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A series of hydraulic model tests are carried out to investigate random wave run-up and overtopping on smooth, impermeable single slope and composite slope. Based on analysis of the influences of wave steepness, structure slope, incident wave angle, width of the berm and water depth on the berm and the wave run-up, empirical formulas for wave run-up on dike are proposed. Moreover, empirical formula on estimating the wave run-up on composite slope with multiple berms is presented for practical application of complex dike cross-section. The present study shows that the influence factors for wave overtopping are almost the same as those for wave run-up and the trend of the wave overtopping variation with main influence parameters is also similar to that for wave run-up. The trend of the wave overtopping discharge variations can be well described by two main factors, i.e. the wave run-up and the crest freeboard of the structure. A new prediction method for wave overtopping discharge is proposed for random waves. The proposed prediction formulas are applied to case study of over forty cases and the results show that the prediction methods are good enough for practical design purposes. 相似文献
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Running attitudes of semi-displacement vessels are significantly changed at high speed and thus have an effect on resistance performance and stability of the vessel. There have been many theoretical approaches about the prediction of running attitudes of high-speed vessels in calm water. Most of them proposed theoretical formulations for the prismatic hard-chine planing hull. In this paper, running attitudes of a semi-displacement round bilge vessel are theoretically predicted and verified by high-speed model tests. Previous calculation methods for hard-chine planing vessels are extended to be applied to semi-displacement round bilge vessels. Force and moment components acting on the vessel are estimated in the present iteration program. Hydrodynamic forces are calculated by ‘added mass planing theory’, and near-transom correction function is modified to be suitable to a semi-displacement vessel. Next, ‘plate pressure distribution method’ is proposed as a new hydrodynamic force calculation method. Theoretical pressure model of the 2-dimensional flat plate is distributed on the instantaneous waterplane corresponding to the attitude of the vessel, and hydrodynamic force and moment are estimated by integration of those pressures. Calculations by two methods show good agreements with experimental results. 相似文献
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Zhang Dacuo Wu Zengmao Jiang Decai Wang Wei Chen Bohai Tai Weitao Wen Shengchang Xu Qichun Guo Peifang 《海洋学报(英文版)》1992,11(2):157-178
In the first part of the present paper we have explained why we manage to formulate another wave prediction model when so many of them, including the so-called third generation model, have already been in use. The wind-wave part of the proposed model has also been given. Now we proceed to discuss the swell part,the implementation of the model as a prediction method,mumerical experiments done with ideal wind fields and hindcasts made in the Bohai Sea,in the neighboring seas adjacent to China and in the Northwest Pacific. 相似文献
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针对赤潮灾害等级预测难的现状,提出了一种基于C4.5决策树与二分分割算法优化的BP(反向传播)神经网络赤潮等级预测模型。该模型针对传统BP神经网络输入参数难以选择和隐含层节点数量难以确定的问题,通过决策树分类获取最优的属性组合,来解决输入参数难以选择的问题;通过"二分分割算法",来解决隐含层节点数难以确定的问题。实验结果表明,该模型在青岛近海海域赤潮灾害等级预测中,预测结果的均方根误差(RMSE)小于传统BP神经网络的预测误差,并且在网络训练时间上有所缩短,预测精度上有所提高,能够获得良好的预测结果,可为赤潮等级预测提供新的解决方法。 相似文献
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An approximate model for nonlinear dispersion in monochromatic wave propagation models 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A method is proposed for smoothly matching an approximate, shallow-water dispersion relation to an analytically obtained relation for intermediate and deep water. The method provides a correct limit for increasing water depth in the case of weakly non-linear waves, and provides a smooth prediction of wave parameters for the entire range of water depth. The model is applied to a parabolic equation form of the combined refraction-diffraction model, and numerical results are presented in comparison to published data. 相似文献
