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1.
We discuss the results of measurements of the thermal conductivity of the Bazhenovo Formation rocks from wells drilled in the Salym petroliferous area of the West Siberian Plate. The thermal conductivity was measured by “Thermal-conductivity comparator” and “Scanning thermal-conductivity meter” in different years. A total of 225 measurements were made in two directions with respect to the rock layering: parallel (λ1) and orthogonal (λ2). The results show that the Bazhenovo Formation rocks are mostly of abnormally low thermal conductivity: λ1 = 1.0–2.3 W/(m⋅K) (average is 1.6 W/(m⋅K)) and λ2 = 0.8–1.9 W/(m⋅K) (average is 1.3 W/(m⋅K)). This leads to an abnormal increase in geothermal gradient within the Bazhenovo Formation. Such geothermal-gradient anomalies can be easily revealed by high-precision thermal logging. It is also shown that the thermal conductivity of the studied rocks is in inverse relationship with their organic-matter content.  相似文献   

2.
We analyze the results of measurements of the thermal conductivity, porosity, and permeability of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks from wells drilled in the northeast of the West Siberian Plate and in the Cis-Yenisei basin. The thermal conductivity was measured by a “Thermal-conductivity comparator”, and the porosity and permeability were determined using standard techniques. A total of 135 samples of dry rocks were studied for thermal conductivity (Ad). Ninety-two of them were then saturated with water, and their thermal conductivity was measured again. The average thermal conductivity of dry and water-saturated (Aw) sedimentary rocks is 1.8-2.0 W/m/K and 2.4-2.8 W/m/K, respectively. Porosity (Kpor) was measured for 95 samples, and permeability (Kperm), for 44 samples. Comparison of the results of measurements revealed stable linear correlations between the thermal conductivity of dry samples and Aw, Kpor, and Kperm. The established dependences are proposed for the express evaluation of the thermal (Aw from Ad and Kpor values) and structural (Kpor and Kperm from Ad values) properties of sedimentary rocks, though the revealed correlations need further refinement.  相似文献   

3.
本次研究采用瞬态平面源法对松辽盆地北部76个钻孔的263个岩心样品进行了岩石热导率测试。岩心的实测热导率集中在0.58~3.00 W/(m·K)之间, 平均为(1.77±0.64) W/(m·K); 泥岩、粉砂岩、砂岩、砾岩平均热导率分别为(1.30±0.39) W/(m·K)、(1.89±0.64) W/(m·K)、(1.91±0.37) W/(m·K)、(2.18±0.57) W/(m·K); 变质岩、火成岩平均热导率分别为(2.75±0.67) W/(m·K)、(2.70±0.45) W/(m·K)。碎屑岩和凝灰岩热导率整体上呈现出随着埋深和地层年龄的增加而增大的趋势, 而砾岩和变质岩变化趋势不明显。分析了压实成岩作用、砂岩的矿物含量和岩石的变质作用对岩石热导率造成的影响。通过饱水测量获得了原位热导率, 对岩心的原位导热系数进行了修正。最后建立了松辽盆地北部地层热导率柱, 可以为研究区的热流计算、深部地温场建模、盆地热史恢复等提供地层热导率约束。  相似文献   

4.
Measurements of thermal conductivity on 106 disc specimens of rocks from 275 m of the Permian to Triassic section of the Southern Coalfield of the southern Sydney Basin have been carried out in an effort to explain a high rank gradient in the Permian coals. The samples came from six diamond drill holes north and west of Wollongong, although one hole only provided specimens of a syenitic sill (n = 17, mean thermal conductivity = 2.36 W/m°K, s.d. 0.03). When combined with previously published data on chip specimens, with which there is good agreement, from a further four drill holes the mean thermal conductivity for the late Permian and early Triassic sandstones and shales is 3.20 W/m°K.Heat generation by Permian volcanic rocks below the coal measures (from about 1 to 3 μW/m3), and by basement granitic rocks, appears to be consistent with previously reported heat flow for the southern Sydney Basin (about 80 mW/m2). This heat flow is a relatively high value for the east coast of Australia. Younger (Mesozoic and Tertiary) intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks produce local coal-rank anomalies, but do not appear to have any regional effect.The rank of coals above the Permian volcanic rocks appears to be little affected by the presence of the igneous rocks and the coal-rank decreases towards the major area of vulcanicity. Organic matter in sedimentary rocks interbedded with the volcanic rocks is of relatively high rank but it appears that these thermal effects do not extend more than about 100 m above the base of the coal measures. The area of high rank north and northwest of Wollongong seems likely to be a regional effect associated with a combination of high heat generation in basement and the Permian rocks, and high heat flow from the basement. Greater cover on the coal measures, together with an increase in the proportion of rocks of relatively low thermal conductivity in the cover, may also influence the rank in the Permian coal.  相似文献   

