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1.
M. A. Tarakanov 《Geography and Natural Resources》2018,39(2):168-174
The problem of freeing the country’s economy from commodity dependence is discussed. The potential for increasing the depth of processing of extracted raw materials and semi-products manufactured by enterprises of Irkutsk oblast is considered. Irkutsk oblast is one of the largest industrial constituent entities of the Russian Federation with a highly specific structure of industries. It combines an advanced extractive industry (production of oil, gold, iron ore, coal, salt and gypsum as well as logging) with multisectoral mechanical engineering (aircraft industry, manufacture of various machinery and equipment, electrical products, switching products and instruments). It also includes the advanced electric-power (absolutely dominated by the hydroelectric power component), aluminum and nuclear industries, and the chemical and forestry complex. The proportion of their products in the country’s economy is quite large. Most of these products are exported in the form of semi-products for a further processing to other regions of the country or to other countries. The range of interests of various entities is identified, which can influence the solution to the problem under consideration. Such entities can include society (the country’s population), the territory represented by its population, a corporation, a company, an industrial enterprise, and separate entrepreneurs. It is shown that it is impossible and inappropriate to fully process all semi-products and raw materials produced by the regional industry to obtain products for final consumption, due to economic, transportation and other reasons. However, a processing of them within economically justified limits is highly desirable in order for Irkutsk oblast to gain additional benefits in the form of tax revenues to the budget, job creation and an increase in charitable donations. A rationally is given to the need to do research in order to determine the scope of manufacture of products for final consumption in Irkutsk oblast. 相似文献
2.
出口增加值对中国区域产业结构高度化的影响 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
利用2010年中国非竞争型多区域投入产出表,测算了30个省区市30个产业的出口增加值,揭示分产业出口增加值的区域分布格局;并通过构建和计算产业结构高度化指数,对比出口增加值与地区生产总值的产业结构差异,结合阐述出口增加值带动区域产业结构高度化发展的一般规律。结果显示：出口增加值的规模与结构高度化程度在空间上都存在东中西梯度差异;出口增加值产业结构高度化水平越高,即区域参与国际分工的程度越深,分工越高级,对区域产业结构高度化水平的带动作用就越显著。因此,区域间出口增加值的结构差异,是拉大区域间产业结构差异的因素之一,导致了区域产业结构的“马太效应”。根据研究结论,建议各区域通过创新驱动、产业技术溢出、延长产业链等方式优化产业结构和出口增加值结构,从而进一步推动区域经济转型升级。 相似文献
3.
Influencing mechanism of energy-related carbon emissions in Xinjiang based on the input-output and structural decomposition analysis 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Analysis of carbon emission mechanism based on regional perspectives is an important research method capable of achieving energy savings and emission reductions. Xinjiang, an important Chinese energy production base, is currently going through a period of strategic opportunities for rapid development. Ensuring stable socio-economic development while achieving energy savings and meeting emission reductions targets, is the key issue currently facing the region. This paper is based on the input-output theory, and conducts a structural decomposition analysis on the factors affecting energy-related carbon emissions in Xinjiang from 1997 to 2007; this analysis employs a hybrid input-output analysis framework of “energy - economy - carbon emissions”. (1) Xinjiang’s carbon emissions from energy consumption increased from 20.70 million tons in 1997 to 40.34 million tons in 2007; carbon emissions growth was mainly concentrated in the production and processing of energy resources, the mining of mineral resources, and the processing industry. (2) The analysis of the direct effects of the influencing factors on carbon emissions showed that the change in per capita GDP, the final demand structure, the population scale, and the production structure were the important factors causing an increase in carbon emissions, while the decrease in carbon emission intensity during this period was the important influencing factor in stopping the growth of carbon emissions. This showed that while the sizes of Xinjiang’s economy and population were growing, the economic structure had not been effectively optimized and the production technology had not been efficiently improved, resulting in a rapid growth of carbon emissions from energy consumption. (3) The analysis of the indirect effects of the influencing factors of carbon emission showed that the inter-provincial export, fixed capital formation, and the consumption by urban residents had significant influence on the changes in carbon emissions from energy consumption in Xinjiang. (4) The growth of investments in fixed assets of carbon intensive industry sectors, in addition to the growth of inter-provincial exports of energy resource products, makes the transfer effect of inter-provincial “embodied carbon” very significant. 相似文献
4.
