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1.
Based on geological data and the geochemical and isotopic (Sr, Nd) parameters of the Devonian volcanic associations of the Minusa basin, the main regularities of volcanism development are considered, the composition of magmatic sources is studied, and the geodynamic mechanisms of their involvement in rifting are reconstructed. The early stage of formation of the Minusa basin was characterized by intense volcanism, which resulted in differentiated and, more seldom, bimodal volcanic complexes composed of pyroclastic rocks and dolerite sills. At the late stage, only terrigenous deposits accumulated in the basin. It has been established that the basites are similar in composition and are intermediate in geochemical characteristics between intraplate rocks (OIB) and continent-marginal ones (IAB). The basites, like OIB, have high contents of all lithophile elements, which is typical of enriched mantle sources, and, like IAB, show negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, Ti, and, to a smaller extent, Rb, Th, Zr, and Hf, selective enrichment in Pb and Ba (and, sometimes, Sr), and a weak REE differentiation (7 < (La/Yb)N < 17). In contrast to the basins in other segments of the Devonian Altai–Sayan rift area, the igneous associations in the Minusa basin are characterized by a worse expressed geochemical inhomogeneity of rocks and lack of high-Ti (> 2 wt.% TiO2) basites. The Sr and Nd isotope compositions of the Minusa basites deviate from the mantle rock series toward the compositions with high radiogenic-strontium and low REE contents.This points to the melting of a mantle substratum (PREMA-type) and carbonate-rich sedimentary rocks, which were probably assimilated by basaltic magma. The correlations between the contents of trace incompatible elements in rocks with SiO2 = 53–77 wt.% testify to the assimilation of crustal substrata by parental basaltic melts and the subsequent differentiation of contaminated magmas (AFC model). We propose a model for the formation of primary melts with the simultaneous participation of magmatic sources of two types: plume and fluid-saturated suprasubductional, localized beneath the active continental margin.  相似文献   

2.
Geological, geochemical, and isotope (Sr, Nd, and O) parameters of Early Devonian (405 Ma) volcanics of southeastern Gorny Altai (Aksai and Kalguty volcanotectonic structures) are discussed. The studied igneous rock association comprises magnesian andesitoids, Nb-enriched andesite basalts, and A-type peraluminous silicic rocks (dacites, rhyolites, granites, and leucogranites). Magnesian andesitoids (mg# > 50) are characterized by a predominance of Na among alkalies (K2O/Na2O ≈ 0.1-0.7), medium contents of TiO2 (~ 0.8-1.3 wt.%) and Al2O3 (~ 12-15 wt.%), enrichment in Cr (up to 216 ppm), and low Sr/Y ratios (4-15). The Nb-enriched (Nb = 10-17 ppm) andesite basalts have high contents of TiO2 (1.7-2.7 wt.%) and P2O5 (0.4-1.4 wt.%). The A-type granitoids are characterized by high contents of K(K2O/Na2O ≤ 60) and alumina (ASI ≤ 2.9) and depletion in Ba, Sr, P, and Ti. The magnesian andesitoids and Nb-enriched andesite basalts are products of melts generated in the metasomatized lithospheric mantle; silicic magmas were formed through the melting of Cambrian-Ordovician metaturbidites of the Gorny Altai Group and, partly, Early-Middle Cambrian island-arc metabasites. The above rock association might have resulted from a plume impact on the lithospheric substrates of the continental paleomargin during the evolution of the Altai-Sayan rift system.  相似文献   

