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1.
虾池微藻定向培育及其对养殖环境因子的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用微藻三级扩大培养技术,将在对虾养殖池选育的波吉卵囊藻Oocysits borgei引入凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeusvannamei高位养殖池,并检测养殖环境中微藻群落结构、水质因子、对虾抗病力相关因子、对虾生长情况,研究了以微藻生态调控为主的对虾防病技术。结果表明:养殖前、中、后期,波吉卵囊藻平均生物量占浮游植物总生物量分别为98.02%、78.89%和45.12%,成为虾池中的绝对优势种;作为优势种的持续时间长达77 d。波吉卵囊藻为主的微藻群落控制的水质较稳定,实验池氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度较对照池低。对虾的血细胞数、溶菌(LSZ)活力、抗菌活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酚氧化酶(PO)均显著高于对照池(P<0.05);血清蛋白含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验池对虾生长速度显著高于对照池(P<0.05)。可见,通过微藻的定向培育方法来优化虾池微藻群落结构,可改善养殖环境。 相似文献
2.
采用微藻三级扩大培养技术，将在对虾养殖池选育的波吉卵囊藻Oocysits borgei引入凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei高位养殖池，并检测养殖环境中微藻群落结构、水质因子、对虾抗病力相关因子、对虾生长情况，研究了以微藻生态调控为主的对虾防病技术。结果表明：养殖前、中、后期，波吉卵囊藻平均生物量占浮游植物总生物量分别为98．02％、78．89％和45．12％，成为虾池中的绝对优势种；作为优势种的持续时间长达77d。波吉卵囊藻为主的微藻群落控制的水质较稳定，实验池氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度较对照池低。对虾的血细胞数、溶菌（LSZ）活力、抗菌活力、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和酚氧化酶（PO）均显著高于对照池（P〈0．05）；血清蛋白含量差异不显著（P〉0．05）。实验池对虾生长速度显著高于对照池（P〈0．05）。可见，通过微藻的定向培育方法来优化虾池微藻群落结构，可改善养殖环境。 相似文献
3.
对凡纳滨对虾高位养殖池水质环境状况进行了研究。结果表明,养殖期间虾池水体透明度前期较高,中后期较低;虾池pH变化在7.89~9.02之间,变化幅度较小。虾池水体悬浮物数量和CODMn随养殖时间延长而持续升高,变化范围分别为18.5~162.3 mg/L和3.52~14.58 mg/L。虾池水体中营养盐各月份波动较大,无机氮的数量变化在0.206~1.621 mg/L之间,含量逐渐升高,磷酸盐数量变化在0.009~0.067 mg/L之间,含量逐渐下降。水环境中N、P比较高,平均为62.7。养殖水体中后期处于严重富营养化状态。 相似文献
4.
有效微生物菌群对养虾水体细菌生态和水质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄永春 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,29(1)
研究有效微生物菌群(EM)对养虾水体中异养细菌、弧菌、光合细菌、放线菌的数量以及水体水质的影响。结果表明,在养殖池中添加EM,对水体中的异养细菌、弧菌、光合细菌及放线菌的数量均有显著影响:实验组异养细菌数量比传统对照池减少40.0%,弧菌数量减少7.8%,光合细菌数量增加98.2%,放线菌数量增加99.2%。EM能改良水质条件,与对照组相比,实验组溶解氧提高11.0%,COD降低8.0%,氨氮含量降低20.7%,亚硝酸氮含量降低10.0%。另外,实验组对虾成活率比对照组提高23.08%,饵料系数下降9.4%,利润提高了16.11%。 相似文献
5.
对凡纳滨对虾高位养殖池水质环境状况进行了研究。结果表明，养殖期间虾池水体透明度前期较高，中后期较低；虾池pH变化在7．89-9．02之间，变化幅度较小。虾池水体悬浮物数量和CODMn随养殖时间延长而持续升高，变化范围分别为18．5—162．3mCL和3．52-14．58mg／L。虾池水体中营养盐各月份波动较大。无机氮的数量变化在0．206—1．621mg/L之间，含量逐渐升高，磷酸盐数量变化在0．009-0．067mg／L之间，含量逐渐下降。水环境中N、P比较高，平均为62．7。养殖水体中后期处于严重富营养化状态。 相似文献
6.
