade members of the alluvial fining-upwards cyclothems present in the Lower Old Red Sandstone of the Anglo-Welsh outcrop. They closely resemble contemporary soil-carbonates (calcretes) and hence show that the local Siluro-Devonian climate was relatively hot with a comparatively low seasonal rainfall. Compared with contemporary calcretes, the units suggest that sites on the alluvial plains were denied river-borne sediments for periods each in the general order of 104 years. The pedogenic interpretation of the carbonate units, developed in the light of the behaviour of rivers today, leads to alternative models for the geomorphology of the Siluro-Devonian alluvial plains and for their gross subsurface structure. Geomorphologically, the plains at any instant presented depositionally active and inactive areas in juxtaposition. Under some circumstances the relief was provided only by alluvial ridges. Under others, relief was afforded by valley sides and perhaps river terraces, in addition to ridges. Knowledge of the character of the Lower Old Red Sandstone in vertical sequence leaves as plausible three alternative gross structures for the alluvial pile beneath the plains. They differ chiefly in the lateral variability and connectedness of the palaeosols and place hitherto unavailable limits on the three-dimensional character of the cyclothems. 相似文献
9.
构造的第三副面孔——地貌的构造分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
G.F.Ufimtsev 《地学前缘》1995,2(1):0-0
地貌构造分析或叫新构造分析,是大地构造研究中最重要的领域。新构造学探讨地貌及相关的沉积特征,以阐明岩石圈近地表部分的新构造作用。由于Ｓ．Ｓ．Ｓｃｈｕｌｔｚ、Ｖ．Ａ．Ｏ－ｂｒｕｃｈｅｖ、Ｎ．Ｉ．Ｎｉｋｏｌａｅｖ、Ｎ．Ａ．Ｆｌｏｒｅｎｓｏｖ等人的工作,新构造学已作为一门独立的学科出现在苏联地学界。新构造学理论的基础是年轻内生作用的速率和特征与地球表面地貌的相关性。区域和应用新构造学研究的目的在于依据地貌资料编汇新构造图及进行各类地质预测。本文以中亚、东亚及整个地球为例进行了探讨。 相似文献
10.
地貌构造分析或叫新构造分析，是大地构造研究中最重要的领域。新构造学探讨地貌及相关的沉积特征，以阐明岩石圈近地表部分的新构造作用。由于Ｓ．Ｓ．Ｓｃｈｕｌｔｚ、Ｖ．Ａ．Ｏ－ｂｒｕｃｈｅｖ、Ｎ．Ｉ．Ｎｉｋｏｌａｅｖ、Ｎ．Ａ．Ｆｌｏｒｅｎｓｏｖ等人的工作，新构造学已作为一门独立的学科出现在苏联地学界。新构造学理论的基础是年轻内生作用的速率和特征与地球表面地貌的相关性。区域和应用新构造学研究的目的在于依据地貌资料编汇新构造图及进行各类地质预测。本文以中亚、东亚及整个地球为例进行了探讨。 相似文献
11.
KARl GARNLS OLL FKEDRIK BERGERSEN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1977,6(2):135-147
The morphogenesis of tills below the culmination zones of the Weichsclian inland ice has been studied an an upland area with a relief of 1500 m. The thickness of the tills varies considerably, depending principally on gee-morphology, ice-movement directions, and glaciofluvial drainage during the last deglaciation period. The thickest tills, found in valleys, accumulated in three ways. Glaciofluvial/lacustrine sediments of prcsumed Mid-Weichselian age have been discovered beneath the tills at niorc than 10 localities. The overlying tills are correlated with different phases of ice movement reconstructed on the basis of detailed studies of stt-iae. The till stratigraphy of one locality, Stenseng, is described in detail. Based upon combined analyses of texture, structure, and fabric, four different hasal tills are recognized, each corresponding to a particular ice direction. A characteristic boulder layer represents a change in thc direction of glacial movement. Boulder layers in till are thought to he essential for the development of earth pillars. 相似文献
12.
Studies made on the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of artificial sediments have shown that there are correlations between the orientation of anisotropy axes and of transport directions. Thus, the analysis of parameters of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility can constitute a means to investigate transport directions in flysch. To test this method in a natural model, the authors have made some measurements on flysch beds belonging to the “grés d'Annot complex”. The sediments have been sampled in the Contes and Peira-Cava synclines where the directions of paleocurrents have been determinated by classical methods. Results obtained both in Contes and in Peira-Cava on fine-grained detrital beds show a good agreement between directions of paleo-transport deduced from orientation of anisotropy axes and those established by classical methods on the levels showing “sole-marks”. However, in some beds of the Peira-Cava syncline, which are characterized by coarser grain size and “sole-marks” of good quality, the scattering of the directions of the anisotropy axes is very great and in some cases the measurements are not reproducible in the same sample.It appears, therefore, that the measurement of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility can constitute a good approach to analysing emplacement modes of fine-grained flysch deposits in which the use of classical methods is often difficult. This method of paleocurrent analysis complements the other techniques used in this field of research. 相似文献
13.
