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长三角城市群表面城市热岛日内逐时变化规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地球科学进展》2017,(2)
表面城市热岛多时间尺度变化的遥感研究已取得了阶段性进展。然而,受限于热红外遥感模型与数据的不足,目前典型城市群表面城市热岛的日内逐时变化规律仍不清楚。以MODIS(Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer)遥感影像为主要数据源,结合地表温度日内变化INA08模型,率先模拟并分析了长三角城市群在夏、冬两季的表面城市热岛空间格局与热岛强度的逐时变化特征。结果表明:在夏季,日内所有城市整体而言均呈现热岛效应,但由于城市植被或水体的降温作用,白天至上半夜(08:00~21:00)部分城市存在相对"冷点",而这些"冷点"在21:00之后基本消失。此季节内城市热岛强度与地表温度日内逐时变化规律相似,两者均在上午迅速上升,并于12:00~14:00到达峰值,而后逐渐下降,并持续至次日日出前。在冬季,多数城市在白天出现了"城市冷岛",但"冷岛"多在午后至傍晚(14:00~17:00)消失,此后所有城市均恢复为"热岛"。此季节内城市热岛强度与地表温度日内逐时变化规律区别较大,且以农田和森林为背景计算的城市热岛强度的逐时变化趋势存在明显差异,前者在日内到达峰值的时间(约18:00)显著晚于后者(约13:30)。 相似文献
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为了了解和掌握城市和郊区浅部地温场的变化规律,在南京市城区和郊区分别建设了长期观测站,并选择了多个随机观测点,获得了一批地温场资料,通过分析发现:(1)城市地温场年平均温度为19.23℃,比郊区高2.02℃,存在显著的城市热岛现象。(2)城区和郊区地温场存在明显的时空差异:在时间序列上,城郊地温场日平均温差波动幅度较大,变化范围为0.37～3.83℃; 月平均温差变化范围为1.34～2.9℃,最小平均温差出现在11月,最大平均温差出现在7月; 季平均温差变化范围为1.53～2.45℃,其中夏季平均温差最高,秋季最小。在深度空间上,日气候因素对地温场的临界影响深度约为60cm,在此临界深度以下,每增加100cm,月平均最高/低温出现时间滞后约1个月; 在0～300cm深度内,城郊地温差总体上随深度的增加有递增趋势。在平面空间上,城郊地温场的分布很不均匀,而且城区地温场的不均匀性更加突出。 相似文献
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选取1981—2020年海拉尔河流域及周边地区气象站点观测资料,结合水文数据,利用适用于植被稀疏下垫面的BTOP(Block-wise use of TOPMODEL)分布式水文模型估算区域蒸散发量,进而在不对称增温现象影响下,分析其对蒸散发的影响特征。结果表明：(1)流域内1981—2020年不对称增温现象显著,主要表现为因夜间温度升幅较大为主的昼夜不对称增温及地表温度升幅较大为主的地气不对称增温;(2)影响蒸散发的主要气象因子依次为相对湿度、风速、地气温差、地表温度和昼夜温差,且相对湿度、昼夜温差及地气温差与蒸散发量变化趋势相反,其中相对湿度及风速影响强度年际变化平稳,温度因子影响强度则逐年增强;(3)不对称增温对于流域蒸散发量的影响逐年增强,地表增温速率的增强是造成地气不对称增温的主要原因,在此影响下,区域蒸散发呈现减小趋势,故在探究蒸散发量变化原因时,温差变化不可忽视。 相似文献
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城市区域热辐射方向性研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
城市是陆地生态系统中极为重要的地表覆盖类型,把握其热辐射特征对于研究城市地表能量平衡和城市热岛具有积极的意义.相对于自然地表,城市区域表现出更为显著的热辐射方向特征,但这方面的研究直到近年来才开始发展起来.对城市区域的航空遥感和地表观测试验均揭示,城市区域热辐射方向性与太阳-地面目标-传感器几何关系、城市形态与结构、地面目标物理性质等密切相关.同时,为描述城市区域热辐射方向性,辐射温度三维格局模型、几何模型以及辐射传输模型都相继建立起来.从热辐射方向性的试验观测、模型建立及其与城市热岛关系等角度入手,系统回顾了城市区域热辐射方向性的研究进展,并对已经取得的研究成果进行了总结.最后,指出了尚待解决的问题及今后应着重研究的方向. 相似文献
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气候变化下,长江源区生态环境和水文循环出现了显著改变。土壤水是水文循环的重要组成部分,正确认识土壤水时空分布规律及其环境响应机制是深入理解长江源区水文循环和生态环境变化的基础。以地面原位观测数据为基础,利用欧洲航天局最新开发的长时间序列和多传感器组合的全球土壤体积含水量数据集(ESA CCI SM V07.1)揭示了长江源区地表土壤水的时空演化规律,探讨了构造作用和冻土类型对土壤水的影响机制。结果表明：(1)长江源地表土壤体积含水量主要集中在0.15～0.20 m3/m3之间,在6—10月处于全年最高值;(2)在垂向上,由表层到深部土壤体积含水量主要呈现出增大-减小-稳定趋势,深部土壤水相对表层有明显的滞后特征,滞后时间一般为1～2个月;(3)在平面上,地表土壤体积含水量整体呈现东南高,并向西北逐渐递减的趋势。越临近构造断裂带,土壤体积含水量越低,且随深度增加呈现出一定的加剧趋势;(4)多年冻土区的地表土壤体积含水量相比邻近区域的季节性冻土区域高,季节性冻土区的地表土壤体积含水量波动变化幅度小于多年冻土区;(5)近40 a来,地表冻土有逐渐融... 相似文献
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以大同市主城区为研究对象,选取2004年、2009年、2015年和2019年共4期Landsat5 TM、Landsat8 OLI/TIRS影像作为数据源。借助ArcGIS软件,分析2004—2019年大同市主城区城市热岛的时空分布特征以及土地利用类型变化特征,最后进一步研究两者之间的相关性。结果表明：(1)大同市主城区热岛现象明显且强热岛和热岛区域面积逐年扩大,增加最明显的区域是云岗区和新荣区改为：云岗区、新荣区和云州区,近年来热岛趋势减缓。(2)在2004—2019年的15年间,城镇建设用地、草地和林地面积呈现扩张趋势,水体和耕地面积则呈现缩减趋势,土地利用类型变化强度由高到低依次为城镇建设用地、林地、耕地、水体和草地。(3)不同土地利用类型的地表温度具有明显差异,建设用地最高,草地和耕地次之,植被和水体温度最低。 相似文献