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In the last few decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to the phenomenon of wave-induced liquefactions, because it is one of the most important factors for analysing the seabed and designing marine structures. Although numerous studies of wave-induced liquefaction have been carried out, comparatively little is known about the impact of liquefaction on marine structures. Furthermore, most previous researches have focused on complicated mathematical theories and some laboratory work. In the present study, a data dependent approach for the prediction of the wave-induced liquefaction depth in a porous seabed is proposed, based on a multi-artificial neural network (MANN) method. Numerical results indicate that the MANN model can provide an accurate prediction of the wave-induced maximum liquefaction depth with 10% of the original database. This study demonstrates the capacity of the proposed MANN model and provides coastal engineers with another effective tool to analyse the stability of the marine sediment. 相似文献
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海洋立管是深海油气开发中用于连接海底井口和水面浮体的唯一通道。立管在洋流作用下极易发生涡激振动（vortex-induced vibration,简称VIV）,发展快速经验性涡激振动时域预报方法对立管的安全设计具有重要意义。通过柔性立管模型试验,结合载荷重构方法和最小二乘法,识别建立了能量竞争载荷模型下的经验水动力载荷系数模型。应用识别建立的经验水动力载荷系数模型,发展形成了海洋立管顺流向及横流向双向涡激振动时域预报方法。将预报结果与试验结果对比,结果表明：基于能量竞争载荷模型的海洋立管双向涡激振动预报方法能够有效预报海洋立管涡激振动主导模态、主导频率、流向平均位移响应和涡激振动位移响应等力学行为特性。研究成果对发展更为有效的涡激振动预报手段具有有益参考。 相似文献
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This paper proposes a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based unsteady RANS model which enables the prediction of the effect of marine coatings and biofouling on ship resistance and presents CFD simulations of the roughness effects on the resistance and effective power of the full-scale 3D KRISO Container Ship (KCS) hull.Initially, a roughness function model representing a typical coating and different fouling conditions was developed by using the roughness functions given in the literature. This model then was employed in the wall-function of the CFD software and the effects of a typical as applied coating and different fouling conditions on the frictional resistance of flat plates representing the KCS were predicted for a design speed of 24 knots and a slow steaming speed of 19 knots using the proposed CFD model. The roughness effects of such conditions on the resistance components and effective power of the full-scale 3D KCS model were then predicted at the same speeds. The resulting frictional resistance values of the present study were then compared with each other and with results obtained using the similarity law analysis. The increase in the effective power of the full-scale KCS hull was predicted to be 18.1% for a deteriorated coating or light slime whereas that due to heavy slime was predicted to be 38% at a ship speed of 24 knots. In addition, it was observed that the wave resistance and wave systems are significantly affected by the hull roughness and hence viscosity. 相似文献
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By coupling numerical wave model (NWM) and artificial neural networks (ANNs), a new procedure for wave prediction is proposed. In many situations, numerical wave modeling is not justified due to economical consideration. Although incorporation of an ANN model is inexpensive, such a model needs a long time period of wave data for training, which is generally inconvenient to achieve. A proper combination of these two methods could carry the potentials of both. Based on the proposed approach, wave data are generated by a NWM by means of a short period of assumed winds at a concerned point. Then, an ANN is designed and trained using the above-mentioned generated wind-wave data. This ANN model is capable of mapping wind-velocity time series to wave height and period time series with low cost and acceptable accuracy. The method was applied for wave hindcasting to two different sites; Lake Superior and the Pacific Ocean. Simulation results show the superiority of the proposed approach. 相似文献
