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1.
针对目前大批低产老化虾池的改造和可持续生产的问题，设计了一个自然生态养虾新模式。利用长期不能清淤的低产老化虾池和已造成生态失衡的虾池，实行疏放苗，精管理，综合利用、立体开发，混养、轮养。试验结果表明，养殖周期为 ８０～９０ ｄ，对虾成活率６０．５％ ～７６％ ，体长达１０．１～１３．２ ｃｍ ，平均体重 １７．２～１９．２ ｇ／尾，饵料系数 ０．７７～０．８０，平均产量 ６４５～７８０ ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２，鲻鱼产量 ４２０～４６５ ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２ 。整个养殖过程虾池的各种水质理化因子基本符合要求，从而使对虾养殖在一种相对稳定的生态环境中进行 相似文献
2.
采用微藻三级扩大培养技术，将在对虾养殖池选育的波吉卵囊藻Oocysits borgei引入凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei高位养殖池，并检测养殖环境中微藻群落结构、水质因子、对虾抗病力相关因子、对虾生长情况，研究了以微藻生态调控为主的对虾防病技术。结果表明：养殖前、中、后期，波吉卵囊藻平均生物量占浮游植物总生物量分别为98．02％、78．89％和45．12％，成为虾池中的绝对优势种；作为优势种的持续时间长达77d。波吉卵囊藻为主的微藻群落控制的水质较稳定，实验池氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度较对照池低。对虾的血细胞数、溶菌（LSZ）活力、抗菌活力、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和酚氧化酶（PO）均显著高于对照池（P〈0．05）；血清蛋白含量差异不显著（P〉0．05）。实验池对虾生长速度显著高于对照池（P〈0．05）。可见，通过微藻的定向培育方法来优化虾池微藻群落结构，可改善养殖环境。 相似文献
3.
虾池微藻定向培育及其对养殖环境因子的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用微藻三级扩大培养技术,将在对虾养殖池选育的波吉卵囊藻Oocysits borgei引入凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeusvannamei高位养殖池,并检测养殖环境中微藻群落结构、水质因子、对虾抗病力相关因子、对虾生长情况,研究了以微藻生态调控为主的对虾防病技术。结果表明:养殖前、中、后期,波吉卵囊藻平均生物量占浮游植物总生物量分别为98.02%、78.89%和45.12%,成为虾池中的绝对优势种;作为优势种的持续时间长达77 d。波吉卵囊藻为主的微藻群落控制的水质较稳定,实验池氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度较对照池低。对虾的血细胞数、溶菌(LSZ)活力、抗菌活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酚氧化酶(PO)均显著高于对照池(P<0.05);血清蛋白含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验池对虾生长速度显著高于对照池(P<0.05)。可见,通过微藻的定向培育方法来优化虾池微藻群落结构,可改善养殖环境。 相似文献
4.
1998～ 1999年间在阳东县采用改造蟹池、水质调控、合理投饵、轮捕轮放等技术进行锯缘青蟹围塘养殖试验。结果表明 ,锯缘青蟹成活率为 70 .9% ,比 1998年提高 4 0 % ;平均产量 32 6 7kg hm2 ,比 1998年提高 12 2 .3%。 1999年与 2 0 0 0年推广养殖面积各为 10 3hm2 与 137.3hm2 ,平均产量分别为 30 5 9kg hm2 与 3132kg hm2 ,与 1998年相比分别提高 10 8.3%与 113.3%。 相似文献
5.
研究了外源性蜕皮激素对凡纳滨对虾生长和表观消化率的影响 ,实验时在基础饲料中分别添加 0 .1%、0 .2 %、0 .4 %的两种市售蜕壳素产品 ,制成 6种外源性脱壳素配合饲料 ,不添加的基础饲料作为对照组 ,试验在 2 6 0L玻璃钢循环水养殖系统中 ,每个剂量组设 3个重复 ,8周生长试验结果表明 :市售蜕壳素产品能有效地促进对虾生长 ,试验结束时 ,试验组虾体增重分别较对照组增加 16 .8%、7.5 2 %、5 .9%、11.4 %、2 9.0 7%、16 .5 3% ,但是凡纳滨对虾对饲料粗蛋白的表观消化率没有明显地提高 ,凡纳滨对虾对脂肪的表观消化率较低。推算凡纳滨对虾饲料中最佳蜕皮酮添加量为 6 0mg/kg。 相似文献
6.