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地表温度是描述陆表过程和反映地表特征的重要参数。研究矿区地表温度的时空演变特征,对于理解煤矿开采活动对矿区生态环境的影响具有重要意义。淮南矿区是我国东部典型的高潜水位煤矿区,为了探究该区域地表温度的时空异质性与开采扰动的关系,利用2008—2018年5期Landsat影像进行地表温度的反演和下垫面信息提取,结合热力景观格局指数和城市热岛比例指数的计算,分析近十年来淮南矿区地表热环境的时空演变特征。结果表明:淮南矿区地表温度分布格局及其变化与下垫面结构及其变化密切相关。2008—2018年间,淮南矿区地表温度总体以中温区为主,其次是次低温和次高温区,高温区和低温区面积及其占比相对较低。由于城镇和矿井建设,以及煤矿开采产生的煤矸石堆积和开采沉陷积水,建设用地和水域面积不断增加,植被面积不断减少,相应的低温区、次高温和高温区增长,中温和次低温区减少,总体上城市热岛比例指数不断增加,热岛效应不断加剧;低温区斑块破碎度和复杂度不断减小,优势度不断增大。其他温度级斑块破碎度和复杂度,景观团聚程度和连通性,多样性和均匀度变化分为2008—2013、2013—2015和2015—2018三个阶段,其中2013—2015年人类干扰强度较大,斑块破碎度和复杂度增大,景观团聚程度和连通性,多样性和均匀度减小。研究成果为淮南矿区生态环境的恢复治理和城市产业规划提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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在气候变暖背景下,土壤热状态的变化正对土壤中发生的物理、化学以及微生物过程起着至关重要的作用。土壤热状态通常由气温主导,并受到植被、积雪、土壤性质等局部因素控制。积雪改变了大气与土壤之间的能量交换,对冷季土壤热状态起到了决定性作用。本文基于新疆地区中国气象局77个观测站点逐日的积雪深度、气温、地表温度(土壤0 cm处)数据,利用统计分析与数值模拟方法,综合探究了新疆地区季节性积雪对土壤温度的影响,同时揭示了新疆地区积雪对土壤热状态影响的原理机制。结果表明,2005—2020年新疆地区77个气象站点冷季地表温度、气温、积雪深度、地气温差在空间上的分布具有一致性。2005—2020年稳定积雪站的冷季(10月—次年3月)平均雪深为5.9 cm,平均气温为-4.6℃,平均地表温度为-1.3℃。而非稳定积雪站平均气温为1.4℃,平均地表温度为2.4℃。地气温差受积雪深度的控制,积雪每增加1 cm,地气温差增加0.26℃。拟合结果显示,气温每增加1℃,当积雪深度为5 cm时,地表温度增加0.57℃;当积雪深度为30 cm时,地表温度增加0.20℃。进一步选取典型稳定积雪站阿勒泰站开展了2008年积... 相似文献
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基于不同空间尺度、长时间序列的地表反照率产品探究黑河流域2000—2012年的反照率时空变化特征。首先基于角度格网化(AB)算法对黑河流域30 m环境卫星一号HJ-1/CCD大气层顶方向反射率进行了地表反照率估算,作为高空间分辨率的地表反照率产品;选择同种算法计算的1 km空间分辨率的Global LAnd Surface Satellite(GLASS)反照率产品作为低空间分辨率反照率产品。结果表明:1利用AB算法反演的HJ卫星反照率具有较高精度,满足流域尺度反照率时空特征分析的精度要求;2黑河流域地表反照率空间分布差异显著,流域上游植被覆盖区域反照率较低,中下游荒漠地表反照率较高;3流域地表反照率的年内变化与季节性降雪和作物物候周期性变化一致。从季节变化角度,黑河流域反照率月平均值的年变化呈"U"字型,其中,冬季反照率最高,春季和秋季次之,夏季最低。从年际变化角度,黑河下游反照率呈上升趋势,上游和整个流域呈下降趋势。 相似文献
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Cheng-fan Li Di Shen Jiang-shan Dong Jing-yuan Yin Jun-juan Zhao Dan Xue 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(10):3961-3971
This paper investigates the urban heat island (UHI) characteristics of Shanghai, China, during 1981–2010 using Landsat thematic mapper/multispectral scanner and moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer satellite data from the perspectives of time and space, with further analysis of the landscape pattern, the urban heat island effect ratio, and formative factors. The results show the following: (1) From the interannual variation, the secondary-medium temperature area and the medium temperature area are the main bodies of Shanghai UHI, accounting for 67.16–83.69 % of the total area, and have a rising trend over time. (2) From the landscape pattern, the secondary-medium temperature area and the medium temperature area have a dominant position over the whole UHI landscape pattern of Shanghai; the relatively high-temperature area gradually decreases, and its dominance over the whole UHI landscape pattern declines. (3) From the spatial distribution, the pattern in which the urban area initially had complete domination has gradually transformed to become primarily urban area centered and other construction land supplemented with rapid urbanization. Rapid increase of the green land in the urban area has to some extent reduced the UHI characteristics of the Shanghai area in recent years. 相似文献