针对目前大批低产老化虾池的改造和可持续生产的问题,设计了一个自然生态养虾新模式。利用长期不能清淤的低产老化虾池和已造成生态失衡的虾池,实行疏放苗,精管理,综合利用、立体开发,混养、轮养。试验结果表明,养殖周期为 ８０～９０ ｄ,对虾成活率６０．５％ ～７６％ ,体长达１０．１～１３．２ ｃｍ ,平均体重 １７．２～１９．２ ｇ／尾,饵料系数 ０．７７～０．８０,平均产量 ６４５～７８０ ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２,鲻鱼产量 ４２０～４６５ ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２ 。整个养殖过程虾池的各种水质理化因子基本符合要求,从而使对虾养殖在一种相对稳定的生态环境中进行 相似文献
7.
在大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)工厂化养殖废水中接种繁茂膜海绵(Hymeniacidon perleve),并将繁茂膜海绵与大菱鲆同池养殖,研究繁茂膜海绵对大菱鲆工厂化养鱼水体微生物的净化作用。结果表明,接种量为7 mg/L繁茂膜海绵经过8、16、24、32、40、48 h对养鱼废水中细菌总数的清除率分别为23.18%、47.65%、66.09%、81.57%、93.80%、98.96%;对弧菌的清除率分别为48.61%、56.44%、78.13%、92.88%、97.10%、98.56%;对大肠杆菌的清除率分别为39.51%、41.90%、73.24%、92.29%、97.69%、99.14%,将繁茂膜海绵以7 mg/L的生物量与大菱鲆同池养殖24 h,水体中细菌总数、弧菌和大肠杆菌的清除率分别为61.38%、50.34%、93.47%。 相似文献
8.
建立了一种虾、鱼、贝、藻多池循环水生态养殖及水质生物调控系统 ,该系统包括对虾养殖、鱼类养殖、贝类养殖、大型海藻栽培等 4个功能不同的养殖区 ,1个水处理区及 1个应急排水渠。通过在封闭循环系统内不同池塘中放养生态位互补的经济动植物 ,对虾池水质环境进行生物调控。结果表明 ,循环系统内虾池水层悬浮物数量、COD值、氨态氮含量比对照组单养对虾池明显降低 (t检验 ,P <0 .0 1)。养殖后排放水不处于富营养化状态 (E <1)。投入每千克对虾饲料生产0 .6 6 7kg对虾 ,同时生产 0 .0 37kg罗非鱼、0 .738kg牡蛎、0 .4 37kg江蓠 ,饲料利用率和经济效益显著增加。该养殖模式还具有防病性、环保性、高效性等优点 相似文献
9.
《广东海洋大学学报》2017,(4)
2016年4月23日至7月12日对地膜精养及普通土池模式下凡纳滨对虾池塘水体的主要理化因子进行跟踪监测,研究不同养殖模式对水质变化的影响。结果表明,2种养殖模式下池塘水体的p H和DO均随养殖时间的延长逐渐下降,地膜池与普通土池相比p H无统计学意义(P>0.05),但30 d起地膜池DO含量高于土池(P<0.05);地膜池和土池的COD、氨氮、亚硝酸盐和磷酸盐的含量总体上均呈上升趋势,但土池亚硝酸盐含量在养殖后期(70~90 d)迅速下降。 相似文献
10.
凡纳滨对虾常见养殖模式下养殖后期浮游植物及理化因子的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对凡纳滨对虾几种常见养殖模式后期的浮游植物及理化因子进行了调查研究,结果表明,浮游植物的群落特征因养殖模式、养殖时间、不同的环境条件等原因变化很大,其群落组成由最少的11种到最多的28种不等;其优势种与次优势种中以蓝藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门为主,甲藻门、裸藻门偶有出现,主要优势种有小环藻、波吉卵囊藻、中肋骨条藻、颤藻、林氏藻、裸甲藻、胶球藻、小席藻、腔球藻等,浮游植物群落的生物多样性由高至低依次为高位池分级精养模式、海水土池粗养模式、低盐度养殖模式、咸淡水半精养模式、工厂化集约养殖模式、高位池集约养殖模式,多样性指数与优势度呈显著的负相关,而与均匀度呈显著的正相关。细胞密度485.9×104~35459.8×104L-1,在高密度精养模式中,浮游植物的密度与无机氮、硫化氢含量的变化在早期呈负相关,在后期则几乎同步增长;在低密度养殖模式中,浮游植物的密度与无机氮、硫化氢含量的变化始终呈负相关。各养殖模式pH值的变化与浮游植物的密度呈正相关。综合分析表明,高密度养殖宜采用高位池分级精养模式,低密度养殖宜采用海水土池粗养模式。 相似文献
11.
