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1.
根据2003年7月台风发生期间工厂化虾池生态系中的实测数据，重点分析了不同养成密度虾池生态系中COD的变化状况及其影响因素。结果表明：台风气候对虾池生态系中COD的影响较大，台风发生时COD含量相对较高，台风前后相对较低；台风气候对COD周日变化的影响以养成密度大的养殖池较为显著，养成密度小的养殖池则影响较小；COD与环境因子之间的相关性差异也较大，台风前，养成密度大的养殖池与NO2^-呈显著正相关（r=0．668），与T和Chl．a呈负相关关系（r=-0．608或r=-0．633）；台风后与PO4-P、NH4^＋和Chl．a之间则表现的显著正相关（r=0．907、0．832、0．846）。而养成密度低的养殖池，台风前COD与pH呈显著负相关（r=-0．732），台风后与PO4-P和NO2^-分别呈显著正相关（r=0．720）和良好正相关（r=0．591）。但在台风发生时，二池均无此类相关性出现。 相似文献
2.
对珠海凡纳滨对虾淡水养殖池塘浮游植物及其理化因子进行了调查和分析,结果表明:调查中共检出浮游植物143种,优势种主要有林氏藻、螺旋鱼腥藻、小颤藻、微囊藻和点状平裂藻等,物种多样性指数在0.24~2.77之间,优势度与多样性指数呈显著的负相关,相关系数r=-0.984;而均匀度与多样性指数呈显著的正相关,相关系数r=0.967,养殖后期优势度不高,浮游植物的密度及化学因子的浓度到后期都有所上升,藻类密度的剧烈变化会引起氨氮和硫化氢含量的变化;藻类密度的波动滞后于无机氮的波动,群落演替具有突发性、时间短、速度快等特点。 相似文献
3.
对珠海凡纳滨对虾淡水养殖池塘浮游植物及其理化因子进行了调查和分析．结果表明：调查中共检出浮游植物143种．优势种主要有林氏藻、螺旋鱼腥藻、小颤藻、微囊藻和点状平裂藻等．物种多样性指数在0．24～2．77之间．优势度与多样性指数呈显著的负相关．相关系数r=-0．984；而均匀度与多样性指数呈显著的正相关．相关系数r=0．967．养殖后期优势度不高。浮游植物的密度及化学因子的浓度到后期都有所上升．藻类密度的剧烈变化会引起氨氮和硫化氢含量的变化；藻类密度的波动滞后于无机氮的波动。群落演替具有突发性、时间短、速度快等特点。 相似文献
4.
《广东海洋大学学报》2014,(6)
利用2008~2011年共6个航次调查数据,对雷州半岛近岸海域关键水质环境因子进行时空分析,并采用富营养指数法对该海域水质环境进行了评价,结果表明:该海域近几年COD、PO4-P、NO2-N、NO3-N、NH4-N、石油类、叶绿素浓度等关键水质因子的均值变化范围分别为0.61~1.71 mg/L、0.01~0.04 mg/L、0.004~0.05 mg/L、0.05~0.21 mg/L、0.02~0.20 mg/L、0.01~0.60 mg/L、1.16~3.17μg/L。该海域COD、石油类污染程度较低,而PO4-P、无机氮污染程度高、污染风险大。半岛东部海域污染程度高于西部海域,尤其是湛江港、雷州湾及半岛东北海域呈高富营养化水平。 相似文献
5.
利用北京市GPS连续观测资料结合气象资料开展GPS水汽与气象要素的相关性分析。首先使用GAMIT软件解算2009-06-01~2012-04-30的北京GPS连续观测网观测数据并结合气压数据获得测站水汽序列;然后用小波变换方法对GPS水汽、温度和气压数据进行分解与重构,并对重构后的数据进行相关性分析。GPS水汽序列的变化趋势与温度呈显著正相关,与气压呈显著负相关。水汽和气压存在年周期和半年周期变化,两者存在显著负相关特性;温度有年周期变化,水汽和温度在d13重构结果的相关性最好,存在显著正相关特性。 相似文献
6.