长江流域是中国相对完整的经济区,依托长江的煤炭运输一直是支撑流域社会经济发展的重要力量,分析长江流域港口的煤炭运输职能对揭示长江港口在流域经济发展中的作用有重要意义。基于此,本文刻画了20世纪80年代以来长江流域港口的煤炭运输格局与演化过程,重点分析煤炭进出港空间格局演变,归纳主要特征,测度空间集散水平并总结演变规律。借助区位商和进出港系数,分析了长江流域煤炭运输职能空间分异的演变过程,并探讨了不同运输职能之间的空间关系。基于不同阶段下港口煤炭运输的空间特征,本文凝练了长江流域港口煤炭运输的空间模式,全面总结了煤炭运输格局演变的驱动因素。以此,为长江流域港口的建设与功能优化提供参考。 相似文献
5.
James C. Hower John K. Hiett Garry D. Wild Cortland F. Eble 《Natural Resources Research》1994,3(3):216-236
The Eastern Kentucky coal field, along with adjacent portions of Virginia and southern West Virginia, is part of the greatest production concentration of high-heating-value, low-sulfur coal in the United States, accounting for over 27% of the 1993 U.S. production of coal of all ranks. Eastern Kentucky's production is spread among many coal beds but is particularly concentrated in a limited number of highquality coals, notably the Pond Creek coal bed and its correlatives, and the Fire Clay coal bed and its correlatives. Both coals are relatively low ash and low sulfur through the areas of the heaviest concentration of mining activity. We discuss production trends, resources, and the quality of in-place and clean coal for those and other major coals in the region. 相似文献
6.
煤炭资源型城市产业结构锁定的形成、演化及机理研究——以淮北市为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
运用偏离-份额分析法跟踪研究了淮北市工业结构演替过程,结果表明：淮北市产业结构锁定效应显著。在中兴期及以前时期,工业结构长期锁定在煤炭采掘、电力、纺织与服装加工、农副食品加工4个主要行业;进入衰退转型期后,以精细化工、建材加工、机械制造、金属冶炼与加工等为代表的接续替代行业兴起,工业结构逐步解锁。通过对淮北市工业结构相似性系数、工业行业集中系数、产出锁定系数、就业锁定系数演化的分析,认为煤炭资源型城市产业结构锁定形成与演化会经历产业导入期、弱锁定期、中度锁定期、强锁定期、解锁期5个阶段,且各阶段的产业结构特征相异。最后,从资源因素、社会因素、技术因素、市场因素、产业政策因素以及观念因素6个方面分析了煤炭资源型城市产业结构锁定形成和演化的机理。 相似文献
7.
基于系统动力学的资源枯竭型矿业城市产业转型仿真分析——以吉林省辽源市为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
伴随着矿产资源的逐步枯竭,资源枯竭型矿业城市的经济发展面临着诸多困境,产业转型已经迫在眉睫。吉林省辽源市的产业转型取得了良好的效果,被誉为"辽源样本"。基于系统动力学研究方法,通过对系统结构的深入分析,构建辽源市经济系统的SD模型,将CD生产函数嵌入到模型当中,根据辽源市2005-2010年数据进行趋势外推仿真,得到2005-2030年经济系统的若干仿真曲线。结果表明:在2027年辽源市煤炭资源完全枯竭,煤炭产业产值降低为0,但这对其整体经济的扰动很小,辽源市GDP、第二产业产值、接续产业产值、第一产业产值、第三产业产值、其它工业产业产值均呈现快速上升的态势,并且包括人均GDP在内的人均指标亦都将呈现上升的趋势,辽源经济将呈现整体繁荣的局面。 相似文献
8.