研究了湛江东海岛3种不同养殖模式虾池弧菌对抗菌药物的耐药性,并对虾池水域环境的水温、盐度、DO、pH、叶绿素a、DOC、无机氮、无机磷、硅酸盐、细菌总数和弧菌数量变化进行了监测和评价。结果表明,调查的三个虾池的弧菌对万古霉素产生耐药性,高位新池和传统精养池的弧菌对利福平产生耐药性,对其他抗菌药尚未形成耐性,3个虾池的弧菌对恩诺沙星和氯霉素高度敏感,传统精养池和天然虾池的弧菌对复方新诺明、庆大霉素、TMP和环丙沙星高度敏感;在水平差异上,高位新池的弧菌比传统精养池和天然虾池对12种抗菌药更具耐药性,同时多重耐药菌株在高位新池中出现,可能与虾苗来源和配合饲料中添加了抗菌药物有关。水质监测结果表明,养殖过程中,虾池水域环境逐渐富营养化,无机氮和Chla超过富营养化阈值,细菌总数增加;两个精养池的水体富营养化程度高于天然虾池;调查期间的弧菌数量在对虾发病的感染剂量阈值范围之内,尚无弧菌病害发生的潜在危险。 相似文献
7.
研究了外源性蜕皮激素对凡纳滨对虾生长和表观消化率的影响，实验时在基础饲料中分别添加0．1％、0．2％、0．4％的两种市售蜕壳素产品，制成6种外源性脱壳素配合饲料，不添加的基础饲料作为对照组，试验在260L玻璃钢循环水养殖系统中，每个剂量组设3个重复，8周生长试验结果表明：市售蜕壳素产品能有效地促进对虾生长，试验结束时，试验组虾体增重分别较对照组增加16．8％、7．52％、5．9％、11．4％、29．07％、16．53％，但是凡纳滨对虾对饲料粗蛋白的表观消化率没有明显地提高，凡纳滨对虾对脂肪的表观消化率较低。推算凡纳滨对虾饲料中最佳蜕皮酮添加量为60mg/kg。 相似文献
8.
我们于 1 998年和 1 999年连续用轮虫代替部分配合饲料进行斑节对虾育苗 ,均取得很好的效果 ,现将我们其中一批育苗的做法、结果及体会报告如下 :1 材料和方法1 .1 育苗时间和地点于 1 999年 2月 2 3日至 4月 1 6日 ,在湛江市南三镇地聚中村虾苗场进行。1 .2 生产用幼体取自从新加坡进口的斑节对虾亲虾经培育产卵孵化所得。1 .3 生产用轮虫褶皱臂尾轮虫。1 .4 生产用水取自然海水 ,不经药物处理 ,经沙滤后使用。海水相对密度 1 .0 1 9～ 1 .0 2 0 ,p H值 8.2。1 .5 生产条件用于轮虫育苗的对虾育苗池 1 2个、每个 40 m3,共 480 m3水… 相似文献
9.
《广东海洋大学学报》2019,(2)
【目的】研究养鱼池、微滤机、臭氧-蛋白质分离器、生化过滤器组成的循环水系统对杂交石斑鱼的养殖效果。【方法】利用低密度(200尾/池)珍珠龙趸养殖的自然微生物对循环水系统进行生物挂膜30 d,使用循环水养殖系统养殖体质量(270.5±4.5)g的杂交石斑鱼[Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (♀)×Epinephelus lanceolatus (♂)](下称"珍珠龙趸")60 d,放养密度2 000尾/池,以相同放养量相同养殖池的流水养殖系统作对照。监测循环水养殖系统的挂膜效果,测定循环水养殖系统和流水养殖系统的氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、化学需氧量、悬浮固体粒子等指标,测定珍珠龙趸的生长状况。【结果】循环水养殖系统生化过滤器内部滤料出现附着菌膜,水质变化趋于稳定,挂膜状况良好,养殖期系统出水氨氮、亚硝酸盐、化学需氧量、固体粒子质量浓度均显著低于流水养殖池(P 0.05),去除率分别为65.93%、48.51%、39.92%、80.61%;经60 d养殖,循环水养殖珍珠龙趸存活率89.25%,养殖密度达35.10 kg/m3,体质量(491.7±16)g,增重率62.23%,特定生长率0.82%,饲料系数1.16,而流水养殖珍珠龙趸存活率88.15%,养殖密度为32.16 kg/m3,体质量(446.4±19) g,增重率48.48%,特定生长率0.71%,饲料系数1.27。【结论】循环水养殖系统水处理效果显著,珍珠龙趸养殖效果良好。 相似文献
10.