D. Spencer‐Jones 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):279-297
An analysis of joint patterns in the Grampians Group rocks o£ Western Victoria has established that the dominant directions are north‐north‐west, east‐north‐east, west‐north‐west, north‐north‐east and north. The master joints are steeply‐dipping structures which formed after the sediments were lithified and folded. The joint‐formation is not genetically related to the folding and post‐dates the emplacement of the igneous intrusions. Joint orientation is independent of lithology and the sediments have reacted as a uniform mass to an applied stress. The joint pattern conforms with the regional tectonic pattern of faults and lineaments which includes directions of the regmatic shear pattern of Sonder (1947). The jointing and major faulting took place during the Kanimblan Orogeny. The faulting and joint‐formation may have been contemporaneous, the faults being directions along which displacement occurred; conversely the actual movements along faults may have induced the jointing into the sediments. 相似文献
14.
ALLUVIAL STYLES AND ARCHITECTURE AS GUIDES TO CENOZOIC TECTONIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS AT THE NORTHERN MARGINS OF THE QINGHAI—XIZANG PLATEAU 相似文献
15.
Conventional stream sediment sampling in which sediments are taken from the active channels during reconnaissance regional geochemical surveys in gold exploration has over the years failed to delineate prospective target zones in northern Ghana, where the relict is flat. Whereas the technique has been successful in the south western Ghana, which is characterised by moderate to high relief, generally the savannah north is associated with low relief, commonly with flat topographies and generally decoupled stream channels. Geochemical comparison of active stream and overbank sediments in this study demonstrate that active stream channels may contain contaminated materials of recent origin, but overbank sediments, except for the uppermost horizons, represent alluvial regolith of earlier depositional cycles over time. Based on gold value repeatability, composite samples taken from the overbank sediment layers were relatively less erratic and are considered to be an appropriate geochemical medium in delineating potential regional gold targets for follow up. The results show that overbank sediment sampling can be used as a cost-effective method to define broad anomalous zones; and the technique must be considered useful during reconnaissance geochemical surveys in the savannah regions. 相似文献
16.
《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2017,128(1):125-135
This paper presents the results of an investigation of early Holocene cryptotephra layers recovered from sediments in two kettle-hole basins at Inverlair (Glen Spean) and Loch Etteridge (Glen Fernisdale). Electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) of shards from two cryptotephra layers revealed that the uppermost layer in both sequences has a composition similar to the An Druim tephra, first reported from a site in Northern Scotland. We present evidence that distinguishes the An Druim from the chemically very similar early Holocene Ashik tephra. The lowermost layer at Inverlair matches the composition of the Askja-S tephra found in the Faroe Islands, Ireland, Sweden, Germany and Switzerland. This is the first published record of the Askja-S tephra from mainland Scotland. As at other sites, the Askja-S seems to mark a short-lived climatic deterioration, most likely the Pre-Boreal Oscillation: at Inverlair it occurs just above an oscillation represented by a reduction in LOI values and in the abundance of Betula pollen, and by a peak in Juniperus pollen. The lowermost layer at Loch Etteridge has a Katla-type chemistry and extends through the upper part of the Loch Lomond (Younger Dryas/GS-1) Stadial to the Stadial/Holocene transition; it may represent a composite layer which merges the Vedde and Abernethy tephras. One of the key conclusions is that the glacial-melt deposits in the vicinity of Inverlair (kames and kame terraces) were ice-free by c. 10.83 ka (the age of the Askja-S), providing a limiting age on the disappearance of LLR ice in Glen Spean. 相似文献
17.
细粒沉积物特征及其古地理研究对含油气细粒沉积物的勘探开发、评价预测、工程技术设计等意义重大。近年来,细粒沉积物,尤其是含油气细粒沉积物研究的快速发展,带来了一系列新的研究领域。在讨论细粒沉积物的定义、分类与特征的基础上,通过分析细粒沉积的文献知识群,获取细粒沉积物、页岩研究等结构、热点与发展方向。国际上细粒沉积物研究主要关注微结构和成因机制,近年来主要在具有油气意义的特殊细粒沉积物--页岩研究方面取得关键进展,对页岩的研究过程可以分为以页岩表征为代表的主知识网络和以页岩气赋存、运移等构成的延伸知识网络。细粒沉积物古地理恢复方法丰富,适用性存在差异,但量化、多因素综合、数据集成与深度挖掘、人工智能化将是细粒沉积古地理恢复方法的方向。在含油气细粒沉积物的优选评价方面,需要对沉积物本身特征与控制影响因素展开精细研究,进而延伸出“更宏观”与“更微观”2个主要发展方向。 相似文献
18.