3.
Charles Maurice  Don Francis 《Lithos》2010,114(1-2):95-108
Paleoproterozoic mafic dyke swarms (2.5–2.0 Ga) of the Ungava Peninsula can be divided in three chemical groups. The main group has a wide range of Fe (10–18 wt.% Fe2O3) and Ti (0.8–2.0 wt.% TiO2) contents, and the most magnesian samples have compositions consistent with melting of a fertile lherzolitic mantle at ~ 1.5 GPa. Dykes of a low-LREE (light rare earth element) subgroup (La/Yb ≤ 4) display decreasing Zr/Nb with increasing La/Yb ratios and positive εNd2.0 Ga values (+ 3.9 to + 0.2) that trend from primitive mantle towards the composition of Paleoproterozoic alkaline rocks. In contrast, dykes of a high-LREE subgroup (La/Yb ≥4) display increasing Zr/Nb ratios and negative εNd2.0 Ga values (? 2.3 to ? 6.4) that trend towards the composition of Archean crust. A low Fe–Ti group has low Fe (< 11 wt.% Fe2O3), Ti (< 0.8 wt.% TiO2), high field strength elements (HFSE; < 6 ppm Nb) and heavy rare earth elements (HREE; < 2 ppm Yb) contents, but are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE; K/Ti = 0.7–3) and LREE (La/Yb > 4). These dykes are interpreted as melts of a depleted harzburgitic mantle that has experienced metasomatic enrichment. A positive correlation of Zr/Nb ratio and La/Yb ratio, negative εNd2.0 Ga values (? 14 to ? 6), and the presence of inherited Archean zircons further suggest the incorporation of a crustal component. A high Fe–Ti group has high Fe (> 14 wt.% Fe2O3) and Ti (> 1.4 wt.% TiO2) contents, along with higher Na contents relative to the main group dykes. Dykes of a high-Al subgroup (> 12 wt.% Al2O3) share Fe contents, εNd2.0 Ga values (? 2.3 to ? 3.4), La/Yb and Th/Nb ratios with Archean ferropicrites, and may represent evolved ferropicrite melts. A low-Al subgroup (< 12 wt.% Al2O3) has relatively lower Yb contents (< 2 ppm) and fractionated HREE patterns that indicate the presence of garnet in their melting residue. A comparison with ~ 5 GPa experimentally-derived melts suggests that these dykes may be derived from garnet-bearing pyroxenite or peridotite. The εNd2.0 Ga values (? 0.3 to ? 2.0) of these dykes lie between the compositions of Archean granitoids and Paleoproterozoic alkaline rocks, signifying their petrogenesis involved both crustal and mantle components.Paleoproterozoic dykes containing a crustal component occur within, or close to, an isotopically enriched Archean terrane (TDM 4.3–3.1 Ga), whereas dykes without this component occur in an isotopically juvenile terrane (TDM < 3.1 Ga). The lack of a crustal component and the positive εNd2.0 Ga values of dykes intruding the latter suggest that the crust they intruded was either too cold to be assimilated, or that its lower crust and/or lithosphere were Paleoproterozoic in age. In contrast, the ubiquitous presence of a crustal component and the diversity of mantle sources for dykes intruding the enriched terrane (lherzolite, harzburgite, pyroxenite) suggest a warmer crust with underlying heterogeneous lithospheric mantle.  相似文献   

4.
The northern Noorabad area in western Iran contains several gabbro and basalt bodies which were emplaced along the Zagros suture zone. The basalts show pillow and flow structures with amygdaloidal textures, and the gabbroic rocks show massive and foliated structures with coarse to fine-grained textures. The SiO2 contents of the gabbros and basalts are similar and range from 46.1–51.0 wt.%, and the Al2O3 contents vary from 12.3–18.8 wt.%, with TiO2 contents of 0.4–3.0 wt.%. The Nb concentrations of some gabbros and basalts are high and can be classified as Nb-enriched arc basalts. The positive εNd(t) values (+3.7 to +9.8) and low 87Sr/86Sr(initial) ratios (0.7031–0.7071) of both bodies strongly indicate a depleted mantle source and indicate that the rocks were formed by partial melting of a depleted lithospheric mantle and interaction with slab fluids/melts. The chemical composition of trace elements, REE pattern and initial 87Sr/86Sr-143Nd/144Nd ratios show that the rocks have affinities to tholeiitic magmatic series and suggest an extensional tectonic regime over the subduction zone for the evolution of these rocks. We propose an extensional tectonic regime due to the upwelling of metasomatized mantle after the late Cretaceous collision in the Harsin-Noorabad area. These rocks can be also considered as Eocene back arc magmatic activity along the Zagros suture zone in this area.  相似文献   

5.
The Sangan mining region, which has a proven reserve of approximately 1000 Mt of 53% iron ore, is located in the Khaf-Kashmar-Bardeskan volcano-plutonic belt in northeastern Iran. The geological units in the eastern zone of the Sangan region consist of Precambrian schists, Jurassic sedimentary rocks and Tertiary subvolcanic granitoid intrusions. Iron skarn mineralization consists of stratiform and massive bodies in the carbonate rocks that are adjacent to the granitoid intrusions. Detailed field mapping revealed that 39-Ma syenitic intrusive bodies in the western and central zones of the Sangan region were the main sources of heat and fluid for the iron mineralization.A Mid-Cenozoic biotite granite pluton is associated with the eastern anomalies. However, field relationships suggested that this pluton is not the source of the metals, heat or fluids that were responsible for the iron mineralization. This pluton is rich in silica (SiO2 contents from 66.4 to 79.1 wt%) and is characterized by high-K series with metaluminous to slightly peraluminous affinity.Geochronological (U-Pb zircon method) and geochemical data, including major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes, define the complex origin of these plutons, which consist of alkaline granitoids that appear to be A-type in character but also show I-type affinity.New geochemical and isotopic data from plutons in the eastern anomalies and data from previous studies of the western and central anomalies and the southeastern intrusive rocks in the Sangan region show that these plutons have close affiliation with lower to upper crust-derived melts and were largely modified into highly fractionated I-type granite. These rocks were derived from and emplaced by varying degrees of partial melting during the Middle Eocene (Bartonian to Lutetian, 38.3–43.9 Ma) from a crustal protolith in a normal to mature volcanic continental arc setting.The Sangan granitoids were produced from crustal assimilation by a heat source from mantle melts, which are associated with the Kashmar-Neotethyan slab that subducted under Eurasia. The Khaf-Kashmar-Bardeskan igneous rocks reflect an active Cenozoic plate margin that was related to the closure of the Kashmar-Neotethyan Sea between the Lut and Eurasia blocks because of the continuous convergence between the Arabian and Iran plates during the Late Cretaceous–Early Paleocene.  相似文献   

