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1.
胶州湾中汞的含量及其形态的分布规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1987年5月、9月和1988年1月调查了胶州湾表层海水、浮游植物和表层沉积物中汞含量。溶解无机汞含量的变化范围为0.63—4.4ng/dm~3,溶解总汞含量的变化范围为2.5—40ng/dm~3,浮游植物含量变化范围为1.1—25ng/g(湿重)。测定结果表明,胶州湾中汞含量和分布规律与浮游植物的盛衰和陆地迳流有关。有机汞和COD之间存在着线性关系,溶解无机汞含量随叶绿素a含量增加呈指数下降,表明浮游植物对汞的富集及其在海水中形态的转化起着十分重要的作用。 相似文献
2.
胶州湾东部锡的输入、形态特征和生物地球化学过程 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
自1990年7月～1991年5月取样测量了胶州湾东部各形态锡的季节序列变化.溶解无机锡、有机锡和颗粒态锡的百分比表明了锡形态分布的区域特征及可能的输入.丰水期(7月),各形态锡出现异常高值(DISn76.7ng/dm3,DOSn546.1ng/dm3,PSn688.6ng/dm3),表明陆源输入的主要作用.随着湾内海水盐度升高,溶解态无机、有机锡呈现外海低值的特征,但颗粒锡占据了绝对比例.极高的颗粒物富集因子(8.5×104～2.2×105)和浮游生物富集因子(5.1×104～7.0×105),说明水体锡的强颗粒物活性和生物获得性,对排除无机、有机锡起重要作用.相反,沉积物中锡的甲基化则将是锡从沉积转入水体的重要途径. 相似文献
3.
九龙江河口区稀土元素地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）对2007年10月航次采集的九龙江河口区溶解态、悬浮颗粒态、沉积物样品中的稀土元素（REEs）进行了测定,对REEs的地球化学特征进行研究.结果表明,REEs在各相态中的含量范围如下：溶解态的为0.1 ng/dm^3（Eu）～1.96μg/dm^3（Ce）,悬浮颗粒态的为0.28（Tm）～142.83（Ce）mg/kg,沉积物的为0.25（Tm）～99.65（Ce）mg/kg;溶解态、悬浮颗粒态及沉积物中REEs球粒陨石标准化配分曲线均表现为负斜率型,九龙江河口为LREE相对HREE富集型河口.九龙江河口溶解态、悬浮颗粒态、沉积物三相态中REEs含量受流域土壤、地表径流等源区因素影响较大.Ce异常值在各相态中表现为负异常. 相似文献
4.
沉积物中磷的存在形态及其生物可利用性研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
用MgCl2,NaOH和HCl对大亚湾的大鹏澳、南海的珠江口、厦门湾的胡里山沉积物进行了逐级提取和总磷分析,并以这3种沉积物为惟一磷源培养小球藻和球等鞭金藻,估算了藻类对沉积物中磷的可利用量.结果表明,3种沉积物总磷含量分别为449.3,650.1和643.9mg/kg;MgCl2和NaOH提取的生物可利用的非磷灰石无机磷分别为168.8,146.6和118.1mg/kg.非磷灰石无机磷占总磷的18.3%～32.6%.3种提取剂对3种沉积物提取的磷是HCl提取相最大,NaOH提取相次之,MgCl2提取相最小.小球藻和球等鞭金藻在3种沉积物中的最大相对生长率为4.3%～26.9%,两种藻在3种沉积物中的生长与非磷灰石无机磷和藻类可利用的颗粒磷量相对应.颗粒磷占非磷灰石无机磷的42.4%～78.2%,占沉积物中总无机磷的21.1%～27.1%,占总磷的11.8%～20.3%. 相似文献
5.
测定了福建省泉州深沪湾海水、沉积物和生物体中的总汞含量,测定了沉积物、生物体中的甲基汞含量.海水总汞含量范围是1.16 ～7.29 ng/dm3,平均值为3.32 ng/dm3.沉积物中总汞含量为0.006～0.066 μg/g,甲基汞占总汞的比例为4.7％ ～38.6％,该比例与总汞含量呈负相关关系(r=-0.840,p＜0.05),这可能是因为总汞含量的升高使甲基汞合成反应受到抑制,导致反应速率降低甚至为负,即甲基汞的分解.生物体中总汞含量为0.037 ～0.353 μg/g(干重),甲基汞含量为1.01 ～42.50 ng/g(干重),甲基汞占总汞的比例为1.5％ ～40.4％.甲基汞含量与总汞含量显著相关(r =0.484,p＜0.10);总汞含量与甲基汞占总汞比例略有相关(r=-0.293,p＜0.10);甲基汞含量与其占总汞比例无相关性(r=0.061,p＞0.05).可以推测,生物体中的总汞和甲基汞都是外源性的,不同生物体甲基汞占总汞的比例变化很大.对深沪湾居民进行海产品摄入量评估,以美国EPA规定的甲基汞参考计量0.1 μg/(kg·d)为标准,计算得深沪湾周边居民每周食用3次(600g)湾内的海产品是安全的,不会产生汞中毒.未来还需要测定海水中甲基汞的含量,用以计算生物富集因子,表征不同生物对甲基汞的富集程度;通过测定鱼体中的δ13C、δ15N比值来确定不同鱼类的营养级,进而研究甲基汞的生物累积效应与营养级的关系. 相似文献
6.