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基于普适性单通道算法，利用2005年5月6日的TM数据反演北京市区的实际地表温度。在此基础上，分析了北京市区的热环境特征、热岛分布的位置。运用GIS空间分析工具，分析了地表温度与地形特征和地表覆盖类型之间的关系。结果表明，北京市热岛分布具有环状和带状分布特征，高程较低处和坡度较小处更容易形成热岛中心，不同地表覆盖类型的热特征具有显著的差异。 相似文献
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Mustafa Dihkan Fevzi Karsli Nilgun Guneroglu Abdulaziz Guneroglu 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(8):186
Recently, the rate of urbanisation has accelerated due to increasing population density which causes unexpected environmental disturbances and problems. One of the major problems encountered to date is the change in the land use/cover (LULC) structure. Increasing the impervious surface cover has changed microclimatic properties of urbanised areas by altering their thermal characteristics. One of the most important problems facing urban planning today is the phenomena known as the urban heat island (UHI), which is largely due to the changing the character of LULC. In this study, to create a national picture of the UHI structure in Turkey, seven cities, namely Istanbul, Bursa, Ankara, Izmir, Gaziantep, Erzurum and Trabzon, each located in different climatic regions of Turkey, were investigated. The Gaussian fitting technique was applied to characterise the UHI effect in the seven cities in the study. An original contribution of the current study was that the rural reference temperature surface was automatically determined by a proposed algorithm including the automatic masking of input data, as well as the application of iterative Gaussian low-pass filtering during the fitting procedure. Within this context, the daytime and nighttime surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect was modelled and temporally analysed from 1984 to 2011 for all the sub-regions using remote sensing techniques. Furthermore, atmospheric UHI was also investigated using the mobile transect method. The findings from this study suggest that UHI is a major environmental problem in urbanised areas, both atmospheric UHI and SUHI were detected in all cities in the study area, and this problem was found to have rapidly increased from 1984 to 2011. Finally, as inferred from the multiple regression results, it can be concluded that the UHI problem in Turkey might have resulted from the altered LULC structure, as well as anthropogenic pressure on and interference in city planning geometries. 相似文献
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Erika Rivera Xanat Antonio-Némiga Gabriel Origel-Gutiérrez Pablo Sarricolea Salvador Adame-Martínez 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(5):225
The dynamic of consolidation of urban areas in Latin America has allowed that almost 80% of the population concentrates in cities; this has produced changes in land covers and modified regional climate, propitiating the appearance of urban heat islands. The Metropolitan Area of Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico, holds the fifth national place in population size and experiences this process, because of this, the objective is to analyze and compare the spatiotemporal characteristics of the atmospheric urban heat island obtained from data gathered from 