波吉卵囊藻培养的生态条件 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
波吉卵囊藻Oocystisborgei是南方对虾高位池作为微藻生态调控改善养殖水环境、防止对虾疾病的一种藻种。对其生态学特性研究结果表明 :其最适生长温度是 2 5～ 3 0℃ ;最适合的海水相密度是1 0 0 8～ 1 0 1 6,在 1 0 0 4～ 1 0 2 0范围均能正常生长 ;最适的pH值范围是 7 5～ 9 0 ;2 4h的光照时间 ,其增殖率最大 ;光照度高于 80 0lx增殖率较好。其种群增长无明显的指数生长期 相似文献
11.
吴序运 《广东海洋大学学报》1995,(1)
１９９０年在潮上带３ｍ的大梅沙养殖场选２８口共１０９００２．４ｍ２虾池进行斑节对虾高产养殖试验。采用提水式供水、虾池小型化、投苗高密度，配备增氧机，精心管养。试验结果获得总产６９５７７．３ｋｇ，平均０．６４ｋｇ／ｍ２，最高１．０１ｋｇ／ｍ２。潮上带提水式高密度精养斑节对虾，具备条件是确实可行的。 相似文献
12.
The effect of four bottom substrates, oyster shell powder (OP), sugarcane bagasse (SB), a mixture of OP and SB (OS) and fresh soil (FS), on the water quality and bacterial and zooplankton density of intensive shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture tanks without water change and the growth performance of cultured shrimp were compared in this study. At the end of a 110 days culturing trial, the total ammonium-N (TAN) of the water on SB and the nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) on OS was significantly lower than that on the other substrates (P<0.05), which coincided with the high density of ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the water on SB and OS, respectively. The concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a) increased slowly on OP, SB and OS but remained low on FS. The density of total bacteria on OP, SB and OS was one order of magnitude higher than that on FS, and the density of zooplankton on SB and OS was significantly higher than that on FS or OP (P<0.05). The improved water quality and increased density of bacteria and zooplankton on SB and OS may have had a synergistic effect on shrimp culture, improving its growth performance (high survival rate and yield and low feed conversion rate). SB and OS were more effective for improving the growth performance of intensively cultured L. vannamei without water change than OP and FS. To our knowledge, this study presents the first evidence regarding the effect of different bottom substrates on intensive shrimp culture. 相似文献
13.
Water quality, nutrient budget, and pollutant loads in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) farms around East Taihu Lake 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
To understand the factors causing frequent outbreaks of harmful algae blooms in the Taihu Lake, China, we studied water quality and nutrient budget in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) farm ponds in the eastern part of the lake from November 2007 to December 2009. We estimated the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loads. Materials input and output ponds, water exchange, and applied management practices of 838.5-hm2 crab ponds were surveyed using questionnaires. Water quality of 12 ponds, which were located no more than 2 km from East Taihu Lake, were monitored. The results show that water quality in the crab ponds was better than reference data. Feeds, including corn seed, commercial feed, trash fish, and gastropod, were the major sources of N and P input in the crab ponds, contributing 88.7% and 94.9%, respectively. In total, 60.5% of N and 37.3% of P were sequestered by macrophytes, and only 15.7% and 8.5% of them were discharged as effluent. The net loads of N and P in effluent were 16.43 kg/hm2/cycle and 2.16 kg/hm2/cycle, respectively, while the COD load was -17.88 kg/hm2/cycle. This indicated that crab farming caused minor negative impact on the trophic status of the lake area, which was attenuated by macrophytes. However, wastewater purification is still necessary in crab faming. 相似文献
14.
