共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 128 毫秒
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东北黑土区沟蚀严重且分布面积广,目前对其进行监测大多基于目视解译,自动化程度低,急需一种快速提取方法。本文选取沟蚀严重的黑龙江省宾县马蛇子河流域,基于高分七号影像,以目视解译结果为参照,比较流向边缘检测、机器学习、深度学习3种方法自动提取侵蚀沟的精度。结果表明：(1)流向边缘检测方法依赖高精度地形数据,高分七号立体像对生成的地形数据垂直精度低,侵蚀沟整体提取精度仅为6.7%,无法用于切沟和浅沟的自动提取;(2)机器学习方法需要人为设置分割参数并设计分类特征,自动化程度较低,侵蚀沟整体提取精度可达50.7%,对切沟识别精度可达83.1%,但对浅沟识别精度仅为9.2%;(3)深度学习方法采用端对端的模式,无须人为设计特征提取器,自动化程度高,整体提取精度可达60.8%,对切沟识别精度可达68.1%,对浅沟识别精度可达69.7%。 相似文献
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滑坡单点式位移监测难以反映滑坡的整体位移状态,采用多尺度模型到模型的点云比对算法（M3C2）可实现对滑坡的面域监测。本文首先通过对无人机采集的影像进行运动恢复结构（SfM）分析,还原滑坡三维点云模型;然后利用点云比对算法对两期点云数据进行处理,以色值大小体现滑坡区域的位移,进而识别滑坡表面位移变化;最后将该方法运用于实际边坡的表面位移监测。试验结果表明,应用M3C2算法可成功识别边坡变动区域,捕捉到1 cm的水平或垂直位移变化,能直观反映滑坡面域的变形状况。该方法适用于复杂地形条件下的滑坡位移整体监测,识别精度达到厘米级,性能优于两云直接比对算法（C2C）。 相似文献
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针对地面激光扫描点云中的粗差与不均匀采样对法向量计算的影响,基于最小广义方差估计与局部平面拟合原理提出了一种抗差法向量求解方法。首先通过快速近似最近邻居搜索算法得到最近k邻居点集,然后由确定型最小广义方差估计方法和多元马氏距离得到邻居点集协方差矩阵的抗差估计,最后根据主成分分析法（principal component analysis,PCA）计算得到抗差法向量。通过构造的模拟地面激光扫描（terrestrial laser scanning,TLS）点云数据将提出的方法分别与基于PCA、鲁棒PCA和随机抽样一致的法向量求解方法进行实验比较。结果表明,所提方法的抗差性能优异,且并行优化改进后可以满足大规模TLS点云的计算需求。将该方法应用于实际野外地形TLS点云数据,由求解的抗差法向量重建的泊松表面更符合实际地形,表明了该方法在实际应用中的有效性。 相似文献
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针对矿化蚀变信息常常受其他地物信息的干扰与影像空间分辨率的制约而表现得非常微弱的问题,该文以Landsat7号ETM+30m空间分辨率的影像为数据基础,重采样得到一系列不同空间分辨率的影像;运用ETM+波段3/波段1比值法获得铁染蚀变相对含量灰度图,采用分形模型计算出不同分辨率下蚀变矿物的分维值,进而获得分辨率—分维值的一元线性回归方程;最后建立了基于分形理论的蚀变矿物多尺度分析模型,得到蚀变矿物空间分布特征变化的参考尺度。结果表明,在一定尺度范围内(30~280m),蚀变矿物显示出空间尺度特征。 相似文献
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基于可变半径圆环和B样条拟合的机载LiDAR点云滤波 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
提出了一种LiDAR点云滤波方法,首先沿同一方向等间距逐行扫描点云,获取点序列构成的扫描线,针对每条扫描线,采取半径可变的圆环从面向地心一侧滚过,保留扫描线上被圆周滚过的点,从而滤除每条扫描线上的地物点;然后对滤波后每条扫描线上的地表点云数据等间隔采样,在此基础上采用均匀B样条曲面拟合地形表面,遍历每一个点,在拟合的B样条曲面上投影,根据投影点高程与实际高程的差判断其属性,保留地面点并滤除地物点。试验结果表明,与传统方法相比,本文方法的滤波精度提高1~5倍,可用于城市、山区和林地等各种地形,通用性好,其算法时间复杂度为O(n)。 相似文献
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近年来,地面三维激光扫描技术(TLS)被广泛应用于变形监测领域,但目前获取变形量的方法仍存在不足。据此,利用TLS观测数据处理中的迭代就近点法(ICP),对选取兴趣区域首期观测点云数据与复测点云数据进行匹配运算,将匹配后获得的平移矩阵T和旋转矩阵R作为变形体局部整体的变形指标,获取三维变形量。此变形量获取方法不仅充分利用了TLS点云数据的高空间分辨率,提高了单点精度,同时作为三维变形量,克服了常用方法的不足。 相似文献
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一种顾及地形复杂度的LiDAR点云多尺度滤波方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对复杂地形区域的机载LiDAR数据滤波方法中自适应阈值设置问题,根据地形多尺度效应,提出一种自适应阈值的机载LiDAR点云多尺度滤波方法。该方法采用影像金字塔策略按分辨率从高至低逐级构建LiDAR点云分层格网,滤波过程则从最大尺度格网(顶层格网,最低分辨率)开始,采用局部统计分析的方法自适应地确定高差阈值,同时结合薄板样条内插出下层各格网控制点的高程值,直至最底层格网完成原始激光点云滤波。通过我国某山区城市复杂地形的LiDAR数据实验表明顾及地形复杂度的LiDAR点云多尺度滤波方法能够快速有效地提取高精度DEM,能够满足实际生产需求。 相似文献
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针对传统离散点监测模式不适用于TLS变形监测,以及现有基于TLS技术变形监测的一维性与仅适用于特定几何对象分析等不足,本文提出了一种基于TLS技术的伪单点变形监测模式,并基于该监测模式提出了一种以表面匹配技术为核心的变形计算新方法。通过构建广义高斯-马尔可夫模型匹配搜索估计伪单点对象的全三维变形参数,利用TLS多期点云的高密度性,实现了高精度提取全三维变形信息,尤其适用于滑坡等灾害监测领域。试验表明在扫描距离约240 m时,该方法可达到1 cm级的变形提取精度,对推动变形监测从点测绘向形测绘的转变具有一定的价值。 相似文献
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针对复杂地形环境滤波的需求,提出一种具有较强抗差稳定性的多分辨率层次分类滤波算法。该方法首先对原始点云数据进行格网化,主要通过设置格网分辨率值将数据分为3个层次,在每一层通过改进的局部最小值法选取初始地面种子点;然后利用薄板样条函数迭代内插生成栅格曲面,根据定义的残差阈值判定方法,完成点云的分类;分离出的地面点作为下一次迭代的种子点用于构建栅格曲面。利用ISPRS提供的15个训练数据对该方法进行实验,将实验结果与8种经典滤波算法进行对比分析,证明该方法在适应不同地形环境方面具有较强的稳健性。 相似文献