Characteristics of nutrients in the Jiulong River and its impact on Xiamen Water, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Water samples were collected at 20 sites on 4 occasions in 2009(twice in May,and once in both August and November) along the Jiulong River,South China to examine how nutrient inputs from the Jiulong River could affect the nutrient status of the Xiamen Water.Samples were analyzed for nitrite(NO2-N),nitrate(NO3-N),ammonium(NH4-N),phosphate(PO4-P),silicate(SiO3-Si),salinity,and temperature,to determine the nutrient and trophic status of the river.The results indicate that nutrients are derived mainly from river runoff.NO3-N was the main form of DIN in most parts of the river.In addition,NO3-N,DIN,and SiO3-Si behave conservatively.There is a surplus of DIN and SiO3-Si in the river,and PO4-P is a limitation on phytoplankton growth.The concentration of DIN is typically above 0.60 mg/dm3,and higher than 1.00 mg/dm3in most parts of the river.The concentration of PO4-P is typically above 0.02 mg/dm3,while the concentration of SiO3-Si is higher than 1.00 mg/dm3.Between 2003 and 2008,samples were collected 3 times per year(May,August and November) at 27 sites in the Xiamen Water and analyzed for NO2-N,NO3-N,NH4-N,PO4-P,salinity,and temperature.We discovered that the Jiulong River was the key source of DIN into the Xiamen Water,but not PO4-P,indicating the reason of the N/P molar ratio imbalance in the Xiamen Water.In the future,the effects of high DIN concentrations on the phytoplankton communities and marine ecosystems of the Xiamen Water shall be studied. 相似文献
7.
《广东海洋大学学报》2019,(6)
【目的】研究三沙湾海水增养殖区溶解氧的动态变化及有机污染状况。【方法】利用2014年三沙湾水质的监测结果,分析调查区表层溶解氧变化特征,以及与水温、无机氮、活性磷酸盐之间的相关性,采用单因子指数法和有机污染指数法分别对调查区溶解氧和有机污染进行评价。【结果与结论】调查区内共布设9个水质监测站位,于2014年1、5、8、9、10月分别采集调查区的表层水样。调查区溶解氧质量浓度在4.44～8.60 mg/L之间,平均值为6.29 mg/L,除8月有2站次和9月有5站次的测值处于三类海水水质标准外,其余均处于一、二类海水水质标准水平;溶解氧季节变化明显呈冬季>春季>秋季>夏季的变化规律,平面分布总体呈西北部高,东南部低的变化特征;结合历史资料分析长期变化趋势,溶解氧总体呈现下降趋势,尤其在2000年下降幅度较为明显,这跟三沙湾沿岸带的经济发展对环境影响有关;溶解氧与水温之间呈现极为显著(r=-0.9464)的负相关关系,与无机氮和硝酸盐氮之间均呈现极为显著(r=0.827 5,r=0.821 3)的正相关关系,与活性磷酸盐之间呈现显著(r=0.5413)的正相关关系,说明水温是影响溶解氧变化的首要因子,无机氮和硝酸盐氮以及活性磷酸盐也是影响溶解氧变化的重要因子;从单因子指数来看,在整个调查期间溶解氧污染指数大于1.0的达到15.6%,说明该站点水质已受该因子污染;从有机污染指数来看,调查区水质状况处在开始受到污染状态。 相似文献
8.
虾池微藻定向培育及其对养殖环境因子的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用微藻三级扩大培养技术,将在对虾养殖池选育的波吉卵囊藻Oocysits borgei引入凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeusvannamei高位养殖池,并检测养殖环境中微藻群落结构、水质因子、对虾抗病力相关因子、对虾生长情况,研究了以微藻生态调控为主的对虾防病技术。结果表明:养殖前、中、后期,波吉卵囊藻平均生物量占浮游植物总生物量分别为98.02%、78.89%和45.12%,成为虾池中的绝对优势种;作为优势种的持续时间长达77 d。波吉卵囊藻为主的微藻群落控制的水质较稳定,实验池氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度较对照池低。对虾的血细胞数、溶菌(LSZ)活力、抗菌活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和酚氧化酶(PO)均显著高于对照池(P<0.05);血清蛋白含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验池对虾生长速度显著高于对照池(P<0.05)。可见,通过微藻的定向培育方法来优化虾池微藻群落结构,可改善养殖环境。 相似文献
9.