基于能值的内蒙古可持续发展评价(英文) 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
An integrated environmental accounting of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(IMAR) is presented in this paper based on emergy analysis with data from 1987 to 2007.Through calculating environmental and economic inputs and a series of emergy indicators,this paper discusses IMAR’s resource use structure,economic situation,and trade status.The results show that more than 85% of the emergy used in IMAR was derived from home sources,indicating a strong capacity for self-sufficiency.Concentrated-used local non-renewable emergy,which provides IMAR economy with most of the driving forces,took the largest share in total emergy use after 2004 and reached 58% in 2007.The Western China Development Plan of 2000 ushered in a rapid growth of coal and electricity production and exportation to other regions of China from IMAR.The export/import emergy ratio of IMAR reached 3.46 in 2007,with the coal exported(3.44 10 23 sej in 2007) without being used by IMAR itself,accounting for almost 100% of the difference between the imports and exports.The results also show that from 1987 to 1998,EmSI values remained higher than 10,suggesting underdevelopment in IMAR;after 1998,EmSI values decreased sharply from 19.07 in 1998 to 1.88 in 2007,indicating that IMAR is characterized by medium-run sustainability and is relying more on non-renewable resources and imports. 相似文献
9.
抚顺主导产业演替与城市经济发展及对其它煤炭城市的启示 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
一个城市经济的发展是由主导产业有序更替从而推动产业结构不断演进来实现的。由于煤炭产业存在着明显的生命周期现象,所以以煤炭产业为主导地位的煤炭城市适时培育、发展新的非煤主导产业显得尤为重要。抚顺市的煤炭产业经历了生命周期的全部过程。曾经作为城市主导产业推动城市发展和产业结构演进,并最终将其在抚顺经济中的主导地位逐步让位给石油工业,从而保证了抚顺城市经济的持续快速发展。这对中国其他煤炭城市具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
10.
L. A. Bezrukov 《Geography and Natural Resources》2014,35(3):199-207
Three main kinds of economic-geographical position (EGP) of Siberia: global, international transit and neighboring, and interstate, are considered. A quantitative assessment is made of the macroregion’s global position relative to world markets. The study ascertained the role played by the EGP in the formation of economic-settlement patterns of Siberia. The possible avenues for more intense use of this position are suggested. 相似文献
11.
Coal is a basic resource and its use guarantees the development of national economies and human society. Thus, coal transportation is an important part of China’s overall transportation system. In this system, ports are the vital transit nodes. This study considered coastal ports in China and analysed the evolution of coal transportation from 1973 to 2013. We focused on the spatial pattern of coal loading and unloading, and summarized the main characteristics and development of the processes. Then, we examined the volumes of coal transported and regional changes in these amounts using mathematical models and indicators. Finally, we analysed the specialized function and spatial differentiation of the ports involved in coal transportation to reveal their spatial relationship and temporal evolution. We found that the spatial pattern of coal transportation changed from “south input and north output” to “all input and north output”. However, the prominent ports used for coal unloading are still concentrated in areas south of the Yangtze River. Coal loading is concentrated on the west bank of Bohai Bay. In addition, some ports around Bohai Bay, such as Dandong, Dalian, Yantai, and Qingdao, changed from traditional coal loading ports to unloading ports. This study further developed the theory of transport geography, and improved our understanding of China’s coal transportation system. 相似文献
12.
工业区是越南经济增长的主要阵地,也是中越共建“一带一路”和深度实施产能合作的关键载体。通过收集和整理越南工业区基础数据,采用GIS、SPSS分析技术,运用核密度分析、探索性空间数据分析、相关性分析等分析方法,分析了越南工业区空间分布特征以及产业集聚特征,并探究其形成机制。结果表明：1）越南工业区呈现出显著的空间极化,两翼集聚,中间凹陷的分布格局。2）越南工业区空间分布呈现区域交通导向和社会经济发展导向,历史缘由、自然地形、宏观指引、区域交通设施、社会经济条件是影响越南工业区空间分布的主要原因。3）越南工业区产业呈现南翼以轻工业为主导,北翼以加工型重工业为主导,中部以采掘型、原料加工型重工业为主导的分布特征。4）越南工业化起步晚、水平低,是形成以劳动密集型产业为主导的主要原因;南北分治、政府宏观引导,是造成南翼、北翼、中部产业格局差异的主要原因。 相似文献
13.
中国煤炭资源供应格局演变及流动路径分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1949—2008年的相关统计数据,分析中国煤炭资源供应格局和流动路径,结果表明:(1)国家政策变动对中国煤炭资源消费规模影响深刻,每一次政策变化都会造成能源消费规模的波动,近年来强烈的能源需求使得我国煤炭供应不得不面临进口的现实;(2)受能源需求和资源禀赋的双重压力,大规模、跨区域、长距离的煤炭运输成为我国能源运输体系的重要特征;(3)尽管煤炭运输方式在向铁路、水路和公路组合并用的多元化发展,但仍然不能满足旺盛的能源需求,煤炭运输瓶颈始终存在,变输煤为输电是缓解当前煤炭运输困难的一个途径。 相似文献
14.