6.
In the east of the Tuvinian trough within the Kropotkin Ridge, the formation of Devonian volcanic associations was intimately conjugate with rifting on the southwestern framing of the Siberian Platform. The associations include picrite-like basalts, trachybasalts, basaltic trachyandesites, trachyandesites, trachytes, trachyrhyodacites, trachyrhyolites, comendites, and subvolcanic dolerites. The basic and normal-basic rocks are subdivided into two groups by TiO2 contents: high-Ti (TiO2 ～ 2.2–4.2 wt.%) and medium-Ti (TiO2 ～ 1.3–2.0 wt.%). Compared with the high-Ti basites, the medium-Ti ones are depleted in K, Rb, REE, Nb, Ta, Th, and U and have features of magmatic series of active continental margins. The high-Ti rocks are similar in composition to within-plate basalts. But in the isotopic compositions of Sr and Nd the above groups of basites are similar and correspond to mantle sources forming enriched within-plate basalts of the OIB type. This combination of within-plate and continent-marginal geochemical features in the basites localized in the same structure-geologic conditions might indicate the formation of rock associations in the rift zone at the rear of active continental paleomargin during the evolution of their common plume source. Its interaction with the suprasubductional lithospheric mantle determined the geochemistry of rocks.  相似文献   

7.
This paper presents geochemical, petrographic, and geochronological data on the Uatumã magmatism in the Pitinga Province, where it is represented by volcanic rocks from the Iricoumé Group and granitic rocks from the Mapuera Suite. The Iricoumé Group (1.89–1.88 Ga) is constituted of the Divisor Formation (intermediate volcanic rocks), Ouro Preto Formation (acid effusive rocks), and Paraiso Formation (acid crystal-rich ignimbrites, surge deposits, and basic rocks). The volcanic sequence is intruded by granitoids from the Mapuera Suite (1.88 Ga), mainly represented by monzogranites and syenogranites. Structural and field relations suggest that caldera complex collapse controlled the emplacement of volcanics and granitoids of the Mapuera Suite. Subsequent structure reactivations allowed the younger Madeira Suite (1.82–1.81 Ga) to be emplaced in the central portion of the caldera complex. The felsic Iricoumé magmatism is mainly composed of rhyolites, trachydacites and latites, with SiO2 contents between 64 wt% and 80 wt%. The plutonic rocks from the Mapuera Suite present SiO2 between 65 wt% and 77 wt%. Volcanic and granitic rocks present identical geochemical characteristics and that is attributed to their co-magmatic character. The felsic volcanic rocks and granites are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous and show affinity with silica-saturated alkaline series or with A-type magmas. They have Na2O + K2O between 6.6% and 10.4%, FeOt/(FeOt + MgO) varying between 0.76 and 0.99, Ga/Al ratios between 1.5 and 4.9, like typical A-type rocks; and plot in the within-plate or post-collisional fields in the (Nb + Y) vs. Rb diagram. The Nb/Y ratios indicate that these rocks are comparable to A2-type granites. This magmatism can be related to the (i) potassic alkaline series, with low Sr content in the felsic rocks explained by plagioclase fractionation at low pressure and high temperature or, alternatively, (ii) a bimodal association where magma had high crustal influence. The similarity of the Iricoumé felsic magmatism with A2-type granitoids and their high ETRL/Nb ratios suggest its relation with mantle sources previously modified by subduction, probably in a post-collision environment. Alternatively, this can be interpreted as bimodal within-plate magmatism with contamination by crustal melts. In this context, the extreme F, Nb and Zr enrichment of Madeira Suite could be explained by the presence of a thin crust which favored the presence and continuity of convective systems in the upper mantle.  相似文献   

8.
The petrography, mineral chemistry and geochemical features of the Sabongari alkaline complex are presented and discussed in this paper with the aim of constraining its petrogenesis and comparing it with other alkaline complexes of the Cameroon Line. The complex is mainly made up of felsic rocks: (i) granites predominate and include pyroxene–amphibole (the most abundant), amphibole–biotite, biotite and pyroxene types; (ii) syenites are subordinate and comprise amphibole–pyroxene and amphibole–biotite quartz syenites; (iii) pyroxene–amphibole–biotite trachyte and (iv) relatively abundant rhyolite. The minor basic and intermediate terms associated with felsic rocks consist of basanites, microdiorite and monzodioites. Two groups of pyroxene bearing rocks are distinguished: a basanite–trachyte–granite (Group 1) bimodal series (SiO2 gap: 44 and 63 wt.%) and a basanite–microdiorite–monzodiorite–syenite–granite (Group 2) less pronounced bimodal series (reduced SiO2 gap: 56–67 wt.%). Both are metaluminous to peralkaline whereas felsic rocks bare of pyroxene (Group 3) are metaluminous to peraluminous. The Group 1 basanite is SiO2-undersaturated (modal analcite in the groundmass and 11.04 wt.% normative nepheline); its Ni (240 ppm) and Cr (450 ppm) contents, near mantle values, indicate its most primitive character. The Group 2 basanite is rather slightly SiO2-saturated (1.56 wt.% normative hypersthene), a marker of its high crustal contamination (low Nb/Y-high Rb/Y). The La/Yb and Gd/Yb values of both basanites (1: 19.47 and 2.92; 2: 9.09 and 2.23) suggest their common parental magma composition, and their crystallization through two episodes of partial melting (2% and 3% respectively) of a lherzolite mantle source with <4% residual garnet. The effects of crustal contamination were selectively felt in the values of HFSE/LREE, LREE/LILE and LREE/HFSE ratios, known as indicators. Similar features have been recently obtained in the felsic lavas of the Cameroon Volcanic Line.  相似文献   