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顾及非线性地形因子的地表面积计算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究地表面积统计数学模型及其影响因素,消除不同分辨率DEM计算所得地表面积的差异,对综合利用多尺度DEM数据精确统计和监测地表面积具有重要意义。本文研究提出了一种顾及复杂地形因子的地表面积统计方法。该方法首先利用泰勒级数逼近原理对微观地形因子进行最小二乘估计,然后利用这些地形因子对DEM和多边形区域边界进行加密,最后利用加密后的DEM和多边形边界构建地表三角网统计地表面积。试验表明,在局部地形因子显著的山区或丘陵地区,使用不同分辨率DEM所统计的地表面积存在较大的差异,而顾及地形因子的地表面积统计方法可明显提高低分辨率DEM地表面积统计精度。 相似文献
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将采用地面三维激光扫描(terrestrial laser scanning, TLS)、地基合成孔径雷达干涉测量(ground-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar, GB-InSAR)和无人机航空摄影测量（unmanned aerial vehicle photography, UAV）的综合遥感方案应用于崩塌体应急监测。引入迭代最近点法（iterative closest point, ICP）,首先实现TLS点云和UAV影像离散点云配准;然后,利用几何映射方法实现GB-InSAR二维形变图与TLS点云三维匹配;针对崩塌体应急缺少人工目标辅助校正几何映射偏差的问题,综合目视解译以及峰值相关性分析提取各数据间的同名特征点,根据同名特征点计算空间坐标变换参数,建立变换方程来完成误匹配纠正。利用所提的匹配方法处理模拟数据及某滑坡崩塌残余体实际监测数据,结果表明实测匹配精度达像素级,满足应急监测需求。 相似文献
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Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) can record a large amount of accurate topographical information with a high spatial accuracy over a relatively short period of time. These features suggest it is a useful tool for topographical survey and surface deformation detection. However, the use of TLS to survey a terrain surface is still challenging in the presence of dense ground vegetation. The bare ground surface may not be illuminated due to signal occlusion caused by vegetation. This paper investigates vegetation-induced elevation error in TLS surveys at a local scale and its spatial pattern. An open, relatively flat area vegetated with dense grass was surveyed repeatedly under several scan conditions. A total station was used to establish an accurate representation of the bare ground surface. Local-highest-point and local-lowest-point filters were applied to the point clouds acquired for deriving vegetation height and vegetation-induced elevation error, respectively. The effects of various factors (for example, vegetation height, edge effects, incidence angle, scan resolution and location) on the error caused by vegetation are discussed. The results are of use in the planning and interpretation of TLS surveys of vegetated areas. 相似文献
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用地基激光雷达提取单木结构参数——以白皮松为例 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以白皮松(Pinus bungeana Zucc)为研究对象,针对地基激光雷达TLS扫描的3维点云数据在单株木垂直方向的分布特征,提出了一种基于体元化方法的树干覆盖度变化检测方法,获取单木枝下高;然后根据获取的枝下高引入2维凸包算法获取垂直方向分层树冠轮廓,并计算树冠体积和冠幅;同时获取的单木参数还有胸径与树高。结果表明:单木枝下高的估测精度较高,R2与RMSE分别为0.97 m和0.21 m;胸径估测结果的R2与RMSE分别为0.79 cm和1.07 cm;采用逐步线性回归方法建立单木树冠体积与其他单木参数的相关关系,模型变量包括冠幅、叶子填充树冠长度和胸径,样本数为20,模型的R2与RMSE分别是0.967 m3和2.64 m3。本文方法能较准确地估测枝下高,TLS数据具有对树冠结构3维建模的潜力。 相似文献