2013年1~12月对湖光岩玛珥湖水体的叶绿素a和水质因子进行周年的逐月监测,探讨叶绿素a与水质因子的相关关系,并应用修正的卡尔森营养状态指数(TSI)对该湖泊的营养状态进行分析评价。结果表明,湖光岩玛珥湖水体叶绿素a含量的变化范围为1.08~4.22μg·L-1。氮磷比年均值为20.9,磷为营养限制因子,氮、磷共同限制浮游植物的生长。影响叶绿素a含量的主动因子与叶绿素a之间的Pearson相关系数大小关系为:r(NH4+-N)r(DO)r(NO2--N)r(TP)r(TN)r(NO3--N),其中NH4+-N与叶绿素a含量呈极显著正相关,r(NH4+-N)=0.907,NH4+-N为调控该湖泊浮游植物生长最关键的水质因子。水体TSI值的全年变化范围为34.6~48.0,其中1、2、3月的TSI37,属贫营养型;而其他月份为38TSI53,属中营养型;从全年分布来看,湖光岩玛珥湖属贫-中营养型。 相似文献
10.
基于中国热带气旋年鉴资料,从气候学角度出发,对西北太平洋TC(热带气旋)发生温带变性的频数与大尺度环流系统间的关系进行了诊断和分析.研究发现变性TC多发生于夏、秋两季,通过对NCEP月平均再分析资料的500hPa高度场进行EOF分解,发现西北太平洋TC变性的频数与65°N附近强冷高压系统在夏、秋两季都存在着正相关关系,且相关性在秋季高于夏季;与30°N附近强副热带高压系统存在负相关关系,夏季副热带高压系统的作用更大;与30°N以南西北太平洋多台风活动区域的弱低压存在显著的负相关,低压越弱,对流越弱,则TC的生成数越少,其中发生变性的TC数也会减少.500hPa高度场EOF分解的第一特征向量所对应的时间函数分布在20世纪70年代中期前后出现了反号,较好地对应了变性TC年频数的年际变化趋势,70年代中期之前变性TC呈总体偏多,之后变性TC的频数总体偏少,呈明显下降趋势. 相似文献
11.
研究了湛江东海岛3种不同养殖模式虾池弧菌对抗菌药物的耐药性,并对虾池水域环境的水温、盐度、DO、pH、叶绿素a、DOC、无机氮、无机磷、硅酸盐、细菌总数和弧菌数量变化进行了监测和评价。结果表明,调查的三个虾池的弧菌对万古霉素产生耐药性,高位新池和传统精养池的弧菌对利福平产生耐药性,对其他抗菌药尚未形成耐性,3个虾池的弧菌对恩诺沙星和氯霉素高度敏感,传统精养池和天然虾池的弧菌对复方新诺明、庆大霉素、TMP和环丙沙星高度敏感;在水平差异上,高位新池的弧菌比传统精养池和天然虾池对12种抗菌药更具耐药性,同时多重耐药菌株在高位新池中出现,可能与虾苗来源和配合饲料中添加了抗菌药物有关。水质监测结果表明,养殖过程中,虾池水域环境逐渐富营养化,无机氮和Chla超过富营养化阈值,细菌总数增加;两个精养池的水体富营养化程度高于天然虾池;调查期间的弧菌数量在对虾发病的感染剂量阈值范围之内,尚无弧菌病害发生的潜在危险。 相似文献
12.
对矩形虾池在水车式增氧机作用下产生的环流特点进行理论分析,结果表明,在转角处会形成涡旋,边壁附近在一定条件下会产生回流;利用ANSYS软件的FLOTRANCFD进行数值计算,获得与理论分析一致的结果,与现场实际情况吻合。并进一步对虾池阻力进行分析,提出了一些减阻措施。 相似文献
13.