12 urban and rural weather stations with the surface urban heat island obtained from the digital processing of four Landsat 8 images. Results show the year-round presence of night-time atmospheric urban heat islands, which reach a peak in autumn (up to 6 °C). Daytime atmospheric urban heat islands occur in summer and autumn with a maximum intensity of 4 °C. For their part, surface urban heat islands occur in spring, summer and autumn and reach maximums of 19 °C in intensity. A strong correlation was found between wetness and surface temperature (coefficient of determination, 0.8) in spring and winter. Soil wetness directly impacts the formation of weak urban heat islands in dry season, and intense ones in wet season, while the green areas and the winds affect the spatial distribution of the same. 相似文献
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利用乌鲁木齐市1990年8月6日、2001年7月11日和2013年7月4日三期热红外遥感数据,定量反演亮度温度,利用均值-标准差法对温度进行分级后评价城市热岛效应时间变化特征:1990、2001、2013年3个时段,乌鲁木齐市最大热岛强度分别为11.48℃,12.06℃和14.01℃;加权平均热岛强度分别为1.033℃,1.603℃,1.236℃;城市热岛比例指数分别为0.1054,0.3945和0.4328;乌鲁木齐市城市热岛效应在平均水平上呈现先增强、后减弱的趋势,最大热岛强度、热岛比例指数均增加,城市已初步形成区域内的"热岛",城市高温区温度将继续上升且面积存在扩展趋势.利用PSR模型构建指标体系对城市土地集约利用水平进行评价,在同时段内乌鲁木齐市城市土地集约利用水平和协调性均在提高.从评价结果出发,通过相关分析,得出基于土地集约利用的城市热岛效应影响因子包括:人口密度、建成区绿地覆盖率、地均国民生产总值、人均建设用地面积、人均道路铺装面积、地均固定资产投资,这些因子涵盖了经济、社会、环境三个方面. 相似文献
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The urban heat island (UHI) is a result of urbanization, causing local microclimatologic changes such as increase in ambient temperature. Factors causing the UHI effect are anthropogenic energy release, energy absorption by concrete, tarmac structures and traffic, although the main factor is the replacement of vegetation with man-made structures. These factors cause heating of not only local air but also subsurface and groundwater. Observations of groundwater temperatures from the urban, southern part of Istanbul (Turkey) and the rural, northern part of Istanbul revealed that the urban groundwater temperatures were 3.5°C higher than the rural. Urbanization is a direct consequence of improvements in technology and modern life. However, this comes at the cost of an ever-increasing demand for energy. Exploitation of low-enthalpy geothermal energy is an attractive alternative to fossil fuel based energies. From the environmental point of view, clean and cheap energy is the most preferable, with heat pumps being the best choice for recovery purposes. Usage of elevated groundwater temperature in the heat pumps in urban areas increases the efficiency of the heat pump system and yields more thermal energy than that of rural groundwater. This system may be applicable to Istanbul. 相似文献
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Development of a parameterization for simulating the urban temperature hazard using satellite observations in climate model 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Urban surface temperature is hazardously higher than surrounding regions (so-called urban heat island effect UHI). Accurately
simulating urbanization-induced temperature hazard is critical for realistically representing urban regions in the land surface-atmosphere