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Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a valuable tool for creating virtual 3D models of geological outcrops to enable enhanced modeling and analysis of geologic strata. Application of TLS data is typically limited to the geometric point cloud that is used to create the 3D structure of the outcrop model. Digital photography can then be draped onto the 3D model, allowing visual identification and manual spatial delineation of different rock layers. Automation of the rock type identification and delineation is desirable, and recent work has investigated the use of terrestrial hyperspectral photography for this purpose. However, passive photography, whether visible or hyperspectral, presents several complexities, including accurate spatial registration with the TLS point cloud data, reliance on sunlight for illumination, and radiometric calibration to properly extract spectral signatures of the different rock types. As an active remote sensing method, a radiometrically calibrated TLS system offers the potential to directly provide spectral information for each recorded 3D point, independent of solar illumination. Therefore, the practical application of three radiometrically calibrated TLS systems with differing laser wavelengths, thereby achieving a multispectral dataset in conjunction with 3D point cloud data, is investigated using commercially available hardware and software. The radiometric calibration of the TLS intensity values is investigated and the classification performance of the multispectral TLS intensity and calibrated reflectance datasets evaluated and compared to classification performed with passive visible wavelength imagery. Results indicate that rock types can be successfully identified with radiometrically calibrated multispectral TLS data, with enhanced classification performance when fused with passive visible imagery. 相似文献
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Pauline Letortu Marion Jaud Philippe Grandjean Jérôme Ammann Stéphane Costa Olivier Maquaire 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2018,55(4):457-476
This paper aims to compare models from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), terrestrial photogrammetry (TP), and unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry (UAVP) surveys to evaluate their potential in cliff erosion monitoring. TLS has commonly been used to monitor cliff-face erosion (monitoring since 2010 in Normandy) because it guarantees results of high precision. Due to some uncertainties and limitations of TLS, TP and UAVP can be seen as alternative methods. First, the texture quality of the photogrammetry models is better than that of TLS which could be useful for analysis and interpretation. Second, a comparison between the TLS model and UAV or TP models shows that the mean error value is mainly from 0.013 to 0.03 m, which meets the precision requirements for monitoring cliff erosion by rock falls and debris falls. However, TP is more sensitive to roughness than UAVP, which increases the data standard deviation. Thus, UAVP appears to be more reliable in our study and provides a larger spatial coverage, enabling a larger cliff-face section to be monitored with a regular resolution. Nevertheless, the method remains dependent on the weather conditions and the number of operators is not reduced. Third, even though UAVP has more advantages than TP, the methods could be interchangeable when no pilot is available, when weather conditions are bad or when high reactivity is needed. 相似文献
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Wei Xuan Xianghong Hua Jingui Zou Xiaoxing He 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2017,45(1):35-43