5.
随着煤炭开采深度的增大,矿井高温问题日益突出,因此必须对矿区的地温场特征进行研究。基于安徽淮北和淮南煤田煤系所测定的127块岩石样品的热导率数据,结合区内前人的研究成果,全面报道两淮煤田岩石热导率参数及其特征,并分析热导率对现今地温场的影响。结果表明:两淮煤田煤系岩石热导率变化范围为0.37~4.36 W/(m·K),平均值为2.54 W/(m·K);热导率与岩性、埋藏深度、地层时代和密度等密切相关,砂岩的热导率普遍大于泥岩和煤,热导率和深度、密度均表现为正相关关系;岩石导热性的差异对区内地温场的影响较大,导热性差的松散层和煤层往往会造成地温异常,且上覆松散层愈厚其地温愈高。   相似文献   

6.
岩石热导率是地热理论和应用研究中十分重要的参数,对于地热资源评估、大地热流分析、深部热状态及岩石圈热结构等相关研究提供了基础数据支撑。本文从二连盆地白音查干凹陷和乌利亚斯太凹陷采集了98块基本覆盖白垩系各地层的钻井岩芯样品,在实验室条件下对它们进行了岩石热导率测试,并收集了前人对31个样品的测试结果,进而结合孔隙度、钻孔实测温度和深度数据,对实验室条件下的测试数据进行了饱水校正和温压校正。测试样品包括泥岩、砂岩、砾岩、片岩和玄武岩,孔隙度在2%~20%之间,采样深度在117.8~3159.5m范围内,对应的温度和压力范围分别为13.5~118.6℃、2.89~77.41MPa。实测结果表明5种不同岩性岩石样品的热导率变化范围为0.89~4.91W/(m·K)。经过饱水和温压校正后,泥岩、砂岩、砾岩、页岩和玄武岩的平均热导率分别为2.08±0.36W/(m·K)、2.28±0.50W/(m·K)、2.53±0.44W/(m·K)、4.16±0.76W/(m·K)、1.33±0.09W/(m·K)。5种岩性中片岩平均热导率值最大,玄武岩平均热导率值最小,沉积岩介于两者之间,总体上具有随深度增大而增加的趋势。饱水、温度和压力校正后的热导率比干样热导率高。结合研究区内各个地层砂岩和泥岩所占比计算得到白音查干凹陷和乌里雅斯太凹陷白垩系地层热导率分别为2.00W/(m·K)和2.17W/(m·K)。结合钻孔测温数据,计算得到二连盆地大地热流值介于74~85mW/m^2,明显高于中国大陆地区平均热流值61.5mW/m^2。本文的研究成果对二连盆地以及华北北缘的地热资源,深部热状态和岩石圈结构都有意义。  相似文献   

7.
天津地区地层热物性特征及影响因素分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文
为分析天津地区地层热物性参数的地区分布特征和平面分布规律,布置88个勘查孔、现场采集1 076个岩土样、室内分析热导率、比热容、热扩散系数等地层热物性实验,对测试数据进行统计分析。结果表明:天津市岩土体热导率在1.26~1.70 W/(m·K),比热容在2 050~2 090 J/(kg·K),热扩散系数在0.45×10-6~0.74×10-6 m2/s。同一地区不同岩性的比热容,黏土最大、粉砂最小,热导率刚好相反,热扩散系数与比热容规律相同;不同地区同一岩性的热物性参数差别不大。天津市比热容与热导率呈现大致相反的趋势,热导率高值区位于蓟县、宝坻和宁河的东部、武清西部、静海南部以及滨海新区的中部地区;比热容高值区位于蓟县、宝坻和宁河西部、武清东部、静海北部以及滨海新区大部分地区。  相似文献   