凡纳滨对虾与金钱鱼混养模式水质理化因子及浮游生物群落结构的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)与金钱鱼(Scatophagus argus)混养池塘和凡纳滨对虾单养池塘为研究对象,对两池塘水体的理化因子及浮游生物进行测定。结果显示:混养池塘水体的溶解氧与单养池塘相比均无显著性差异;混养和单养池塘的化学需氧量(COD)、亚硝酸盐和氨氮的含量在实验过程中均呈现持续上升趋势,但混养池上升趋势较缓,两池塘的上述指标在养殖前期差异不显著,养殖后期有显著差异(P<0.05)。在养殖后期,混养池塘的浮游植物丰度显著大于单养池塘(P<0.05),而浮游动物丰度显著低于单养池塘(P<0.05)。结果表明,混养金钱鱼可有效改善凡纳滨对虾精养池塘的水质,降低亚硝酸盐、氨氮及COD的含量,稳定浮游植物种群结构,控制池塘中浮游动物的过度繁殖。 相似文献
14.
The effect of four bottom substrates, oyster shell powder (OP), sugarcane bagasse (SB), a mixture of OP and SB (OS) and fresh soil (FS), on the water quality and bacterial and zooplankton density of intensive shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture tanks without water change and the growth performance of cultured shrimp were compared in this study. At the end of a 110 days culturing trial, the total ammonium-N (TAN) of the water on SB and the nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) on OS was significantly lower than that on the other substrates (P<0.05), which coincided with the high density of ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the water on SB and OS, respectively. The concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a) increased slowly on OP, SB and OS but remained low on FS. The density of total bacteria on OP, SB and OS was one order of magnitude higher than that on FS, and the density of zooplankton on SB and OS was significantly higher than that on FS or OP (P<0.05). The improved water quality and increased density of bacteria and zooplankton on SB and OS may have had a synergistic effect on shrimp culture, improving its growth performance (high survival rate and yield and low feed conversion rate). SB and OS were more effective for improving the growth performance of intensively cultured L. vannamei without water change than OP and FS. To our knowledge, this study presents the first evidence regarding the effect of different bottom substrates on intensive shrimp culture. 相似文献
15.
Monoculture of sea cucumber (pond S) and polyculture of shrimp with sea cucumber (pond SS) were established to evaluate the effect of shrimp on the environmental conditions of sea cucumber farming pond. Contributions of sediment organic matter (SOM2) resuspended from benthic sediment and the suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) deposited from the water column to the precipitated organic matter (SOM1) collected with sediment traps were estimated with carbon stable isotope analysis. The results showed that the levels of SPOM and SOM2 in pond SS significantly decreased in comparison with those in pond S at the end of experiment (P < 0.05), indicating that co-culturing shrimp in sea cucumber farming pond could purify the farming water. Carbon stable isotope analysis showed that the proportion of SOM2 in SOM1 in pond SS (84.97% ± 0.38%) was significantly lower than that in pond S (95.20% ± 0.30%) (P < 0.05), suggesting that the resuspension of organic matter from benthic sediment into overlying water was reduced in polyculture pond. In contrast, the proportion of SPOM in SOM1 in pond SS (15.03% ± 0.38%) was significantly higher than that in pond S (4.80% ± 0.30%) (P < 0.05), indicating that the sedimentation of SPOM from water column was enhanced in pond SS owing to the biodeposition effect of shrimp. 相似文献
16.
Stable isotope methods can be used to determine the food sources and prey items of aquatic organisms accurately andreliably.This study examined the relative contribution of artificial foods (the formulated feed and Artemia) and natural foods toshrimp growth in an intensive Fenneropenaeus chinensis pond by using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes.The results showed that the nutrition utilization efficiency of the harvested shrimp was low,only 33.18% of feed nitrogen and 21.73% of feed carbon beingconverted to shrimp flesh.Our stable isotope results showed that the shrimp obtained nutrition for maximum growth from artificialfoods,whose contribution was 93.5%,with the remaining attributed to the natural foods.However,there was 0.94 t harvested shrimpderived from natural foods (the rest of 13.56t harvested shrimp derived from artificial foods) in lha intensive pond with a shrimpproduction of 14.50 tha-1.Therefore,unit area shrimp production can be increased by increasing the contribution proportion of natu-ral foods in intensive shrimp farming. 相似文献
17.