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In this paper we present a process-based numerical model for the prediction of storm hydrodynamics and hydrology on gravel beaches. The model comprises an extension of an existing open-source storm-impact model for sandy coasts (XBeach), through the application of (1) a non-hydrostatic pressure correction term that allows wave-by-wave modelling of the surface elevation and depth-averaged flow, and (2) a groundwater model that allows infiltration and exfiltration through the permeable gravel bed to be simulated, and is referred to as XBeach-G. Although the model contains validated sediment transport relations for sandy environments, transport relations for gravel in the model are currently under development and unvalidated. Consequently, all simulations in this paper are carried out without morphodynamic feedback. Modelled hydrodynamics are validated using data collected during a large-scale physical model experiment and detailed in-situ field data collected at Loe Bar, Cornwall, UK, as well as remote-sensed data collected at four gravel beach locations along the UK coast during the 2012–2013 storm season. Validation results show that the model has good skill in predicting wave transformation (overall SCI 0.14–0.21), run-up levels (SCI < 0.12; median error < 10%) and initial wave overtopping (85–90% prediction rate at barrier crest), indicating that the model can be applied to estimate potential storm impact on gravel beaches. The inclusion of the non-hydrostatic pressure correction term and groundwater model is shown to significantly improve the prediction and evolution of overtopping events. 相似文献
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海洋等工程结构物在服役过程中的受载历程是一个随机过程。研究裂纹在谱载荷作用下的扩展规律对可靠预报平台等结构物的疲劳寿命具有十分重要的意义。提出了一个由应力比和裂纹尖端约束及塑性区尺寸为主要参数计算裂纹张开比,来考查载荷相互作用下疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的计算模型。用该模型对几种谱载荷作用下疲劳实验结果进行了预测,将预测结果与不考虑裂纹闭合的线性损伤模型及疲劳计算程序FASTRAN的预测结果进行了比较,表明本模型能较好地预测谱载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展。 相似文献
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基于调和分析法与ANFIS系统的综合潮汐预报模型 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
港口沿岸地区以及河流入海口等地区的精确潮汐预报对于各种海洋工程作业有着非常重要的意义。潮汐水位的变化受到众多复杂因素的影响,而且这些复杂的因素往往有着较强的实变性和非线性。为了进一步提高沿岸港口码头等水域的潮汐水位的预测精度,本文提出了一种基于调和分析模型与自适应神经模糊推理系统相结合的模块化潮汐水位预测模型;并采用相关分析确定整个预测模型的输入维数;模块化将潮汐分解为两部分：由天体引潮力形成的天文潮部分和由各种天气以及环境因素引起非天文潮部分。其中调和分析法用于天文潮部分的预测,ANFIS用于预测具有较强非线性的非文潮部分。模块化综合了两种方法的优势,即调和分析法能够实现长期、稳定的天文潮预报,ANFIS能够以较高的精度实现潮汐非线性拟合与预测。模型使用ANFIS模型和调和分析模型分别对潮汐的非天文潮和天文潮部分进行仿真预测,然后将两部分的预测结果综合形成最终的潮汐预测值。此外,本文选用三种不同的模糊规则生成方法（grid partition （GP）,fuzzy c-means （FCM） and sub-clustering （SC））生成完整的ANFIS系统,并使用实测数据进行验证用以选取最优的ANFIS预测模型。最后将最优的ANFIS模型与调和分析模型相结合进行潮汐水位的最终预报。仿真实验选用Fort Pulaski潮汐观测站的实测潮汐值数据进行预报的仿真实验,仿真结果验证了该模型的可行性与有效性并取得了良好的效果,具有较高的预报精度。 相似文献
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The multi-spring shear mechanism plastic model in this paper is defined in strain space to simulate pore pressure generation and development in sands under cyclic loading and undrained conditions,and the rotation of principal stresses can also be simulated by the model with cyclic behavior of anisotropic consolidated sands.Seismic residual deformations of typical caisson quay walls under different engineering situations are analyzed in detail by the plastic model,and then an index of liquefaction extent is applied to describe the regularity of seismic residual deformation of caisson quay wall top under different engineering situations.Some correlated prediction formulas are derived from the results of regression analysis between seismic residual deformation of quay wall top and extent of liquefaction in the relative safety backfill sand site.Finally,the rationality and the reliability of the prediction methods are validated by test results of a 120 g-centrifuge shaking table,and the comparisons show that some reliable seismic residual deformation of caisson quay can be predicted by appropriate prediction formulas and appropriate index of liquefaction extent. 相似文献