9.
《Gondwana Research》2014,26(4):1570-1598
Granitic rocks are commonly used as means to study chemical evolution of continental crust, particularly, their isotopic compositions, which reflect the relative contributions of mantle and crustal components in their genesis. New SIMS and K–Ar geochronology, isotope, geochemical, and mineral chemistry data are presented for the granitoid rocks located in and around Gabal Dara in the Northern Eastern Desert of Egypt. The granitoid suite comprises quartz diorites, Muscovite (Mus) trondhjemites, and granodiorites intruded by biotite-hornblende (BH) granites and alkali feldspar (AF) granites. Mus trondhjemite, granodiorite and BH granite exhibit I-type calc alkaline affinities. Mus trondhjemite and granodiorite show medium-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous/mildy peraluminous affinities, whereas BH granites have high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous character. Concordant 206Pb/238U weighted mean ages together with geochemical peculiarities suggest that Mus trondhjemites (741 Ma) followed by granodiorites (720 Ma) are genetically unrelated, and formed in subduction-related regime by partial melting of lower oceanic crust together with a significant proportion of mantle melt. The genesis of Mus trondhjemites is correlated with the main event in the evolution of the Eastern Desert, called “~750 Ma crust forming event”.The field and geochemical criteria together with age data assign the high-K calc-alkaline BH granites (608–590 Ma) and alkaline AF granites (600–592 Ma) as post-collisional granites. The differences in geochemical traits, e.g. high-K calc-alkaline versus alkaline/peralkaline affinities respectively, suggest that BH granites and AF granites are genetically unrelated. The age overlap indicating coeval generation of calc-alkaline and alkaline melts, which in turn suggests that magma genesis was controlled by local composition of the source. The high-K calc-alkaline BH granites are most likely generated from lithospheric mantle melt which have been hybridized by crustal melts produced by underplating process. AF granites exhibit enrichment in K2O, Rb, Nb, Y, and Th, and depletion in Al2O3, TiO2, MgO, CaO, FeO, P2O5, Sr, and Ba as well as alkaline/peralkaline affinity. These geochemical criteria combined with the moderately fractionated rare earth elements pattern (LaN/YbN = 9–14) suggest that AF granite magma might have been generated by partial melting of Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) arc crust in response of upwelling of hot asthenospheric mantle melts, which became in direct contact with lower ANS continental crust material due to delamination. Furthermore, a minor role of crystal fractionation of plagioclase, amphibole, biotite, zircon, and titanomagnetite in the evolution of AF granites is also suggested. The low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7033–0.7037) and positive εNd(T) values (+ 2.32 to + 4.71) clearly reflect a significant involvement of depleted mantle source in the generation of the post-collision granites and a juvenile nature for the ANS.  相似文献   

10.
We discuss here the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of mafic intrusive rocks from the Nagaland-Manipur Ophiolites (NMO) of Indo-Myanmar Orogenic Belt, northeast India to define their mantle source and tectonic environment. Mafic intrusive sequence in the NMO is characterized by hornblende-free (type-I) and hornblende-bearing (type-II) rocks. The type-I is further categorized as mafic dykes (type-Ia) of tholeiitic N-MORB composition, having TiO2 (0.72–1.93 wt.%) and flat REE patterns (LaN/YbN = 0.76–1.51) and as massive gabbros (type-Ib) that show alkaline E-MORB affinity, having moderate to high Ti content (TiO2 = 1.18 to 1.45 wt.%) with strong LREE-HREE fractionations (LaN/YbN = 4.54–7.47). Such geochemical enrichment from N-MORB to E-MORB composition indicates mixing of melts derived from a depleted mantle and a fertile mantle/plume source at the spreading center. On the other hand, type-II mafic intrusives are hornblende bearing gabbros of SSZ-type tholeiitic composition with low Ti content (TiO2 = 0.54 wt.%–0.86 wt.%) and depleted LREE pattern with respect to HREE (LaN/YbN = 0.37–0.49). They also have high Ba/Zr (1.13–2.82), Ba/Nb (45.56–151.66) and Ba/Th (84.58–744.19) and U/Th ratios (0.37–0.67) relative to the primitive mantle, which strongly represents the melt composition generated by partial melting of depleted lithospheric mantle wedge contaminated by hydrous fluids derived from subducting oceanic lithosphere in a forearc setting. Their subduction related origin is also supported by presence of calcium-rich plagioclase (An16.6–32.3). Geothermometry calculation shows that the hornblende bearing (type-II) mafic rocks crystallized at temperature in range of 565°–625 °C ± 50 (at 10 kbar). Based on these available mineralogical and geochemical evidences, we conclude that mid ocean ridge (MOR) type mafic intrusive rocks from the NMO represent the section of older oceanic crust which was generated during the divergent process of the Indian plate from the Australian plate during Cretaceous period. Conversely, the hornblende-bearing gabbros (type-II) represent the younger oceanic crust which was formed at the forearc region by partial melting of the depleted mantle wedge slightly modified by the hydrous fluids released from the subducting oceanic slab during the initial stage of subduction of Indian plate beneath the Myanmar plate.  相似文献   