珠母贝人工苗养殖研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在不同海区、不同水层养殖珠母贝人工苗,及用不同方法进行养殖小贝。结果表明:在开放性、半开放性、内湾性海区养殖11个月后,珠母贝壳高分别为64.5、51.4、69.8 mm,成活率分别为6.4%、0.8%、0.5%,其生长和成活率具有显著差异(P<0.05);同海区中3m、6m、9m、12m、15m水层养殖11个月后,珠母贝壳高分别为64.5、67.4、62.8、56.9、51.9mm,成活率分别为6.4%、6.8%、8.1%、11.7%、13.9%,随着水层的加深,珠母贝的生长变慢,成活率提高且差异显著(P<0.05);6个月龄小贝用穿耳法、片笼法、锥型笼法养殖5个月后,壳高分别长成56.1、55.7、51.7mm,成活率分别为72.6%、59.9%、51.7%,其生长和成活率具有显著差异(P<0.05)。 相似文献
15.
Marsupenaeusjaponicus Bate is one of the most valuable cultured shrimp species in China and outdoor earthen pond farming is the most common method of culturing this organism. The need to increase soil usage efficiency in aquaculture has been recognized and a great deal of research effort has been directed toward development of super-intensive farming systems. However, current research and development in this field is largely devoted to Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, while to M.japonicus Bate it has been neglected. In this study, a layered fanning system was designed and a 66-day study was conducted in M.japonicus Bate culture. The system comprised bracket and sand layers that divided a shrimp tank filled to a depth of 1.2 m into four water layers. Conventional tank culture （unlayered） was used as a control. The results show that survival rate, feed conversion efficiency and production of M.japonicus Bate in the layered farming system were 68%, 18%, and 0.59 kg/m^2, respectively, all of which are significantly higher than in the unlayered fanning system （P〈0.01）. These findings confirmed the possibility of using a layered system to culture M. japonicus Bate. 相似文献
16.
This paper deals with a new system of aquaculture, i.e., a closed recirculating system for shrimp-mollusk polyculture. The culture system consisted of several shrimp ponds, a mollusk water-purifying pond and a reservoir. During the production cycle, water circulated between the shrimp and mollusk ponds, and the reservoir compensated for water loss from seepage and evaporation. Constricted tagelus, Sinonovacula constricta, was selected as the cultured mollusk, and Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, as the cultured shrimp. The main managing measures during the production cycle were： setting and using the aerators; introducing the probiotic products timely into the shrimp ponds; adopting a “pen-closing” method for controlling shrimp viral epidemics; setting the flow diversion barriers in the mollusk pond to keep the circulating water flowing through the pond along a sine-like curve and serve as substrate for biofilm; no direct feeding was necessary for the cultured mollusk until the co-cultured shrimp was harvested; natural foods in the water from the shrimp ponds was used for their foods. Two sets of the system were used in the experiment in 2002 and satisfactory results were achieved. The average yield of the shrimp was 11 943.5 kg/hm^2, and that of the mollusk was 16 965 kg/hm^2. After converting the mollusk yield into shrimp yield at their market price ratio, the food coefficient of the entire system averaged at as low as 0.81. The water quality in the ponds was maintained at a desirable level and no viral epidemics were discovered during the production cycle. 相似文献
17.
Regulation of water quality and growth characteristics of indoor raceway culture of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litopenaeus vannamei</Emphasis> 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Two modes of regulating the water quality of experimental ponds in indoor raceway culture of Litopenaeus vannamei were evaluated using simple water treatment facilities. A self-made water purifying net, aeration stone, composite microbe
preparation, and Ceratophyllum demersum were placed in the experimental ponds and the culture water was circulated along the raceway inside the pond using a paddle
wheel aerator. In addition, the water quality in the experimental pond was improved by draining effluent from the pipeline
at the bottom of ponds 7 and 8 (mode I) and exchanging the circulating water in pond 10 (mode II) with the reservoir water
in pond 9 using a pump and pipeline. The water quality in the experimental ponds was similar in response to regulation using
mode I or mode II. Water quality parameters in the experimental ponds were controlled within a suitable range by simple facilities
during culture period without using any chemical treatments. The rich content of dissolved oxygen was maintained by the circular
flow and continuous aeration of the pond water. The respective average values of the main water parameters in experimental
ponds 7 and 10 in response to regulation of the water quality using modes I and II were as follows: pH 8.17 and 7.99; DO 5.16
mg/L and 5.97 mg/L; CODMn 18.45 and 12.61 mg/L; TAN (NH3-N) 0.854 mg/L (0.087 mg/L) and 0.427 mg/L (0.012 mg/L); NO2-N 0.489 mg/L and 0.337 mg/L. Moreover, the average body length and body weight of harvested shrimp of pond 7 and pond 10
were 7.56 cm and 8.99 cm, 5.10 g and 8.33 g, respectively. Furthermore, the survival rate, average biomass yield and average
condition factor of the shrimp harvested were 70% and 60%, 2.54 kg/m2 and 2.14 kg/m2, and 0.675 g/cm and 0.927 g/cm, respectively. Linear equations describing the relationship between body length and culture
time and cubic or power functions describing the relationship between body weight and body length were obtained based on evaluation
of the growth data of shrimps throughout the culture period. 相似文献
18.