India’s coal demand is forecast to increase at a rapid pace in the future due to the country’s economic and population growth. Analyzing the scope for future production of India’s domestic coal resources, therefore, plays a vital role in the country’s development of sound energy policies. This paper presents a quantitative scenario analysis of India’s potential future coal production by using a negatively skewed curve-fitting model and a range of estimates of the country’s ultimately recoverable resources (URR) of coal. The results show that the resource base is sufficient for India’s coal production to keep increasing over the next few decades, to reach between 2400 and 3200 Mt/y at 2050, depending on the assumed value of URR. A further analysis shows that the high end of this range, which corresponds to our ‘GSI’ scenario, can be considered as the probable upper-bound to India’s domestic coal production. Comparison of production based on the ‘GSI’ scenario with India’s predicted demand shows that the domestic production of coal will be insufficient to meet the country’s rising coal demand, with the gap between demand and production increasing from its current value of about 268 Mt/y to reach 300 Mt/y in 2035, and 700 Mt/y by 2050. This increasing gap will be challenging for the energy security of India. 相似文献
15.
N. N. Klyuev 《Geography and Natural Resources》2018,39(1):1-9
The inventory of implemented investment projects was used as the basis for compiling a smallscale map to display the main features of industrial and transport development of the territory of post-Soviet Russia. An exceptional territorial differentiation of industrial construction is revealed, which implies primarily its overconcentration in Moscow oblast as well as in the north-west (St. Petersburg and Leningrad oblast). The northern and eastern regions of the country are characterized by focal industrial development and the dominance of mining enterprises. In Asian Russia, large-scale industrial construction is allocated to Kuzbass, and Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs, but the “density” of development is small. In many areas, new enterprises are similar in their specialization to the economic profile of a given area. Signs of territorial-production integration of enterprises in the specific conditions of the Russian market are identified. The new economic conditions saw the emergence of new sectors and production facilities: development of oil and gas resources on the shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Caspian, Baltic, Pechora and Black Seas; gas liquefaction plants, and automobile assembly enterprises. Only a quarter of the new industrial enterprises are located in regional capitals. The dispersion of industries within separate regions is determined by the high proportion of extractive enterprises, the formation of special economic zones outside the regional centers, and by the low cost of land and labor in small towns and villages. The new “village” industry has a broad spectrum of specialization and is not limited to processing agricultural raw materials. Analysis of the structure of the new industrial construction did not reveal any signs of its ecologization. Two thirds of the new facilities refer to basic, environmentally “aggressive” sectors. Most of the newly built transport infrastructure facilities are specialized in satisfying the export requirements of the country’s economy, rather than in enhancing connectivity of its territory. Intensive construction of ports and pipelines leads to the concentration of anthropogenic pressure on the water areas and the coasts, in particular the Baltic, Black and Azov Seas. The resulting map reveals new foci and areas of change in the natural environment and its large-scale transformation. 相似文献
16.
Zhang Yihuai Lebedev Maxim Smith Gregory Jing Yu Busch Andreas Iglauer Stefan 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(3):1787-1800
Characterization of coal micro-structure and the associated rock mechanical properties are of key importance for coal seam exploration, coal bed methane development, enhanced coal bed methane production and CO2 storage in deep coal seams. Considerable knowledge exists about coal chemical properties, but less is known about the nanoscale to the micro-scale structure of coals and how they change with coal strength across coal ranks. Thus, in this study, 3D X-ray micro-computed tomography (with a voxel size of 3.43 µm) and nano-indentation tests were conducted on coal samples of different ranks from peat to anthracite. The micro-structure of peats showed a well-developed pore system with meso- and micro-pores. The meso-pores essentially disappear with increasing rank, whereas the micro-pores persist and then increase past the bituminous rank. The micro-fracture system develops past the peat stage and by sub-bituminous ranks and changes into larger and mature fracture systems at higher ranks. The nano-indentation modulus showed the increasing trend from low- to high-rank coal with a perfect linear relationship with vitrinite reflectance and is highly correlated with carbon content as expected.