根据2003年7月台风发生期间工厂化虾池生态系中的实测数据,重点分析了不同养成密度虾池生态系中COD的变化状况及其影响因素。结果表明:台风气候对虾池生态系中COD的影响较大,台风发生时COD含量相对较高,台风前后相对较低;台风气候对COD周日变化的影响以养成密度大的养殖池较为显著,养成密度小的养殖池则影响较小;COD与环境因子之间的相关性差异也较大,台风前,养成密度大的养殖池与NO2-呈显著正相关(r=0.668),与T和Chl.a呈负相关关系(r=-0.608或r=-0.633);台风后与PO4-P、NH4+和Chl.a之间则表现的显著正相关(r=0.907、0.832、0.846)。而养成密度低的养殖池,台风前COD与pH呈显著负相关(r=-0.732),台风后与PO4-P和NO2-分别呈显著正相关(r=0.720)和良好正相关(r=0.591)。但在台风发生时,二池均无此类相关性出现。 相似文献
12.
吴序运 《广东海洋大学学报》1995,(1)
１９９０年在潮上带３ｍ的大梅沙养殖场选２８口共１０９００２．４ｍ２虾池进行斑节对虾高产养殖试验。采用提水式供水、虾池小型化、投苗高密度，配备增氧机，精心管养。试验结果获得总产６９５７７．３ｋｇ，平均０．６４ｋｇ／ｍ２，最高１．０１ｋｇ／ｍ２。潮上带提水式高密度精养斑节对虾，具备条件是确实可行的。 相似文献
13.
红海湾水产养殖示范区水质综合评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
红海湾是广东省非常重要的海水养殖示范区。为了维系和保护红海湾规模化水产养殖示范区的优良生态环境 ,1 997年 4月至 1 998年 1 2月对红海湾水域水质的时空变化趋势和质量状况进行了研究与评价。结果表明 ,红海湾海水综合质量总体上处于相对清洁水平 ,但浅海养殖区和长沙湾养殖区有机污染明显 ,分别达富营养化和高富营养化程度。DIN和IP是水质富营养化的主要因素 ,而石油类、Cu、COD是重点控制的优先污染物。 相似文献
14.
This paper deals with a new system of aquaculture, i.e., a closed recirculating system for shrimp-mollusk polyculture. The culture system consisted of several shrimp ponds, a mollusk water-purifying pond and a reservoir. During the production cycle, water circulated between the shrimp and mollusk ponds, and the reservoir compensated for water loss from seepage and evaporation. Constricted tagelus, Sinonovacula constricta, was selected as the cultured mollusk, and Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, as the cultured shrimp. The main managing measures during the production cycle were： setting and using the aerators; introducing the probiotic products timely into the shrimp ponds; adopting a “pen-closing” method for controlling shrimp viral epidemics; setting the flow diversion barriers in the mollusk pond to keep the circulating water flowing through the pond along a sine-like curve and serve as substrate for biofilm; no direct feeding was necessary for the cultured mollusk until the co-cultured shrimp was harvested; natural foods in the water from the shrimp ponds was used for their foods. Two sets of the system were used in the experiment in 2002 and satisfactory results were achieved. The average yield of the shrimp was 11 943.5 kg/hm^2, and that of the mollusk was 16 965 kg/hm^2. After converting the mollusk yield into shrimp yield at their market price ratio, the food coefficient of the entire system averaged at as low as 0.81. The water quality in the ponds was maintained at a desirable level and no viral epidemics were discovered during the production cycle. 相似文献
15.