有效微生物菌群对养虾水体细菌生态和水质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄永春 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,29(1)
研究有效微生物菌群(EM)对养虾水体中异养细菌、弧菌、光合细菌、放线菌的数量以及水体水质的影响。结果表明,在养殖池中添加EM,对水体中的异养细菌、弧菌、光合细菌及放线菌的数量均有显著影响:实验组异养细菌数量比传统对照池减少40.0%,弧菌数量减少7.8%,光合细菌数量增加98.2%,放线菌数量增加99.2%。EM能改良水质条件,与对照组相比,实验组溶解氧提高11.0%,COD降低8.0%,氨氮含量降低20.7%,亚硝酸氮含量降低10.0%。另外,实验组对虾成活率比对照组提高23.08%,饵料系数下降9.4%,利润提高了16.11%。 相似文献
19.
To date, little attention has been paid to the effects of organophosphate esters (OPEs) pollution on aquacultural environment and aquatic product safety. Huanghe (Yellow) River delta area is one of the largest aquaculture centers in China, where ecological security protection is crucial in the national strategy of China. To explore the pollution characteristics, bioaccumulation, and health risks of OPEs in aquaculture farms in the Huanghe River delta and natural water bodies in the adjacent seas, five species of organisms from different farm types nearby the Huanghe River delta, and the corresponding culture water and sediments were sampled in this study. The total concentrations of ∑13OPEs in water, sediments, and organisms were 51.53–272.18 ng/L, 52.63–63.17 ng/g dry weight (dw), and 46.82–108.90 ng/g dw, respectively. Among the five types of culture ponds, the water samples from the swimming crab and hairy crab culture ponds exhibited higher OPEs, the concentration of OPEs in the sediments from the few ponds was relatively balanced, and the OPEs in the organism from the holothurian ponds was higher. Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-isopropyl phosphate) (TDCP) was the main contaminant in water samples and tripropyl phosphate (TPrP) in sediments and organisms. However, trisphenyl phosphate (TPhP) showed the strongest bioaccumulation ability, followed by 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) and TPrP. The bioaccumulation capacities of the five species were as follows: prawn > holothurian > hairy crab > swimming crab > carp. These five types of organisms, as main seafood in human consumption, were at low risk of negative impacts of pollution. However, the risk from the mixture of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) still requires more attention due to the increasing consumption and production in the world.
相似文献20.
研究流沙湾网箱养鱼区水体氮、磷含量的月变化和水平分布,并运用质量平衡方程估算其氮、磷负荷。结果表明:总氮变化在0.212~0.892 mg/L之间,平均0.498 mg/L;总磷变化在0.009~0.036 mg/L之间,平均0.020mg/L;氮磷比变化在23.6~26.1之间,平均为25。在5-9月,氮、磷含量变化呈逐渐增加趋势,到9月达到最大,10月又减少。网箱内部氮、磷的含量高于网箱外部,并随着与网箱距离的增大而逐渐减小。红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanus argentimaculatus)、紫红笛鲷(Trachinotus ovatus)和卵形鲳鲹(Lutjanus erythopterus)全鱼的氮质量分数平均为2.42%,磷质量分数平均为0.26%,饵料系数为6.67,流沙湾网箱养鱼养殖期产生的氮、磷负荷平均分别为135.8和19.4 kg/t。 相似文献