Stable isotope methods can be used to determine the food sources and prey items of aquatic organisms accurately and reliably.
This study examined the relative contribution of artificial foods (the formulated feed and Artemia) and natural foods to shrimp growth in an intensive Fenneropenaeus chinensis pond by using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. The results showed that the nutrition utilization efficiency of the harvested
shrimp was low, only 33.18% of feed nitrogen and 21.73% of feed carbon being converted to shrimp flesh. Our stable isotope
results showed that the shrimp obtained nutrition for maximum growth from artificial foods, whose contribution was 93.5%,
with the remaining attributed to the natural foods. However, there was 0.94 t harvested shrimp derived from natural foods
(the rest of 13.56 t harvested shrimp derived from artificial foods) in 1ha intensive pond with a shrimp production of 14.50
t ha−1. Therefore, unit area shrimp production can be increased by increasing the contribution proportion of natural foods in intensive
shrimp farming. 相似文献
18.
线纹尖塘鳢的胚后发育大致分为仔鱼、稚鱼、幼鱼和成鱼期。初孵仔鱼仅2.875mm。前期仔鱼混合营养期短,仅2～3d。后期仔鱼为器官发育、奇鳍条基本形成期,历时10d,平均全长从4.31mm增至8.97mm。稚鱼为器官分化完毕,奇偶鳍条分节、鳞被形成期,历时27～29d,长至平均全长27.79mm。早期幼鱼鳞被等发育完善,进入生长时期。仔鱼开口饵料为150～200μm轮虫,其摄饵大小与口宽呈正相关。15mm后稚鱼可驯饵摄食人工混合料。对仔、稚、幼鱼的生长测定结果显示,全长与日龄呈线性关系L=0.5289t-0.7354(r2=0.9720),体重与日龄呈指数函数关系,W=0.8236e0.1267t(r2=0.9611),全长与体重呈幂函数关系,曲线回归方程W=0.0045L3.2527,b=3.2527,属匀速生长型。采用池塘培水,添加外源饵料生物系列,稚鱼全长15mm时开始驯饵。2002-2005年共培育全长2.2～3.4cm早期幼鱼523.7万尾,仔鱼培育成15mm稚鱼的成活率为26.8%,培育成早期幼鱼的成活率为75.7%。 相似文献
19.
吴序运 《广东海洋大学学报》1995,(1)
１９９０年在潮上带３ｍ的大梅沙养殖场选２８口共１０９００２．４ｍ２虾池进行斑节对虾高产养殖试验。采用提水式供水、虾池小型化、投苗高密度，配备增氧机，精心管养。试验结果获得总产６９５７７．３ｋｇ，平均０．６４ｋｇ／ｍ２，最高１．０１ｋｇ／ｍ２。潮上带提水式高密度精养斑节对虾，具备条件是确实可行的。 相似文献
20.
This paper deals with a new system of aquaculture, i.e., a closed recirculating system for shrimp-mollusk polyculture. The culture system consisted of several shrimp ponds, a mollusk water-purifying pond and a reservoir. During the production cycle, water circulated between the shrimp and mollusk ponds, and the reservoir compensated for water loss from seepage and evaporation. Constricted tagelus, Sinonovacula constricta, was selected as the cultured mollusk, and Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, as the cultured shrimp. The main managing measures during the production cycle were： setting and using the aerators; introducing the probiotic products timely into the shrimp ponds; adopting a “pen-closing” method for controlling shrimp viral epidemics; setting the flow diversion barriers in the mollusk pond to keep the circulating water flowing through the pond along a sine-like curve and serve as substrate for biofilm; no direct feeding was necessary for the cultured mollusk until the co-cultured shrimp was harvested; natural foods in the water from the shrimp ponds was used for their foods. Two sets of the system were used in the experiment in 2002 and satisfactory results were achieved. The average yield of the shrimp was 11 943.5 kg/hm^2, and that of the mollusk was 16 965 kg/hm^2. After converting the mollusk yield into shrimp yield at their market price ratio, the food coefficient of the entire system averaged at as low as 0.81. The water quality in the ponds was maintained at a desirable level and no viral epidemics were discovered during the production cycle. 相似文献