11.
We present nomenclature and geochemical classification of Paleoproterozoic LILE-enriched high-Mg low-Ti mafic-granitoid rocks of the eastern margin of the Sarmatia paleocontinent and substantiate their tectonic position. Two differentiated rock series are recognized: (1) biotite-orthopyroxene melanorite-quartz-meladiorite-melagranodiorite and (2) hornblende-biotite quartz-diorite-tonalite-granodiorite. Both series correspond in chemical composition to calc-alkalic gabbro-diorites, diorites, tonalites, and granodiorites. As follows from their mineralogical and geochemical compositions, these are norite-diorite rocks (intrusive analogs of boninites) (SiO2 = 52-65 wt.%, MgO = 5-20 wt.%, TiO2 = 0.2-0.8 wt.%) and high-Mg granitoids (SiO2 = 60-70 wt.%, Na2O/K2O = 0.65-1.33, MgO = 3.23-7.40 wt.%, K2O = 1.9-4.0 wt.%), respectively. Their high Mg# values (67-87) and Cr contents (> 100 ppm), on the one hand, and their isotope-geochemical characteristics similar to those of the host metaterrigenous rocks, the magma enrichment in LILE, and the presence of Ni sulfide ores with a predominance of light sulfur isotopes, on the other, testify to crustal contamination of mantle magmas. The rock series are nearly of the same age and belong to the same magmatic system, where high-Mg granitoids are differentiates of parental high-Mg (boninite-like) norite-dioritic magma. This is confirmed by a gradual increase in SiO2 and K2O contents and a decrease in Mg# and Ni, Co, V, and Cr contents in the sequence from norites to granodiorites and by the facies and phase relationships between the series. Intrusion of rocks took place at shallow depths following the low-temperature metamorphism and folding under postcollisional collapse of the East Sarmatian orogen.  相似文献   

12.
The northern Vourinos massif, located in the Dinarides-Hellenides mountain belt in the Balkan Peninsula, forms a section of the so-called Neotethyan ophiolitic belt in the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic system. It is comprised mainly of a well-preserved mantle sequence, dominated by voluminous massive harzburgite with variable clinopyroxene and olivine modal abundances, accompanied by subordinate coarse- and fine-grained dunite. The harzburgite rock varieties are characterized by high Cr# [Cr/(Cr + Al)] values in Cr-spinel (0.47–0.74), elevated Mg# [Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)] in olivine (0.90–0.93), low Al2O3 content in clinopyroxene (≤1.82 wt.%) and low average bulk-rock concentrations of CaO (0.52 wt.%) and Al2O3 (0.40 wt.%), which are indicative of their refractory nature. In addition, dunite-type rocks display even more depleted compositions, containing Cr-spinel and olivine with higher Cr# (0.76–0.84) and Mg# (0.91–0.94), respectively. They also display extremely low average abundances of CaO (0.13 wt.%) and Al2O3 (0.15 wt.%). The vast majority of the studied peridotites are also strongly depleted in REE. Simple batch and fractional melting models are not sufficient to explain their ultra-depleted composition. Whole-rock trace element abundances of the northern Vourinos mantle rocks can be modeled by up to 22–31% closed-system non-modal dynamic melting of an assumed primitive mantle (PM) source having spinel lherzolite composition. The highly depleted compositional signatures of the investigated peridotites indicate that they have experienced hydrous melting in the fore-arc mantle region above a SSZ. This intense melting event was responsible for the release of arc-related melts from the mantle. These melts reacted with the studied peridotites causing incongruent melting of pyroxenes followed by considerable olivine and Cr-spinel addition in terms of cryptic metasomatism. This later metasomatic episode has obscured any geochemical fingerprints indicative of an early mantle melting event in a MOR setting. The lack of any MOR-type peridotites in the northern Vourinos depleted mantle suite is quite uncommon for SSZ-type Neotethyan ophiolites.  相似文献   