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为满足当前港口工程对精细化潮流预报的需求,通过比较准调和分析、流体动力——数学模型、最小二乘法三种潮流预报方法,认为最小二乘法的调和分析方法最为适用于小尺度水域的潮流预报。该方法选择以定点及漂流观测获取码头前沿水域的实测流况资料,通过分析实测资料,了解所在水域的潮流特征,再结合最小二乘法调和分析,对前沿水域进行定点的潮流预报。 相似文献
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海表面温度预报在海洋相关领域具有重要的实用价值,随着遥感信息采集技术的不断发展和完善,区域内海表面温度数据采集的完整性得到了保障。现今大多数方法在预报海表面温度时,只考虑了海表面温度的时间相关性,并未利用其空间相关性,使得预报精度受到限制。针对该问题,本文将区域内每天的海表面温度数据作为一个矩阵输入模型,便于时间和空间信息的提取,并提出了CA-ConvLSTM模型来预报海表面温度。该模型首先利用卷积层对海表面温度矩阵进行局部特征提取,然后通过注意力模型为矩阵序列分配权重,将权重与矩阵序列对应相乘得到加权特征序列,最后,利用ConvLSTM进行预报,获得未来一天或五天内的海表面温度。通过实验确定模型的结构、输入尺寸和k值,再将CA-ConvLSTM与SVR、LSTM和ConvLSTM进行对比。实验结果表明:CA-ConvLSTM的均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)和预报精度(Prediction Accuracy,PACC)指标均要优于其他三种预报方法,验证了本文方法的有效性。 相似文献
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随机波浪作用下海洋平台主动控制的时滞补偿研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于预测控制理论，研究了适用于海洋平台的时滞补偿控制算法。该方法借助于随机波浪力的近似公式和卡尔曼滤波原理，推导出了随机波浪力向前一步预测公式，同时采用卡尔曼滤波方程，实现了对状态向量向前一步预测。利用随机波浪力及状态向量的实时在线预测公式，推导出最优控制力向前一步预测的表达式。在此基础上，发展了不仅适用于反馈控制系统而且适用于前馈-反馈控制系统的时滞补偿算法。采用一典型海洋平台为数值算例，计算结果表明，该方法在一定时滞范围内对海洋平台主动控制中时滞的补偿效果是显著的。 相似文献
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海面高度异常 （SSHA） 作为重要的海洋要素，对研究海洋温盐剖面、海洋涡旋等海洋动力现象具有重要意义。然而，传统的海洋预测技术存在着预测时效过短、预测过程复杂等诸多问题，现有的机器学习预测方法也只针对几个点或区域
进行平均，忽略了很多重要信息。因此，本文提出了一种基于经验正交函数和 BP 神经网络 （一种机器学习方法） 的 SSHA预测模型 （EOF-BPNN） 来实现对起报时刻后 30 天的南海 SSHA 预测。首先，对 1993 年 1 月 1 日—2013 年 12 月 31 日的逐日 SSHA 数据进行距平归一化预处理，构建相关系数矩阵，并对该矩阵进行 EOF 分解，获取主成分。然后将主成分输入 BP神经网络进行训练，实现对主成分的预测。最后将主成分预测值与相应的空间模态结合，获取 SSHA 预测值。结果表明，相较于惯性预报和气候态预报，EOF-BPNN 模型不仅能够提供提前 30 天的较为精确的 SSHA 和相应的涡旋演化过程预报，且在整个南海区域拥有更高的 SSHA 相关系数，证明了 EOF-BPNN 模型具有较好的预测性能。 相似文献
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The synthetic fiber ropes such as the aramid and polyester ones applied to deepwater mooring systems always exhibit obvious time-dependent like creep and recovery behaviors due to the viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity of the materials, which affect not only the modulus evolution of mooring ropes but also the dynamic response and fatigue performance of the taut-wire mooring system. In the present work, the Schapery's theory combined with Owen's one-dimensional rheological model is proposed to describe both viscoelastic and viscoplastic behaviors of the aramid and polyester fiber ropes. In the viscoelastic part, the Prony series is chosen to describe the transient compliance, which is more accurate than other functions especially under complex loadings; in the viscoplastic part, the adopted viscoplastic function is more suitable for the strain hardening behaviors and the stable state of the materials under variable stress levels. Detailed methods for identifying the model parameters are proposed, which can be applied to any component of the fiber rope such as the fiber, yarn, sub-rope and rope. The present model is capable of quantitatively capturing the change-in-length properties of fiber ropes reported by Flory et al., and can be easily incorporated in the commercial software for mooring analysis. In order to examine the feasibility and precision of the model, the viscoelastic and viscoplastic strains are calculated and compared with experimental and other numerical simulation results. It is observed that there is a good agreement between the predicted and experimental data, and the physically irrational results caused by the key parameter DP previously noticed by Chailleux and Davies can be well eliminated. The present model provides a better tool to further understand the nonlinear behaviors of synthetic fiber ropes for deepwater moorings. 相似文献
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预测圆柱涡激振动的尾流振子模型中,通常采用线性的耦合模型,例如位移或者速度、加速度耦合来表征结构对尾流的作用。三种线性模型在预测圆柱锁频阶段的动力特性时存在差异,而且适用范围也受质量比的限制。提出了考虑结构与尾流动力非线性耦合的模型,该模型基于加速度耦合并结合速度耦合进行修正,适用范围不受质量比的影响;与实验结果的对比表明该模型可以更合理地给出锁频区域以及结构位移响应和尾流升力。最后,利用新模型讨论了质量比对锁频阶段结构振动幅值、尾流升力及频率比的影响;结果表明,随着质量比的增大,结构锁频区域变窄,结构振幅和尾流升力幅值减小。 相似文献