As the development of the terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technique, deformation monitoring using TLS has attracted increasing attention in the field. To distinguish the deformation from the error of TLS point cloud and evaluate the deformation monitorable capacity of the point cloud, a deformation monitorable indicator (DMI) should be determined. In this paper, a new method for determining the DMI of point cloud is proposed. The kernel procedure of the method is the establishment of point error ellipsoid and point cloud error ellipsoid and is described firstly in the paper. Then the computation of the actual point error ellipsoid is derived considering the intersection between the neighboring error ellipsoids. The determination of DMI comes in the next by calculating the point position error of the deformation orientation based on the actual point error ellipsoid. Furthermore, the performance of proposed approach is illustrated with validation experiments of planar board displacement where deformations with different sampling intervals, different scanning distances and different incidence angles were simulated. From the analysis of the experiments, the results show the validation of the feasibility of determining the DMI by the proposed method. This technique was also applied to a monitoring event of bridge pylon, and the results confirm the feasibility of the DMI in a real case, as well. 相似文献
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车载激光扫描可快速获取大场景点云,由于存在视场限制和遮挡,需地面激光点云作补充。车载与地面点云分别位于大地坐标和局部坐标系统,本文提出结合遗传算法（genetic algorithm,GA）和（iterative closed point,ICP）的自动点云配准方法以统一基准。ICP采用局部优化,效率较高,但依赖初始解;GA为全局优化方法,但效率低。融合策略为当GA配准趋于局部搜索时,采用ICP完成配准。GA配准以地面激光扫描仪内置GPS测量粗略位置限定优化搜索空间。为提高GA配准精度,提出了最大化归一化匹配分数之和（normalized sum of matching scores,NSMS）配准模型。实测数据试验验证了NSMS模型的有效性,GA配准均方根误差（root mean square error,RMSE）为1~5 cm;融合配准比GA配准效率高约50%。 相似文献
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Hassan M. Fadul Ahmed A. Salih Imad-eldin A. Ali Shinobu Inanaga 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》1999,1(3-4)
The problems and impact of gully erosion along the Atbara River (Sudan), situated in semi-arid and arid environments, were investigated. The total gross area of gullied land and the loss of arable land by gully erosion were estimated. Multi-date sets of panchromatic aerial photographs and Landsat images (TM) were selected to represent two sites in the arid (New Halfa) and semi-arid (Showak town) zones along the Atbara River. Photo interpretation was conducted using physiographic and element methods. The interpretations detected the effects of water action in different climatic zones on geology, lithology, vegetation and land use. The results showed that the traditional rainfed agriculture has accelerated gully erosion in the semi-arid rather than in the arid zone. The progressive rate of gully erosion in the semi-arid zone resulted in loss of arable land at about 13.4 km2 yr-1 and 9.8 km2 yr-1 in the periods 1985–1987 and 1987–1990, respectively. The study provided data on the monitoring and mapping of gully erosion along the Atbara River and its tributaries. 相似文献