13.
《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):112-133
The Cida A-type granitic stock (∼ 4 km2) and Ailanghe I-type granite batholith (∼ 100 km2) in the Pan-Xi (Panzhihua-Xichang) area, SW China, are two important examples of granites formed during an episode of magmatism associated with the Permian Emeishan mantle plume activity. This is a classic setting of plume-related, anorogenic magmatism exhibiting the typical association of mantle-derived mafic and alkaline rocks along with silicic units. SHRIMP zircon U–Pb data reveal that the Cida granitic pluton (261 ± 4 Ma) was emplaced shortly before the Ailanghe granites (251 ± 6 Ma). The Cida granitoids display mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of A-type granites including high FeO⁎/MgO ratios, elevated high-field-strength elements (HFSE) contents and high Ga/Al ratios, which are much higher than those of the Ailanghe granites. All the granitic rocks show significant negative Eu anomalies and demonstrate the characteristic negative anomalies in Ba, Sr, and Ti in the spidergrams. It can be concluded that the Cida granitic rocks are highly fractionated A-type granitoids whereas the Ailanghe granitic rocks belong to highly evolved I-type granites.The Cida granitoids and enclaves have Nd and Sr isotopic initial ratios (εNd(t) = − 0.25 to + 1.35 and (87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7023 to 0.7053) close to those of the associated mafic intrusions and Emeishan basalts, indicating the involvement of a major mantle plume component. The Ailanghe granites exhibit prominent negative Nb and Ta anomalies and weakly positive Pb anomalies in the spidergram and have nonradiogenic εNd(t) ratios (− 6.34 to − 6.26) and high (87Sr/86Sr)i values (0.7102 to 0.7111), which indicate a significant contribution from crustal material. These observations combined with geochemical modeling suggest that the Cida A-type granitoids were produced by extensive fractional crystallization from basaltic parental magmas. In contrast, the Ailanghe I-type granites most probably originated by partial melting of the mid-upper crustal, metasedimentary–metavolcanic rocks from the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Huili group and newly underplated basaltic rocks.In the present study, it is proposed that petrogenetic distinctions between A-type and I-type granites may not be as clear-cut as previously supposed, and that many compositional and genetically different granites of the A- and I-types can be produced in the plume-related setting. Their ultimate nature depends more importantly on the type and proportion of mantle and crustal material involved and melting conditions. Significant melt production and possible underplating and/or intrusion into the lower crust, may play an important role in generating the juvenile mafic lower crust (average 20 km) in the central part of the Emeishan mantle plume.  相似文献   

14.
The paper presents new data on age, geochemistry, and Sr and Nd isotope composition of rocks from the Akatui massif and comagmatic rocks from the lower unit of the Kailas Formation (Akatui volcano-plutonic association), localized within the Aleksandrovskii Zavod depression. The amphibole 40Ar/39Ar age date the monzogabbro of the early phase of the Akatui massif at 154.8 ± 4.4 Ma; the monzonite of the main phase yields a 40Ar/39Ar age of 160.7 ± 3.9 Ma, and the shoshonite basalt of the lower unit of the Kailas Formation yields a 40Ar/39Ar age of 161.5 ± 1.7 Ma. The leading petrogenetic mechanism for the Akatui volcano-plutonic association is crystal fractional differentiation of melts with minor crustal contamination, which can be suggested from the mineralogical and petrographic features and geochemical and isotope characteristics of rocks. The geochemical data for the Akatui volcano-plutonic association show LILE, LREE, U, Th, and Pb enrichment with a characteristic depletion in high-field strength elements (HFSE), such as Nb and Ti. They are also depleted in P. Sr-Nd isotope data (87Sr/86Sr(160 Ma) = 0.70642-0.70688 and £Nd(160 Ma) = − 0.6 to − 2.2) suggest an EMII-type mantle source and could also indicate a negligible degree of crustal contamination in the evolved melts.  相似文献   

15.
We present results of isotope-geochemical studies of Late Paleoproterozoic basites from intrusions located in different parts of a dike swarm traceable for more than 200 km within the Baikal marginal salient of the Siberian craton basement (northern Baikal area). The basites of the southern (Khibelen site) and northern (Chaya site) parts of the dike swarm show both similarity and difference in their sources and formation conditions. For example, the Khibelen basites correspond in chemical composition to basalts and trachybasalts, and the Chaya basites, to basalts and andesite-basalts. Based on petrographic and petrochemical data, the basites of both sites can be referred to as medium-alkali (subalkalic) series. All analyzed basites show distinct negative Nb–Ta and Ti anomalies on element spidergrams, negative εNd(t) values, and indicative geochemical ratios Th/Nbpm, La/Nbpm, and La/Smn > 1. All this points to the formation of basites of both sites from mantle sources contaminated with continental crust. Contamination might have occurred in intermediate magma chambers localized in crust. Differentiated basic varieties of both sites resulted from fractionation of clinopyroxene. For the Khibelen basites, the mantle source (probably, with geochemical parameters close to those of IAB) might have been initially contaminated with middle-crust rocks and then, with lower/upper-crust material.The source of the Chaya basites was probably produced during the interaction of mantle components similar in composition to IAB and N-MORB with a crustal component. The performed studies testify to the heterogeneous composition of the upper mantle beneath different sites of the Siberian craton basement.  相似文献   