8.
The most common wave-generated structures in the nearshore lacustrine sediments of the south-east Shetland basin are cosets of undulatory and unidirectional ripple cross-lamination. The undulatory lamination was produced at relatively high oscillatory flow strengths by accretion of rolling grain (post-vortex) ripples, and the unidirectional cross-sets were formed by the migration of vortex (orbital) ripples at lower strengths. Unidirectional solitary lenses were generated under moderate but discontinuous wave activity on a partly sand-starved substrate. Some lenses were reworked during periods of more prolonged wave activity. The Inman-Komar plot of near-bottom orbital diameter versus ripple spacing (λ= 0.80d0 for small d0, or λ= 0.65d0 as modified by Miller & Komar) may only be used in estimating ancient wave conditions for vortex ripples with low Vertical Form Indices and small wavelengths. This laboratory based relationship (minimum d0 conditions) is utilized in this study since wave periods in lakes are small. The estimation of ancient wave conditions suggests that the ripples were produced in water depths of up to 10 m and in most cases less than 5 m. The formative waves possessed periods of up to 3.4 sec and suggest that the lake was relatively small, perhaps of the order of 20 km wide.  相似文献   

9.
Terrestrial heat flow is an important physical parameter in the study of heat transfer and thermal structure of the earth and it has great significance in the genesis and development and utilization potential of regional geothermal resources. Although several breakthroughs in geothermal exploration have been made in Guizhou Province. The terrestrial heat flow in this area has not been properly measured, restricting the development of geothermal resources in the province. For this reason, the terrestrial heat flow in Guizhou was measured in this study, during which the characteristics of heat flow were determined using borehole thermometry, geothermal monitoring and thermal property testing. Moreover, the influencing factors of the terrestrial heat flow were analyzed. The results show that the thermal conductivity of rocks ranges from 2.0 W/(m·K) to 5.0 W/(m·K), with an average of 3.399 W/(m·K); the heat flow varies from 30.27 mW/m2 to 157.55 mW/m2, with an average of 65.26 ± 20.93 mW/m2, which is slightly higher than that of the average heat flow in entire land area in China. The heat flow in Guizhou generally follows a dumbbell-shaped distribution, with high values present in the east and west and low values occurring in the north and south. The terrestrial heat flow is related to the burial depths of the Moho and Curie surface. The basaltic eruptions in the Emeishan led to a thinner lithosphere, thicker crust and lateral emplacement, which dominated the basic pattern of heat flow distribution in Guizhou. In addition, the dichotomous structure of regional active faults and concealed deep faults jointly control the heat transfer channels and thus influence the terrestrial heat flow.  相似文献   

10.
We present petrographic and geochemical data on representative samples of the Devonian adakite, boninite, low-TiO2 and high-TiO2 basalts and associated rocks in the southern Altay areas, Xinjiang, NW China. These volcanic rocks mostly occur as tectonic blocks within suture zones between the Siberian and Junggar plates. Adakite occurs in the Suoerkuduke area ca. 40 km south of Fuyun, and actually represents a poorly-sorted massive volcaniclastic deposit, mostly consisting of a suite of hornblende andesite to pyroxene andesite. The geochemical features of the adakite suggest its generation by melting of subducted oceanic crust. Boninite occurs in the Saerbulake area ca. 20 km southwest of Fuyun, as pillowed lava or pillowed breccia. It is associated with high-TiO2 basalt/gabbro and low-TiO2 basalt. The boninites are metamorphosed, but contain relict clinopyroxene with Mg# (=100*Mg/(Mg+Fe)) of 90–92, and Cr2O3 contents of 0.5–0.7 wt% and chromian spinel with Cr/(Cr+Al) ratio of 0.84. The bulk rock compositions of the boninites are characterized by low and U-shaped REE with variable La/Yb ratios. They are classified as high-Ca boninite. The Cr-rich cpx phenocryst and Chromian spinel suggests that the boninites were formed by melting of mildly refractory mantle peridotite fluxed by a slab-derived fluid component under normal mantle potential temperature conditions. Basaltic rocks occur as massive flows, pillowed lavas, tuff breccia, lapilli tuff and blocks in tectonic mélanges. Together with gabbros, the basaltic rocks are classified into high-TiO2 (>1.7 wt%) and low-TiO2 (<1.5 wt%) types. They show variable trace element compositions, from MORB-type through transitional back-arc basin basalt to arc tholeiite, or within plate alkalic basalt. A notable feature of the Devonian formations in the southern Altay is the juxtaposition of volcanic rocks of various origins even within a limited area; i.e. the adakite and the boninites are associated with high-TiO2 and low-TiO2 basalts and/or gabbros, respectively. This is most likely produced by complex accretion and tectonic processes during the convergence in the Devonian–Carboniferous paleo-Asian Ocean between the Siberian and Junggar plates.  相似文献   

