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西部地下水资源勘查的综合地球物理问题-以鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系地下水勘查为例 总被引：1，自引：8，他引：1
西部地下水资源勘查不再是单纯的地理、地质和水文方面的问题。由于地下水的深赋存性质，决定了西部地下水的勘查与油气勘探一样，是深层的地球物理问题。地下水研究所涉及的基础地质问题、地层的含水性问题和水质问题是目前地下水水文地质研究的关键。这三个问题的有效解决，必须依靠勘探地球物理方法技术的有效运用和新方法、新技术的研究开发。本文在阐述地下水水文地质研究现状和面临问题的同时，就目前地球物理勘探技术的发展水平和在西部的发展状况，以鄂尔多斯盆地地下水勘查为例，提出了利用已有物探资料为地下水勘查服务的地球物理解决方案，从理论方法上证明其可行性，并提出了建立示范区研究的必要性，以期对目前正兴起的西部水资源研究提供参考。 相似文献
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地球生物学是地球科学与生命科学的交叉学科,其核心任务是探讨生物与环境的相互作用和协同演化.在分析国际地球生物学的研究进展、中国科学院学部地球生物学前沿论坛成果以及本专辑代表性论文的基础上,本文简要评述了重大地质突变期的地球生物学、地质微生物与全球环境变化以及极端环境地球生物学这三大主题的主要研究进展和存在的科学问题.在重大地质突变期的地球生物学方面,人们已经认识到生命的起源、辐射、灭绝和复苏等重大生命事件的发生与地球深部过程以及受其影响的海-陆-气环境过程密切相关;但对于地质历史时期生物与环境是如何协同演化的,其具体的机制和动力学过程是什么,还知之甚少.在地质微生物与全球环境变化方面,各类地质微生物功能群不仅灵敏地响应地质环境的变化,而且通过元素循环和矿物转变对地质环境产生重要影响;但人们对不同地质微生物功能群是如何通过协同作用而改变地质环境的,还了解得很少.在极端环境地球生物学方面,人们从深海、冰川冻土、地下水、洞穴和热泉等极端环境中发现和分离出一些重要的微生物,并开展了许多生物学的研究;但真正能上升到极端环境地球生物学的研究很少,极端环境微生物的地球化学功能还远未查明.地球生物学将大大拓展生物过程研究的时空范畴,在资源领域和全球变化领域有广阔的应用前景.地球生物学需要多学科的协同研究,包括加强地质微生物的研究,加强生物地球化学循环的数据库建设和定量化模型研究,加强各类典型地质环境条件的研究,加强生物过程与物理化学过程的耦合研究. 相似文献
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在美国国家科学基金会支持下，美国科学家正在制定一项新的大洋地幔动力学计划，目的是用新一代高分辨率海洋观测设备，检验板块构造和对流的地球动力学模型。板块构造革命为描述固体地球内部动力学过程提供了一个定量的运动学框架。35年来，地质、地球物理、地球化学观测和数 相似文献
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地核能量的积累与释放 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
地核不仅具有巨量热能，而且有巨量旋转能，这是地球能量释放的内因；天文因素使地核产生周期性的南北振荡，是地球能量间歇性释放的外因。地质旋回与天文周期直接相关，可以根据天文周期预测未来的地质变化。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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