共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 671 毫秒
1.
《同一个地质计划》的进展与对策 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
《同一个地质计划（OneGeology）》最初由英国地质调查局于2006年2月提出,已得到全球地学组织的支持。到2007年底,国际地球科学联合会等10个全球学术团体与国际地学组织、2个跨国公司、2位知名人士和67个国家的地质调查局参加了该计划。《同一个地质计划》是各个国家的地质调查局贡献给国际行星地球年的、约1：100万比例尺的、可在网络上很容易取得最好世界地质图数据的计划。该计划的目标是：使可用的地质图数据能被更多的人使用,使需要的人受益,促进互操作能力的增强。《同一个地质计划》的实施,可以提升全球、大陆、行星、海洋地球科学图的编制和出版的合作能力。深化对一些地区地质问题的研究,并可作为国际地球行星年一个切实可用的成果,提升国家地质调查局的形象;运用管理地学知识的领导能力和经验,通过教育、科学、文化和交流。能够处理全球污染对社会、经济和环境的影响问题。促进全球环境保护公约的执行,减缓自然灾害,使全球经济可持续发展,人们的居住环境更安全、更繁荣。精神生活更丰富、更快乐。因此,实施该计划不仅有现实意义,更有重要而深远的政治意义。 相似文献
2.
建筑是华美的乐章,是凝固的艺术,是历史的见证,是文化的载体,世界各地的建筑以其宽厚的胸怀,开放的姿态吸引五湖四海的友人前来观赏,分享城市的深厚内涵和设计者的匠心独运,而众多优秀建筑的创造者之一——上海现代建筑设计集团一贯秉承"传承历史、设计现代、创造未来"的使命, 相似文献
3.
为了降低放射性废物的危害,一般采取就地填埋的处置技术.影响核素锶吸附的因素针对吸附的基础物料土壤来说,主要有表面电荷、矿物组成;而外界环境因素如添加剂,对核素的吸附比也有很大影响.实验采用静态吸附的方法,通过测定核素锶的浓度,求得不同土壤对核素锶的吸附比,进而判断出应选用哪种物料吸附核素.实验结果表明,该地核废物填埋区的不同土壤,表面电荷中的正、负电荷均发育,但负电荷相对于发育的土壤而言对锶的吸附比偏大.矿物组成中以石英为主,但也含有一些吸附性强的粘土矿物(如蒙脱石、伊利石等 ).实验最后选定的棕黑色砂质粉土TY29,在加入适量的添加剂碳酸钠后,吸附系数可达103数量级,满足工程屏蔽的要求. 相似文献
4.
山西临汾-运城盆地土壤中As含量的变化规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对临汾-运城盆地表层和深层土壤中As含量变化规律的研究,发现表层土壤的As含量稍高于全国土壤的背景值,不同相态的含量差异较大。土壤pH、磁化率、有机质、粘粒含量等理化性质对不同形态的As有着不同程度的影响：研究区水溶态的As受土壤pH值的控制,腐殖质结合态的As与有机质呈明显的正相关关系,磁化率、粘粒含量与土壤As的含量都有明显的正相关关系。研究结果表明,As与Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mg、K、F等元素的相关性非常显著,说明研究区表层土壤中的As主要是自然成因的。进一步的回归分析表明,土壤的As含量随着铁氧化物、氢氧化物和硫化物含量的增加而增加。研究区土壤As的纵向分布特点是中层多、上下层少,这可能与研究区As的污染状况、土壤的碱性环境、植物的吸收作用、磷肥的施用等因素有关。 相似文献
5.
雅鲁藏布江大峡谷的形成 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过时雅鲁藏布大峡谷流域地貌形成响应时间域的定量估算,大峡谷与上游河道特征的时比,以及大峡谷入口处河湖阶地的沉积分析和定年研究．结合构造研究的新进展和数值地貌分析成果,系统论证了雅鲁藏布大峡谷的形成。研究结果表明,现今的雅鲁藏布大峡谷与大峡谷上游的河道在大峡谷形成之前分属不同的河流体系,大约在距今30kaBP前后,原属于帕隆藏布江水系支流的扎曲一直白河段因溯源侵蚀,袭夺了位于现今直白河段上游的古雅鲁藏布江水系,使得此前向南经南伊沟（纳伊普曲）流出高原的古雅鲁藏布江与帕隆藏布江合二为一,雅鲁藏布大峡谷得以贯通和强烈的侵蚀下切,形成现今著名的大峡谷和大拐弯式样的流域结构。 相似文献
6.