11.
The Kuznetsk Basin volcanic rocks are close in age (from 252.3 ± 0.6 to 246.2 ± 1.4 Ma) to the traps of the West Siberian Plate and Siberian craton, which formed as a result of the Permo-Triassic plume activity. The geologic and petrographic features evidence that the andesitic basalts exposed in the Karakan and Elbak quarries are effusive rocks; most of them are andesitic basalts, and the rest are trachyandesitic basalts. The mineral composition is as follows: olivine Fo59–66, plagioclase An47–60, and clinopyroxene En47–42Fs25–12Wo42–33; Mg# = 82–63. Using the COMAGMAT 3.5 program, the magma crystallization conditions during the andesitic-basalt formation were determined: 1109–1105 ºC, buffer QFM-NNO. The studied rocks are enriched in LREE ((La/Yb)ch = 4.7–7.5) and are depleted in HREE ((Sm/Yb)ch = 2.0–2.8). A specific geochemical feature of the rocks is strong Nb, Ta, Ti, and Eu negative anomalies ((La/Nb)PM = 4.5–1.6, (La/Ta)PM = 3.2–2.0, Eu/Eu? = 0.7) and a positive U anomaly on their normalized element patterns; ?Nd(T) varies from +2.3 to +3.1. The HREE depletion of the Kuznetsk Basin volcanic rock points to the presence of garnet in the mantle source during their generation. The low Mg# indicates that the parental melts are not of the primary-mantle genesis but are probably the product of differentiation in deep-seated intermediate magma chambers.  相似文献   

12.
First systematic data on the variations of εNd(T) in the Neoproterozoic sedimentary sequence of the Baikal–Patom fold belt (Northern Transbaikalia) are reported. The range of obtained εNd(T) is–19.4…–2.0. It was established that the rocks of the Ballaganach and most part of the Dal’nyaya Taiga groups are characterized by εNd(T) from–19.4 to–16.3. Upsection, beginning from the Khomolkha Formation, the rocks show a sharp change in the initial Nd isotope composition (εNd(T)–8.3…–2.0). The results of Sm-Nd study of metasedimentary rocks of the BPB, as well as the comparison of their Sm-Nd characteristics with those of the inferred source areas suggest that the input of terrigenous material at the early stage of sedimentation in the Baikal–Patom belt was mainly related to the destruction of the Early Proterozoic crust of the Siberian craton. Owing to a change of sedimentation setting from passive continental margin to the “foreland” basin at the late stage, the terrigenous material of the Siberian craton was diluted by clastics from juvenile Neoproterozoic crust of the Baikal–Muya belt.  相似文献   

13.
Contrary to the criticisms of our ideas by Treagus, we still believe that our experiments show that a secondary preferred orientation of micas or of small kink-like folds, closely resembling similar features in some cleaved rocks, can form at large angles to the λ1λ2 plane of strain, where the strain referred to is the strain coeval with development of these features.  相似文献   