climate system. However, inclusion of urban landscapes in regional or global climate models has been overlooked due to the
coarse spatial resolution of these models as well as the lack of observations for urban physical properties. Recently, National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
observations illustrate important urban physical properties, including skin temperature, surface albedo, surface emissivity,
and leaf area index, It is possible to identify the unique urban features globally and thus simulate global urban processes.
An urban scheme is designed to represent the urban-modified physical parameters (albedo, emissivity, land cover, roughness
length, thermal and hydraulic properties) and to include new, unique physical processes that exist in urban regions. The urban
scheme is coupled with National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Land Model Version 2 (CLM2) and single column
coupled NCAR Community Atmosphere Model CAM2/CLM2 to assess the mechanisms responsible for UHI. There are two-steps in our
model development. First, satellite observations of albedo, emissivity, LAI, and in situ observed thermal properties are updated in CLM2 to represent the first-order urban effects. Second, new terms representing
the urban anthropogenic heat flux, storage heat flux, and roughness length are calculated in the model. Model simulations
suggest that human activity-induced surface temperature hazard results in overlying atmosphere instability and convective
rainfall, which may enhance the possibility of urban flood hazard.
相似文献
| Menglin JinEmail: |
19.
A two-dimensional numerical model is employed to study the effect of the coastal urban heat island on the sea breeze front
and the thermal internal boundary layer height. The temperature at the land surface is determined by solving an energy budget
equation. The effect of the urban heat island is studied by varying the width of the region and its intensity. During the
early afternoon, the presence of the urban heat island enhances the strength of convergence of the sea breeze front and also
reduces its inland penetration. The presence of the urban heat island causes increased thermal internal boundary layer height.
Larger urban width causes larger vertical velocity and higher thermal internal boundary layer. Stronger convergence and higher
thermal internal boundary layer are also obtained in case of larger heat island intensity. 相似文献
20.
M. A. Lokoshchenko I. A. Korneva A. V. Kochin A. Z. Dubovetsky M. A. Novitsky P. Ye. Razin 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2016,466(1):70-74
The vertical extension of the urban “heat island” (UHI) has been studied on the basis of long-term data of contact air temperature measurements at three places for the example of Moscow. The existence of steady thermal anomaly related to the city in the form of a UHI in the surface layer at any time of the day and also the existence of a cold layer over it at heights higher than 100 m at night were confirmed. The mean daily altitudinal extension of this anomaly is approximately 300 m. 相似文献