A series of discontinuous sediment sequences, of Plio/Pleistocene age, occur onshore around the southern North Sea margins, notably in the East Anglian region of Britain. Intensive lithological and palaeontological analyses of these sediments have shown that they record both major and minor oscillations in climate, sea level and environmental conditions. However, significant uncertainties exist regarding the absolute and relative chronostratigraphies of many of these sequences, hindering understanding of the relative impacts of climatic, eustatic and tectonic changes on the palaeogeographic development of the southern North Sea basin. Here, a number of key East Anglian Plio/Pleistocene sites are subjected to robust palaeomagnetic and mineralogical examination, in order to determine those sediments which display reliable, syn‐depositional magnetic polarities, which are thus of use in ascribing a palaeomagnetically determined age from comparison with the Geomagnetic Polarity Timescale (GPTS). Based on a range of palaeomagnetic and complementary mineralogical methods, reliable palaeomagnetic directions were obtained from eight sites, with reversed polarities displayed by sediments from three sites. These polarity determinations can be used to infer absolute ages and test published, between‐site correlations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
新疆准噶尔盆地南缘博格达山北缘地区古水流方向在晚古生代到中生代期间发生过三次重要的转变。晚石炭世晚期以前指向南,晚石炭世晚期到二叠纪期间指向东、南东东向,三叠纪—侏罗纪指向南,白垩纪及其以后指向北。结合盆地物源和沉积环境分析,博格达山北缘自晚古生代以来可划分为四个构造演化阶段,古流向转折期为盆地各期构造演化的分界线,它们是盆地对周缘造山带构造演化沉积响应的重要记录。另一方面,古水流转折时间资料的获得,对准噶尔盆地周缘不同构造带的隆升时代是一个非常重要的限定。晚石炭世晚期至二叠纪,古水流资料指示沉积物主要来自准噶尔盆地西部,准噶尔盆地西—西北缘强烈隆升,自三叠纪早期开始到侏罗纪晚期,准噶尔盆地北缘抬升,博格达山北缘沉积物主要来自北方;侏罗纪晚期到白垩纪,古水流指示沉积物主要来自盆地南部,博格达山隆起并遭受剥蚀。然而,什么原因造成石炭纪末以来,准噶尔盆地周缘几个造山带顺时针方向依次隆起,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
20.
T. Yegorova U. Bayer H. Thybo Y. Maystrenko M. Scheck-Wenderoth S.B. Lyngsie 《Tectonophysics》2007,429(1-2):133-163
We study the gravity signals from different depth levels in the lithosphere of the Central European Basin System (CEBS). The major elements of the CEBS are the Northern and Southern Permian Basins which include the Norwegian–Danish Basin (NDB), the North-German Basin (NGB) and the Polish Trough (PT). An up to 10 km thick sedimentary cover of Mesozoic–Cenozoic sediments, hides the gravity signal from below the basin and masks the heterogeneous structure of the consolidated crust, which is assumed to be composed of domains that were accreted during the Paleozoic amalgamation of Europe. We performed a three-dimensional (3D) gravity backstripping to investigate the structure of the lithosphere below the CEBS.Residual anomalies are derived by removing the effect of sediments down to the base of Permian from the observed field. In order to correct for the influence of large salt structures, lateral density variations are incorporated. These sediment-free anomalies are interpreted to reflect Moho relief and density heterogeneities in the crystalline crust and uppermost mantle. The gravity effect of the Moho relief compensates to a large extent the effect of the sediments in the CEBS and in the North Sea. Removal of the effects of large-scale crustal inhomogeneities shows a clear expression of the Variscan arc system at the southern part of the study area and the old crust of Baltica further north–east. The remaining residual anomalies (after stripping off the effects of sediments, Moho topography and large-scale crustal heterogeneities) reveal long wavelength anomalies, which are caused mainly by density variations in the upper mantle, though gravity influence from the lower crust cannot be ruled out. They indicate that the three main subbasins of the CEBS originated on different lithospheric domains. The PT originated on a thick, strong and dense lithosphere of the Baltica type. The NDB was formed on a weakened Baltica low-density lithosphere formed during the Sveco-Norwegian orogeny. The major part of the NGB is characterized by high-density lithosphere, which includes a high-velocity lower crust (relict of Baltica passive margin) overthrusted by the Avalonian terrane. The short wavelength pattern of the final residuals shows several north–west trending gravity highs between the Tornquist Zone and the Elbe Fault System. The NDB is separated by a gravity low at the Ringkøbing–Fyn high from a chain of positive anomalies in the NGB and the PT. In the NGB these anomalies correspond to the Prignitz (Rheinsberg anomaly), the Glueckstadt and Horn Graben, and they continue further west into the Central Graben, to join with the gravity high of the Central North Sea. 相似文献