14.
《Applied Geochemistry》1999,14(2):237-254
Two major types of groundwater can be readily distinguished in the Variscian crystalline basement of the Black Forest in S–W Germany. Saline thermal water utilized in spas has its origin in 3–4 km deep reservoirs and developed its composition by 3 component mixing of surface freshwater, saltwater (of ultimately marine origin) and a water–rock reaction component. In contrast to the thermal water, CO2-rich mineral water, tapped and bottled from many wells in the Black Forest, has low salinities but a TDS distribution similar to that of thermal water. It developed its chemical composition entirely by reaction of CO2-rich water with the gneissic or granitic aquifer rock matrix. Particularly important is the contribution of various plagioclase dissolution and weathering reactions that may, at some locations, involve precipitation and dissolution of secondary calcite. Sodium/Ca ratios of water and of rock forming plagioclase in the basement rocks suggests that plagioclase weathering is strongly incongruent. Calcium is released to the water, whereas Na remains fixed to the albite feldspar component.The major element composition of 192 water samples used in this study also indicates a clear vertical stratification of the type of water chemistry; Ca–HCO3 near the surface, Na–Ca–HCO3–SO4 at intermediate depth and Na–Ca–Cl at great depth.The mean permeability of Black Forest granite is about K=10−6 m/s; it is significantly lower in gneisses (gneiss: mean K=5×10−8 m/s) leading to focused flow through granite. Highly permeable fracture and fault zones, particularly in granite, are utilized by high-TDS saline deep groundwater as ascent channels and flow paths. Although spatially closely associated, the topography driven upwelling system of saline deep water and the near-surface flow system of CO2-rich mineral waters are hydraulically and chemically unconnected.  相似文献   

15.
Despite the violent eruption of the Siberian Traps at ~ 250 Ma, the Siberian craton has an extremely low heat flow (18–25 mW/m2) and a very thick lithosphere (300–350 km), which makes it an ideal place to study the influence of mantle plumes on the long-term stability of cratons. Compared with seismic velocities of rocks, the lower crust of the Siberian craton is composed mainly of mafic granulites and could be rather heterogeneous in composition. The very high Vp (> 7.2 km/s) in the lowermost crust can be fit by a mixture of garnet granulites, two-pyroxene granulites, and garnet gabbro due to magma underplating. The high-velocity anomaly in the upper mantle (Vp = 8.3-8.6 km/s) can be interpreted by a mixture of eclogites and garnet peridotites. Combined with the study of lower crustal and mantle xenoliths, we recognized multistage magma underplating at the crust-mantle boundary beneath the Siberian craton, including the Neoarchean growth and Paleoproterozoic assembly of the Siberian craton beneath the Markha terrane, the Proterozoic collision along the Sayan-Taimyr suture zone, and the Triassic Siberian Trap event beneath the central Tunguska basin. The Moho becomes a metamorphism boundary of mafic rocks between granulite facies and eclogite facies rather than a chemical boundary that separates the mafic lower crust from the ultramafic upper mantle. Therefore, multistage magma underplating since the Neoarchean will result in a seismic Moho shallower than the petrologic Moho. Such magmatism-induced compositional change and dehydration will increase viscosity of the lithospheric mantle, and finally trigger lithospheric thickening after mantle plume activity. Hence, mantle plumes are not the key factor for craton destruction.  相似文献   

16.
An absolute-age determination of the tuffs, volcanic bombs, re-explosive fragments, lava flows, and extrusive rocks of the Korvunchana series of the central part of the Siberian Platform indicates that most of the volcanics appear to be older (P1-P2) than that assumed up to now (T1). Among the determinations, Late Permian dates predominate. Two determinations gave figures of 190 and 172 m.y., and one of 241 m.y. The age of the re-explosive fragments has apparently been underestimated (200-188 m.y.). The data indicate the presence of a lengthy break in the effusive-explosive volcanism during the course of a substantial portion of Triassic time.—Author.  相似文献   

17.
The thermal conductivities of several well-defined carbonate rocks were determined near 40°C. Values range from 1.2 W m?1C?1 for a highly porous chalk to 5.1 W m?1C?1 for a dolomite. The thermal conductivity of magnesite (5.0) is at the high end of the range, and that for Iceland Spar Calcite (3.2) is near the middle. The values for limestones decrease linearly with increasing porosity. Dolomites of comparable porosity have greater thermal conductivities than limestones.Water-sorbed samples have expected greater thermal conductivities than air-saturated (dry) samples of the same rock. An anomalously large increase in the thermal conductivity of a water-sorbed clayey dolomite over that of the same sample when dry is attributed to the clay fraction, which swells during water inhibition, causing more solid-to-solid contacts within the dolomite framework.Measurements were made with a Colora Thermoconductometer. Chemical and mineralogical analyses were made and tabulated. Porosity of the rocks was determined by mercury porosimetry and also from density measurements. The Iceland Spar Calcite and magnesite were included for reference.  相似文献   