16.
Magmatism in the Rocroi inlier (Ardenne Allochton, southeastern Avalonia during eo-Hercynian times) consists of a swarm of bimodal dykes (diabase and/or microgranite) emplaced in Middle to Upper Cambrian siliciclastics (Revin Group). Felsic volcanites interbedded within the Upper Silurian/Lower Devonian transgressive strata on the eastern edge of the inlier were interpreted as belonging to the same magmatic event. This was subsequently invalidated by zircon U–Pb dating of the Mairupt and Grande Commune magmatic rocks, which yielded an Upper Devonian age. Here we report a reevaluation of the age of the Mairupt microgranite based on LA–ICP–MS in situ U–Pb zircon geochronology, which yields a concordant age of 420.5 ± 2.9 Ma (Late Silurian/Early Devonian). This new dating restores the consistency between the different magmatic occurrences in the Rocroi inlier. The geochemical and petrographical data furthermore indicate a major crustal contribution, which fits well within the context of crust thinning of the Ardenne margin (southeastern Avalonia) in the transtensional Rheno-Hercynian back-arc basin.  相似文献   

17.
The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) formed mainly in the Paleozoic due to the closure of the Paleo-Asian oceanic basins and accompanying prolonged accretion of pelagic sediments, oceanic crust, magmatic arcs, and Precambrian terranes. The timing of subduction–accretion processes and closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean has long been controversial and is addressed in a geochemical and isotopic investigation of mafic rocks, which can yield important insight into the geodynamics of subduction zone environments. The Xilingol Complex, located on the northern subduction–accretion zone of the CAOB, mainly comprises strongly deformed quartzo-feldspathic gneisses with intercalated lenticular or quasi-lamellar amphibolite bodies. An integrated study of the petrology, geochemistry, and geochronology of a suite of amphibolites from the complex constrains the nature of the mantle source and the tectono-metamorphic events in the belt. The protoliths of these amphibolites are gabbros and gabbroic diorites that intruded at ca. 340–321 Ma with positive εHf(t) values ranging from + 2.89 to + 12.98. Their TDM1 model ages range from 455 to 855 Ma and peak at 617 Ma, suggesting that these mafic rocks are derived from a depleted continental lithospheric mantle. The primitive magma was generated by variable degrees of partial melting of spinel-bearing peridotites. Fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene and hornblende has played a dominant role during magma differentiation with little or no crustal contamination. The mafic rocks are derived from a Late Neoproterozoic depleted mantle source that was subsequently enriched by melts affected by slab-derived fluids and sediments, or melts with a sedimentary source rock. The Carboniferous mafic rocks in the northern accretionary zone of the CAOB record a regional extensional event after the Early Paleozoic subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. Both addition of mantle-derived magmas and recycling of oceanic crust played key roles in significant Late Carboniferous (ca. 340–309 Ma) vertical crustal growth in the CAOB. Amphibolite–facies metamorphism (P = 0.34–0.52 GPa, T = 675–708 °C) affected these mafic rocks in the Xilingol Complex at ca. 306–296 Ma, which may be related to the crustal thickening by northward subduction of a forearc oceanic crust beneath the southern margin of the South Mongolian microcontinent. The final formation of the Solonker zone may have lasted until ca. 228 Ma.  相似文献   

18.
Continental subduction and its interaction with overlying mantle wedge are recognized as fundamental solid earth processes, yet the dynamics of this system remains ambiguous. In order to get an insight into crust–mantle interaction triggered by partial melting of subudcted continental crust during its exhumation, we carried out a combined study of the Shidao alkaline complex from the Sulu ultrahigh pressure (UHP) terrane. The alkaline complex is composed of shoshonitic to ultrapotassic (K2O: 3.4–9.3 wt.%) gabbro, pyroxene syenite, amphibole syenite, quartz syenite, and granite. Field studies suggest that the mafic rocks are earlier than the felsic ones in sequence. LA-ICPMS zircon U–Pb dating on them gives Late Triassic ages of 214 ± 2 to 200 ± 3 Ma from mafic to felsic rocks. These ages are slightly younger than the Late Triassic ages (225–210 Ma) of the felsic melts from partial melting of the Sulu UHP terrane during exhumation. The alkaline rocks have wide ranges of SiO2 (49.7–76.7 wt.%), MgO (8.25–0.03 wt.%), Ni (126.0–0.07 ppm), and Cr (182.0–0.45 ppm) contents. The contents of MgO, total Fe2O3, CaO, TiO2 and P2O5 decrease with increasing SiO2 contents. The contents of Na2O, K2O, and Al2O3 increase from gabbro to amphibole syenite, and decrease from amphibole syenite to granite, respectively. The alkaline rocks have characteristics of an arc-like pattern in trace element distribution, e.g., enrichment of LREE, LILE (Rb and Ba), Th and U, depletion of HFSE (Nb, Ta, P and Ti), and positive Pb anomalies. From the mafic rocks to the felsic rocks, the (La/Yb)N ratios and the contents of the total REE, Sr and Ba decrease but the Rb contents increase. The alkaline rocks with high SiO2 contents also display features of an A2-type granitoids, e.g., high contents of total alkalis, Zr and Nb and high ratios of Fe2O3T/MgO, Ga/Al, Yb/Ta and Y/Nb, suggesting a post-collisional magmatism during exhumation of the Sulu UHP terrane. The alkaline rocks have homogeneous initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7058–0.7093) and negative εNd(t) values (− 18.6 to − 15.0) for whole-rock. The Sr–Nd isotopic data remain almost unchanged with varying SiO2 and MgO contents, suggesting a fractional crystallization (FC) process from the same parental magma. Our studies suggest a crust–mantle interaction in continental subduction interface as follows: (1) hydrous felsic melts from partial melting of subducted continental crust during its exhumation metasomatized the overlying mantle wedge to form a K-rich and amphibole-bearing mantle; (2) partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle generated the Late Triassic alkaline complex under a post-collisional setting; and (3) the alkaline magma experienced subsequent fractionational crystallization mainly dominated by olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and alkali feldspar.  相似文献   