在物探扫面工作中,有大量的剖面数据需要绘制成剖面平面图,要求寻找一个高效快速的制图方法.通过对Grapher 自动化功能的分析和实践,编制程序实现了快速绘制彩色渐变剖面平面图的需求,说明利用自动化脚本能够在获得精美图件的同时,可以极大地提高作图效率. 相似文献
7.
在用容积法计算地质储量的过程中,含油面积的确定实际上是计算多边形的面积.在用坐标解析法计算多边形面积时,为保证多边形各顶点是有序排列的,提出了基于方位角的多边形构建算法.该算法原理是以主井为起点,向各副井作射线,求所有射线的坐标方位角,并把各个副井按照所对应的坐标方位角由小到大排序,从而得到有序的副井序列,将有序的副井依次连线,就构成了一个多边形.目前该方法已在生产中进行了推广应用. 相似文献
8.
一绪言人类自开始有遗迹可考,进化到现在,是一段艰苦的过程。从人类自高等的猿类分化以来,到现在大约有一百万年的历史,而在这一百万年的百分九十五的时间,人类差不多完全在与自然界奋斗时期。 相似文献
9.
潮河流域TOPMODEL模型网格尺度研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
TOPMODEL模型首要也是关键的问题就是地形指数的计算问题.除计算方法外,地形指数的分布还与DEM网格尺度息息相关.较大的网格推出的地形指数不具有显示水流路径的物理含义,会丢失一些物理信息.太细的分辨率可能引起流向和坡度的混乱.导致水流路径不连续.对于流域尺度而言,合适的网格尺度在很大程度上影响模拟结果的精度,但目前关于这方面的研究却很少.本文在集水面积5 340km2的中尺度潮河流域上进行地形分析计算,深入的分析了从50 m～600 m以50 m为间隔的不同网格尺度对地形指数分布的影响.并以平水年为例,研究了这些地形指数对流域径流模拟的影响.得出的结论对于TOPMODEL模型在中尺度流域上的应用具有指导意义. 相似文献
10.
再论广西第四纪冰流遗迹 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
我首先要说明我所以要讨论的目的,不是要整个否定孙徐两位的见解,而是希望多获资料以补充我广西冰流遗迹的知识。我想一个学问的讨论,应该受欢迎。而不应因为别人未见过伦敦就你见过伦敦别人就非承认为有不可。也不能说没有资格怀疑自己未见的事物。因为承认与否全视支持主张的理由如何 相似文献
11.
12.
Estimation of mean trace length of discontinuities 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
Summary Trace lengths of discontinuities observed on finite exposures are biased due to sampling errors. These errors should be corrected in estimating mean trace length. A technique, which takes into account the sampling errors, is proposed for estimating the mean trace length on infinite, vertical sections from the observations made on finite, rectangular, vertical exposures. The method is applicable to discontinuities whose orientation is described by a probability distribution function. The method requires that the numbers of discontinuities with both ends observed, one end observed, and both ends censored be known. The lengths of observed traces and the density function of trace length are not required. The derivation assumes that midpoints of traces are uniformly distributed in the vertical plane. Also independence between trace length and orientation is assumed. Data on a Pennsylvania shale in Ohio, U. S. A., were used as an example.Notations
dip direction
-
direction of sampling plane
-
acute angle between dip direction and sampling plane
-
dip angle
-
A
apparent dip angle
-
mean density of trace mid-points per unit area
-
mean trace length
-
D
diameter of discontinuity
-
f (.),g (.)
probability density function
-
h
height of rectangular window
-
estimator of mean trace length
-
m
sample size, number of discontinuities intersecting window
-
m
0
number of discontinuities intersecting window with both ends censored
-
m
2
number of discontinuities intersecting window with both ends observed
-
n, N
expected number of discontinuities intersecting the window
-
n
0,N
0
expected number of discontinuities intersecting the window with both ends censored
-
n
2,N
2
expected number of discontinuities intersecting the window with both ends observed
-
Pr (.)
probability
-
w
width of rectangular window
-
x
trace length 相似文献
13.
The equations that exist in the literature to estimate corrected mean trace length and corrected two-dimensional density of a rock discontinuity set using area sampling technique are critically reviewed. The discontinuity traces appearing in an outcrop in Yingxiu area in China are used along with rectangular windows to calculate the corrected mean trace length and two-dimensional density using Kulatilake and Wu’s equations. Similarly, circular windows are used along with Mauldon’s and Zhang and Einstein’s equation to calculate the mean trace length and Mauldon’s equation to calculate the two-dimensional density for the same discontinuity sets using the same outcrop discontinuity trace data. For both parameters, the predictions based on the rectangular window methods were found to be more accurate than that based on the circular window methods. 相似文献
14.