厦门西港和九龙江口悬浮颗粒中主要元素含量及其控制因素的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
厦门西港和九龙江口春季(3月)表层海水TSM含量分别为17.80±6.16和60.11±75.25mg/dm~3,整个调查海区平均为38.96±56.50mg/dm~3。河流输入是河口区悬浮颗粒的主要来源。悬浮颗粒中Si,Al,Fe的含量最大(47.4～190×10~(-3),C,Ca,Mg,Ti,Mn的含量次之(平均在1.6～29.5×10~(-3)),其它元素的含量一般小于1×10~(-3)。因子分布表明:陆源输入、各种地球化学过程以及与生物活动有关的过程是控制悬浮颗粒化学组成的主要因素。 相似文献
7.
为了解胶州湾水体和表层沉积物营养环境状况及其主要影响因素,于2019年8月在胶州湾30个站位点采集了海水和表层沉积物样品,并于2021年5月在胶州湾沿岸采集了18个站位点的水样,对水体溶解无机态营养盐浓度和组成以及表层沉积物中总有机碳、总氮、总磷及生物硅含量和碳、氮稳定同位素(δ13C、δ15N)进行了分析。结果表明,胶州湾内水体和沿岸水体中溶解无机氮、溶解无机磷和溶解硅酸盐浓度空间分布相近,高值均位于湾东北部,主要受到河流输入和沿岸污水排放的影响,低值主要出现在湾中部和湾口处。结合近30年来的历史数据分析发现,胶州湾夏季营养盐浓度在1990-2008年期间呈持续上升的趋势,政府实施的污染物总量控制措施以及河流径流量下降使得2006年以来营养盐浓度呈现下降的趋势,该变化在空间上主要体现为大沽河氮、磷输入量的减少及其对应的湾西部营养盐高值的消失。胶州湾氮、磷营养盐输入的不平衡使得“磷限制”在2000年后逐渐加剧。胶州湾表层沉积物中总有机碳、总氮、总磷含量高值均集中于东北部和东部沿岸,结合生物硅和水体营养盐含量分析显示,这主要是河流与排污输入及其... 相似文献
8.
胶州湾东部水体、浮游植物和沉积物中的砷 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
根据胶州湾四个航次中水体的溶解态总砷c（AS）、溶解态三价砷c（AS（Ⅲ））、悬浮物总砷（Asp）、浮游植物总砷（Asph）、沉积物酸萃取态砷（SAsH）的调查数据，指出c（As）含量未超过国家一类海水水质标准，其高值区位于四方近岸，并由近岸向远岸浓度逐渐降低。由悬浮颗粒物、浮游植物和沉积物对水体中砷的富集因子，指出三者在砷的循环和迁移中起主导作用。 相似文献
9.
东海表层水体中的多环芳烃及其沉积通量估算 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以东海陆架水体中溶解态多环芳烃(PAHs)含量为基础,引入颗粒相-水相间的物质吸附系数(Koc)计算悬浮颗粒物中PAHs有机碳归一化含量,结合陆架沉积物有机碳的年埋藏通量,估算东海陆架沉积物中PAHs沉积通量。结果显示:水体中溶解态的15种PAHs总含量为(701±392)ng/L,变化范围为412~1 032ng/L,PAHs组成以3环为主。计算得到的悬浮颗粒物中15种PAHs有机碳归一化含量为20~28μg/g,对应的PAHs沉积通量为150~210t/a。估算结果与实测沉积物中PAHs含量和沉积通量结果基本吻合,表明实验室模拟实验获取的化合物Koc值适用于东海颗粒相-水相间的分配模型,证实悬浮颗粒物有机碳含量在控制PAHs两相分布过程中起着重要作用。同时,该方法为海洋沉积物中PAHs沉积通量的估算提供一种新途径。 相似文献
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2005年7月在赤道东北太平洋的3个测站分层采集了悬浮体水样.利用ICP-MS对悬浮体的元素组成进行了测试,从测试的47种元素中筛选出了钡和铝分别作为悬浮体生源组分和陆源组分的示踪元素.悬浮体中钡含量为0.02~0.19μg/dm3,其中生源钡含量为0.01~0.13μg/dm3,铝含量为0.33~18.54μg/dm3.生源钡和铝元素含量及其比值在水体中的分布特征与悬浮体含量的相对应,分为三段.水体透光层生物作用和近底层底质沉积物再悬浮作用是其在水体表层和近底层显著变化的原因.近底雾状层内生源钡和铝元素含量的比值从水体向底质沉积物中降低,至底质沉积物降到最低,显示出底质沉积物再悬浮对悬浮体组分和含量的影响,可以作为近底雾状层颗粒物质运移的示踪指标. 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
14.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
16.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
17.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献