19.
The paper presents new petrographic, geochemical, and petrologic data from volcanic rocks of suprasubduction origin of the Char shear zone in eastern Kazakhstan. We discuss bulk rock composition (concentrations of major and trace elements), types of mantle sources and parameters of their melting, conditions of crystallization of mafic magma, and geodynamic settings of basalt eruption. According to the major element composition, the volcanic rocks are basalt, andesibasalt, and andesite of tholeiitic and transitional, from tholeiitic to calc-alkaline, series. They are characterized by low TiO2 (0.85 wt.% on average) and crystallization trends in MgO–major elements plots. In terms of trace element composition, the volcanic rocks possess moderately LREE-enriched rare-earth element patterns and are characterized by negative Nb anomalies present on the multi-element spectra (Nb/Lapm = 0.14–0.47; Nb/Thpm = 0.7–1.6). The distribution of rare-earth elements (La/Smn = 0.8–2.3, Gd/Ybn = 0.7–1.9) and the results of geochemical modeling in the Nb–Yb system suggest high degrees of melting of a depleted mantle source at spinel facies depths. Fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and opaque minerals also affected the final composition of the volcanic rocks. Clinopyroxene monomineral thermometry calculations suggest that the melts crystallized within a range of 1020–1180 °C. We think that this volcanic complex formed at a western active margin of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.  相似文献   

20.
New major and trace elemental, Sr–Nd–Pb isotope, and zircon U–Pb geochronological and Hf–O isotope data of post-collisional potassic and ultrapotassic volcanic rocks (PVRs and UPVs, respectively) along with geochemical data of PVRs, UPVs, and Mg-rich potassic rocks (MPRs) in the literature are used to constrain their mantle source and genesis. The PVRs, UPVs, and MPRs share similar geochemical features but with some discrepancies, suggesting that they were derived from subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) with isotopic heterogeneity resulting from the varying contributions of subducted Indian lower crust into the mantle source (ca. 6–20%, ca. 8–30%, and ca. 9–30%, respectively). The zircon Hf–O isotopic compositions of these rocks can be classified into two groups, including Group I rocks with high δ18O (6.7–11.3‰), low εHf(t) (− 17.0 to − 12.0), and old Hf crustal model ages (1.87–2.19 Ga) that indicate an ancient SCLM source, and Group II rocks with δ18O values of 6.8–10.7‰, εHf(t) values of − 11.8 to − 6.3, and younger Hf crustal model ages (1.50–1.86 Ga). The negative correlation defined by δ18O and εHf(t) of Group II samples suggests a two-component mixing between mantle- and crust-derived melts, in which the latter would be the subducted Indian lower crust as indicated by the similar negative εHf(t) values between Group II samples (− 11.8 to − 6.3) and the High Himalayan gneiss (− 14.2 to + 0.3). Thus we propose two enrichment events to account for the Hf–O isotopic compositions of the PVRs and UPVs/MPRs: the first involves the enrichment of the overlying SCLM that was metasomatized by fluids derived from dehydration of the subducted Indian lower crust, and the second invokes the enrichment of the overlying SCLM metasomatized by melts of the already dehydrated different proportions of the Indian lower crust. We argue that break-off of the northwards subducted Indian Plate in the early Miocene caused the asthenospheric upwelling under the Indian plate through slab window, resulting in varying degrees of partial melting of the overlying metasomatized heterogeneous SCLM to produce the primitive magmas of the PVRs, UPVs, and MPRs in an extensional setting. These observations and interpretations imply that the Indian lower crust was subducted beneath the Lhasa terrane in the Early–Middle Miocene.  相似文献   

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