Ciliated protozoa play important roles in micro-ecosystems, especially in marine biotopes. However, few studies have been carried out on the periphytic, or aufwuch, forms in mariculture waters so far. In this study, we sampled periphytic ciliate communities in two closed mariculture ponds (ponds CP1 and CP2) and a natural seawater reservoir (pond RP) using a glass slide method to evaluate their colonizing processes and general ecological features, as well as their application as water quality indicators. We analyzed species compositions, structural parameters (species number, richness, diversity, evenness, abundance and dBP) and functional parameters (G, Seq and T90%). Pond RP was characterized by higher levels of structural parameters (except for abundance and dBP) and more equal proportion of the major taxonomic groups. The values of Seq were significantly higher in pond RP and similar in both pond CP1 and CP2. It was also demonstrated that environmental factors, including NO2-H, NO3-H, NH3-H, soluble reactive phosphate, temperature and pH, were the first principal factors affecting the communities. Among them, temperature and chemical factors were all significantly and negatively correlated with species number (P<0.01), richness (P<0.01), diversity (P<0.01), and positive correlated with abundance (P<0.01). Opposite correlations between pH and structural parameters were observed. This study showed that there were significant differences in species composition, structural parameters and functional parameters of the periphytic ciliate communities among the ponds, which were in agreement with the water quality. Results of this study confirmed the periphytic ciliate communities to be useful bioindicators of water quality in intensive mariculture waters. 相似文献
16.
在实验池投放一定数量的生物刷和生物球等生物滤料,研究其对翘嘴红鲌生长、池塘水质及细菌变化等的影响。结果表明:与对照池相比,实验池翘嘴红鲌生长有增加趋势,对池塘水温、pH、DO、TP、H2S等指标无显著影响(P>0.05),但是在30 d时水体COD显著降低(P<0.05);在90 d时NH4-N显著降低(P<0.05);在60 d和90 d时NO2-N显著降低(P<0.05);与对照池相比,在30 d时实验池水样与生物球中异养菌的数量显著增加(P<0.05);在30、60 d时,实验池生物刷中异养菌的数量显著增加(P<0.05);在90 d时实验池水样、生物球、生物刷氨化细菌、反硝化细菌的数量显著增加(P<0.05);实验池水样、生物球分别在30、90 d时弧菌数量显著降低(P<0.05)。表明生物滤料可增加池塘的异养菌、氨化细菌、反硝化细菌数量,降低水体弧菌数量,一定程度上改善养殖水体,促进鱼体生长。 相似文献
17.
The ecological processes and interrelationships between protists,either autotrophic or heterotrophic,and environmental factors in mariculture ponds are largely unknown.This study investigated the temporal dynamics of potentially harmful dinoflagellate,Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller,and its relationship to physico-chemical factors and protozoan grazers over a complete cycle in a semi-enclosed shrimp-farming pond near Qingdao,Northern China.P.minimum occurred frequently in low numbers from June to ... 相似文献
18.
Stable isotope methods can be used to determine the food sources and prey items of aquatic organisms accurately andreliably.This study examined the relative contribution of artificial foods (the formulated feed and Artemia) and natural foods toshrimp growth in an intensive Fenneropenaeus chinensis pond by using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes.The results showed that the nutrition utilization efficiency of the harvested shrimp was low,only 33.18% of feed nitrogen and 21.73% of feed carbon beingconverted to shrimp flesh.Our stable isotope results showed that the shrimp obtained nutrition for maximum growth from artificialfoods,whose contribution was 93.5%,with the remaining attributed to the natural foods.However,there was 0.94 t harvested shrimpderived from natural foods (the rest of 13.56t harvested shrimp derived from artificial foods) in lha intensive pond with a shrimpproduction of 14.50 tha-1.Therefore,unit area shrimp production can be increased by increasing the contribution proportion of natu-ral foods in intensive shrimp farming. 相似文献
19.
20.
Stable isotope methods can be used to determine the food sources and prey items of aquatic organisms accurately and reliably.
This study examined the relative contribution of artificial foods (the formulated feed and Artemia) and natural foods to shrimp growth in an intensive Fenneropenaeus chinensis pond by using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. The results showed that the nutrition utilization efficiency of the harvested
shrimp was low, only 33.18% of feed nitrogen and 21.73% of feed carbon being converted to shrimp flesh. Our stable isotope
results showed that the shrimp obtained nutrition for maximum growth from artificial foods, whose contribution was 93.5%,
with the remaining attributed to the natural foods. However, there was 0.94 t harvested shrimp derived from natural foods
(the rest of 13.56 t harvested shrimp derived from artificial foods) in 1ha intensive pond with a shrimp production of 14.50
t ha−1. Therefore, unit area shrimp production can be increased by increasing the contribution proportion of natural foods in intensive
shrimp farming. 相似文献