15.
J.-J. Song 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2006,39(2):131-146
Summary. Mauldon (1998) suggested end-point estimators of areal frequency and mean trace length for a planar sampling window which
were recently proved to be unbiased maximum likelihood estimators by Lyman (2003). The present paper is to expand the concept
and applicability of the end-point estimators to those for a general non-planar sampling window. The generalized end-point
estimators are verified and its applicability for variable discontinuity orientation is checked by Monte Carlo simulation.
Standard deviation of estimation error and estimation efficiency of areal frequency and mean trace length are also considered. 相似文献
16.
不连续面平均速长概率估值法及其应用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
在进行不连续面3-D网络模拟过程中, 不连续面的大小是一个重要的参数, 该数据主要来源是在现场露头上测量不连续面出露的迹长。由于取样中不可避免的偏差而使结果有误差, 在进行平均迹长估计时取样的误差必须予以校正, 本文介绍一种用概率的方法考虑取样误差通过有限2-D露头上测量的不连续面数据求算无限2-D空间平均迹长的技术。该方法可以借助计算机进行处理。 相似文献
17.
18.
Estimating Mean Fracture Trace Length and Density from Observations in Convex Windows 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：16
M. Mauldon 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1998,31(4):201-216
Summary Although window samples of fracture traces are widely recognized to be length-biased and censored, they are often the best
source of data for inferring statistical parameters of fracture sets. This paper presents new estimators for mean fracture
trace length and density that correct for the effects of bias and censoring. A stereological estimator of mean trace length
is derived for parallel traces in a rectangular sampling window, an end-point estimator of mean trace length is derived for
windows with arbitrary convex boundaries and for arbitrary trace length distributions, and an end-point estimator of trace
density is derived for windows with arbitrary convex boundaries and for arbitrary trace length and trace orientation distributions.
Results for rectangular and circular windows are obtained as special cases of the general solutions for arbitrary convex windows.
When applied to circular windows, the end-point estimator of mean trace length is, in addition, independent of the trace orientation
distribution. The estimators are easily determined from field data. The end-point estimator of trace density requires knowing
only the area of the window and the number of end-points inside the window. The end-point estimator of mean trace length,
when applied to circular windows, requires, in addition, the number of end-points outside the window (of those traces that
intersect the window) and the stereological estimator of mean trace length requires only the apparent mean trace length and
the height of the window. 相似文献
19.
The Planar Shape of Rock Joints 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Knowing the planar shape of discontinuities is important when characterizing discontinuities in a rock mass. However, the
real discontinuity shape is rarely known, since the rock mass is usually inaccessible in three dimensions. Information on
discontinuity shape is limited and often open to more than one interpretation. This paper discusses the planar shape of rock
joints, the most common discontinuities in rock. First, a brief literature review about the shape of joints is presented,
including some information on joint-surface morphology, inferences from observed trace lengths on different sampling planes,
information based on experimental studies, and joint shapes assumed by different researchers. This review shows that joints
not affected by adjacent geological structures such as bedding boundaries or pre-existing fractures tend to be elliptical
(or approximately circular but rarely). Joints affected by or intersecting such geological structures tend to be rectangular.
Then, using the general stereological relationship between trace length distributions and joint size distributions developed
by Zhang et al. (Geotechnique 52(6):419–433, 2002) for elliptical joints, the effect of sampling plane orientation on trace lengths is investigated. This study explains why
the average trace lengths of non-equidimensional (elliptical or similar polygonal) joints on two sampling planes can be about
equal and thus the conclusion that rock joints are equidimensional (circular) drawn from the fact that the average trace lengths
on two sampling planes are approximately equal can be wrong. Finally, methods for characterizing the shape and size of joints
(elliptical or rectangular) from trace length data are recommended, and the appropriateness of using elliptical joint shapes
to represent polygonal, especially rectangular, joints is discussed. 相似文献
20.
不连续间距对岩体性质具有十分重要的意义。基于无限长测量线得到的岩体不连续间距的负幂指数分布是最重要的一种概率分布密度, 为纠正因用有限长测量线而带来的不连续间距的分布误差, 本文提出了一个封闭形式的修正函数。结果表明, 该法可显著减少不连续间距的相对误差, 从而可以采用较短的测量线来测量岩体的不连续间距。 相似文献