18.
During the Mesozoic and Paleogene, the Precambrian rocks in the Pilbara, Western Australia, underwent erosion and deep weathering that produced an undulating landform now represented by the duricrusted and partly eroded Hamersley Surface. A reddened, ferruginous weathering zone occurs immediately beneath this duricrusted surface. Oriented block samples of ferruginised strata of the Neoarchean–early Paleoproterozoic Hamersley Group exposed within approximately 15 m below the duricrust were collected at 20 sites in roadcuts along the Great Northern Highway between Munjina and Newman and exposures along the adjoining Karijini Drive. Stepwise thermal demagnetisation of cored specimens revealed a stable, high-temperature (680°C) component carried by hematite, with a mean direction (n = 55 specimens) of declination D = 182.0°, inclination I = 52.9° (α95 = 3.6°), indicating a pole position at latitude λp = 77.6°S, longitude ?p = 113.2°E (A95 = 4.3°) and a paleolatitude λ = 33.5 +3.6/–3.3°S. Both normal and reversed polarities are present, indicating that the remanent magnetism was acquired over an interval of at least two polarity chrons (say 105–106 years). Chi-square tests on the determined pole position and three different sets of Cenozoic poles, namely those for dated volcanic rocks in eastern Australia supplemented by poles for Australian Cenozoic weathering horizons, and inferred poles from Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean hotspot analyses and North American Cenozoic poles rotated to Australian coordinates, yielded a mean age of ca 24 ± 3 Ma, i.e. late Oligocene to early Miocene, interpreted as the time of formation of hematite in the sampled ferruginous zone. The ferruginous weathering occurred under globally warm conditions and was followed during the early to middle Miocene climatic optimum by the deposition of channel iron deposits, which incorporated detrital hematitic material derived from erosion of the ferruginous weathering zone beneath the Hamersley Surface.  相似文献   

19.
Thermal properties of ground heat exchanger (GHE) such as effective thermal conductivity and borehole thermal resistance are commonly measured in the field by thermal response tests (TRTs). TRT has been proved to be a consolidated method to determine thermal properties of traditional borehole heat exchangers (BHEs). However, there is still lack of data for adopting TRT on energy piles with often a large diameter and deficiency in validation of TRT results with geological materials. In this study, ground thermal properties for typical configured GHEs of energy piles are investigated. Three TRTs are conducted and the obtained results are analyzed. Effective thermal conductivity, λeff, of the ground derived by following the traditional linear source model shows large deviation as compared to the thermal conductivity of the geological materials. In order to determine λeff properly, the linear source model is modified and an equivalent radius, req, of energy piles is considered. The λeff estimated by the modified model shows a good agreement with thermal conductivity of the in situ geological materials. In addition, there has been no obvious correlation between borehole thermal resistances and thermal efficiency due to heat transport of energy piles that depends not only by borehole thermal resistance but also by the pile’s diameter and ground conditions. The findings drawn from this study indicate that the modified model is reasonable and useful in determining thermal properties of energy piles.  相似文献   

20.
Fourty-four isotopic ages have been determined by K-Ar and U-Th-Pb methods for Late Palaeozoic granitic rocks in the Nanling Region, South China. All dating values vary within the range of 231–348 m.y. From the obtained dates, further evidence has been found that there do exist Late Palaeozoic granitic rocks, which can be subdivided into Late Devonian and Permian granitic rocks. Within a Late Devonian terrain, there is a granitic pluton, namely granodiorite with a zircon U-Th-Pb age of 348 m.y., while ten granitic plutons have been recognized within a Permian terrain where granites are predominant, yielding biotite K-Ar ages of 236–289 m.y. (λ β =4.72×10?10yr.?1,λ K=5.57×10?11yr.?1) and zircon U-Th-Pb ages ranging from 231 to 280 m.y., respectively. It is obvious from the dates that intrusive activity of granitic magma extensively took place in the Nanling Region during Late Palaeozoic, although no records of orogenie movements have been found, indicating that the faults are the main factor controlling the activity of granitic magma, whereas the orogenic movements are not the only prerequisite for the formation of granitic magma and the intrusive activity.  相似文献   

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