相似文献17.
This paper reviews the process of transportation construction in China and investigates the developmental and spatial characteristics of transportation patterns. The principles of transportation evolution including stages, structures and orders are systematically analyzed. The investigation shows that China’s transportation construction mode has upgraded from investment-driven scale expansion to uality improvement driven by efficiency and promotion. The rapid growth and development of transportation networks has significantly influenced economic and social activities in time and space. The resulting spatial convergence and dominance have improved distribution, promoting development of the socioeconomic structure. Regional development that has traditionally been based on corridors has changed into a networked mode centered on cities and metropolitan areas. The transportation pattern follows evolutionary principles. China has been moving from a hierarchical structure to a cascade structure. Simultaneously, the socioeconomic pattern has changed from an axis to a hub-and-spoke structure with a preliminary ordered network. As transportation networks grow, China’s functional spatial structure and ordered network will gradually become stabilized and balanced.
相似文献18.
社会空间视角下成熟型煤炭资源城市地域功能结构研究——以安徽省淮南市为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在生态文明建设与服务经济转型的背景下,作为中国工业化阶段能源基地的资源型城市,正面临着经济、社会与生态环境多位一体的全面转型。选取成熟型煤炭资源城市淮南为案例,基于社会空间视角划分城市地域功能结构,构建社会-经济-空间多维因素的互动框架推进资源型城市的科学转型。研究发现：淮南市社会空间包括6个主因子,各主因子的空间集聚和街区分布均具有显著的异质性。基于不同街区的功能属性划分出5个空间功能组团,包括：政府机关、企事业单位组团;居住、商业、生活服务组团; 煤炭开采与加工工业组团; 非矿点区域、乡村区域组团;经济新增长点培育、转型发展组团。城市地域功能结构特征表现为：① “城”、“矿”功能的隔离与排斥,② 连绵型低收入农业空间的嵌入,③ 城市服务功能空间的紧缩,④ 煤炭开采与初加工的空间共位,⑤城市转型尚未形成规模与联动效应。在此基础上,进一步剖析了地域结构的形成原因及优化路径。 相似文献
19.
基于发生学视角的淮南城市空间生长过程、特征及影响因素研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以淮南市为案例,结合历次城市规划用地现状资料和产业发展数据,利用GIS技术平台,对不同考察时点淮南城市空间形态进行叠加对比研究、测算不同时期城市空间扩展形态紧凑度、扩展速度和扩展强度指数,从时间维度和空间维度2个方面考察了淮南城市空间形态的演变过程及特征。结果表明：作为无依托型煤炭城市,淮南城市空间发展经历了散点发展、节点集聚扩展、飞地拓展、轴向延伸、内向填充、整合优化、区位再造7个阶段,表现出显著的空间取向和圈层结构特征;在空间扩展过程中,深受资源分布的控制和煤炭产业的影响,城市空间围绕煤炭企业为中心生长扩展,导致城市空间从紧凑形态向分散发展,经多次嵌套填充、优化调整,再次向紧凑形态演化。分析认为,淮南在不同演化阶段,影响城市空间生长的主导因素有所差异：资源状况和通勤条件主导发生期城市空间形态、成长期受国家能源战略和交通运输的引导、中兴期则以产业结构演替为主导因素、转型期深受空间经济相互作用引导和规划调控的影响。 相似文献
20.
金融危机前后基于垂直专业化的中国出口价值份额分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2008年全球金融危机使中国出口增速放缓,也给中国提升出口贸易的质量效益带来了机会。利用2007年和2010年中国30省区市区域间投入产出表计算了中国和省域以及国外在中国出口中分享的单位出口价值份额。研究结果发现,金融危机后在中国单位出口中,全国分享的经济收益整体有所提升,进一步从省域格局来看,分享中国单位出口经济收益较高的省域主要分布在东部沿海地区,而从出口部门来看,全国带有技术含量的制造业分享的经济收益在2007~2010年增长最多,而依赖资源和劳动力投入的低端产品制造分享的经济收益下降最多,沿海出口大省仍然是分享制造业出口价值份额最主要的地区,地理区位依旧是出口贸易最有利的条件之一。尽快淘汰落后产能,推动产业升级转型,加大科技含量,才能促使“中国制造”尽快完成向“中国智造”转变。 相似文献