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1.
裂隙岩溶含水系统溢流泉演化过程的数值模拟   总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0  
王云  于青春  薛亮  马浩 《中国岩溶》2010,29(4):378-384
本文利用非连续裂隙网络介质模型,耦合水动力条件和碳酸盐溶蚀动力条件,建立岩溶含水系统演化的数学模型,并用数值法进行模拟分析。在已建数值模型基础上,构造了两组实例模型(降水入渗补给的裂隙岩溶含水系统和河流补给的裂隙岩溶含水系统)来研究裂隙岩溶系统中溢流泉早期演化过程。模拟发现,裂隙岩溶含水系统演化过程中,裂隙不断被溶蚀拓宽,致使系统中潜水位不断下降,许多小泉被疏干;同时不同裂隙之间存在溶蚀差异,在潜水位及优势通道附近的裂隙溶蚀速度快,而其它位置则相对慢得多,差异溶蚀促使系统形成优势溶管,优势溶管逐渐袭夺水流,形成大泉。另外对比两模型发现,降水入渗为主要补给源的裂隙岩溶含水系统,泉管道从汇向源发育;而河流入渗为主要补给源的裂隙岩溶含水系统,泉管道则由源向汇发育。   相似文献   

2.
基于岩溶演化模型的隧道突水危险性评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
岩溶隧道是否发生涌突水,主要取决于洞身岩溶发育程度和岩溶系统结构类型,而这与岩溶系统的演化过程密切相关。岩溶系统的发育演化始于具有侵蚀性的水对可溶性岩体中裂隙的溶蚀扩展。基于此,本研究耦合了渗流模型和溶蚀扩展模型,并结合鸡公岭隧道区水文地质背景资料,建立了隧道区岩溶系统岩溶演化模拟模型,模拟再现了隧道区岩溶含水介质的发育情况。结果显示:随着岩溶系统的发育演化,整个系统中裂隙不断被溶蚀扩展,差异性溶蚀越来越显著,岩溶含水介质的非均质性越来越强;同时随着埋深的增加,岩溶发育程度及非均质性越来越弱;浅部和深部裂隙的平均溶蚀扩展率相差近1 500倍;鸡公岭隧道洞身标高处岩溶发育微弱,裂隙溶蚀扩展较小,仍为裂隙岩体,其等效渗透系数为0.51m/d,岩溶突水概率极低,隧道发生涌水时的涌水量为127.9m3/d,对隧道施工影响较小。  相似文献   

3.
溶蚀作用下古岩溶盆地系统中介质场演化模拟   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
为了研究古岩溶盆地在溶蚀作用下碳酸盐岩油气储层介质场的演化规律,基于地下水渗流理论和碳酸盐溶蚀动力理论,用数值模型模拟了均质盆地和非均质盆地2种岩溶盆地含水系统发育过程。岩溶盆地含水系统演化过程中总伴随着裂隙差异溶蚀,不管均质盆地还是非均质盆地,都越来越非均质化,强溶蚀带集中在潜水位及优势裂隙附近,在侵蚀基准面和构造裂隙及层理等大裂隙处会形成高孔隙率、渗透率的良好储层。受介质场非均质化反作用,岩溶高地区潜水位随系统演化不断下降,潜水面处的强烈溶蚀随水位不断下切而使高地区改造成竖直裂隙发育的厚储层;坡地区水平径流活跃,易于形成水平裂隙发育的储层;平原区水位相对稳定,溶蚀作用主要发生大裂隙和侵蚀基准面处,但在大裂隙网内经溶蚀可形成局部高孔隙率储层。对比两子模型发现,在岩溶盆地含水系统中,主导渗流场都要经历由局部流场向二级流场、二级流场向全局流场的转变,前者发生在坡地区内部,后者发生在坡地区与平原区之间;流畅的渗流场转换更有利于介质场发育,受大裂隙网导水作用,非均质盆地比均质盆地更快捷、更顺利地实现主导流场升级,溶蚀作用更强烈,3 ka后非均质盆地比均质盆地的孔隙率增幅大34%。  相似文献   

4.
为揭示隐伏型岩溶含水系统在不同边界条件与介质特征下的发育状况,基于地下水渗流和碳酸盐岩溶蚀理论构建耦合裂隙网络渗流与碳酸盐岩溶蚀的岩溶裂隙网络溶蚀扩展模型,模拟再现了河间隐伏型岩溶含水系统平面上发育演化过程。结果显示:岩溶系统发育过程中流量变化呈现三个阶段:第Ⅰ阶段为缓慢层流阶段,流量增速为2.2×10 -6 mL·(s·a) -1,持续时间与初始水头差呈对数关系;第Ⅱ阶段为极快速紊流阶段,流量增速为5.5×10 2 mL·(s·a) -1,持续时间与初始水头差呈线性关系;第Ⅲ阶段为快速紊流阶段,流量增速为26 mL·(s·a) -1。优势裂隙的存在使得岩溶裂隙网络溶蚀演化加快,非均质系统进入极快速紊流阶段所用时间较均质系统缩短了53%,裂隙溶蚀扩展的速度加快了12.5%。   相似文献   

5.
碳酸盐岩单裂隙渗流-溶蚀耦合模型及其参数敏感性分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
岩溶地下水系统是由碳酸盐岩裂隙含水介质演化形成的,系统初始的裂隙网络介质特征及边界条件决定了其演化过程。为揭示岩溶系统演化过程中裂隙介质特征和边界条件的影响程度,建立了裂隙溶蚀扩展的渗流-溶蚀耦合模型,并对不同边界条件下不同隙宽的单裂隙溶蚀扩展特征进行了模拟分析。结果表明:裂隙溶蚀扩展受水的侵蚀性(CO2分压)、水动力条件(水力梯度)、裂隙介质特征(裂隙初始隙宽)等综合作用影响,Ca2+的平衡浓度、水力梯度以及裂隙初始隙宽等参数的增加均能促进裂隙的快速扩展。在这些参数中,初始隙宽B0对岩溶发育的影响最为敏感,水力梯度J和Ca2+平衡浓度Ceq对岩溶发育具有相同的敏感性;此外,随着各参数值的不断增大,参数变化对岩溶发育的敏感程度越来越低。  相似文献   

6.
文章以桂林丫吉试验场为例,验证是否可以利用SWMM模型模拟以管道为主的岩溶峰丛洼地系统降雨径流过程。以洼地为单元,把研究区概化为由管道相连的6个次级汇水流域,选择Green-Amp入渗计算方法,同时考虑包气带裂隙水对管道的补给,运行SWMM模型计算出研究区管道总出口S31泉的流量曲线。结果显示:模拟流量变化过程与实测流量变化过程基本一致。说明该模型可以用来模拟岩溶峰丛洼地地区降雨径流过程。经验证,模拟时段内S31泉总量相对误差为19.1%。  相似文献   

7.
贵州盘县乐民河流域三股水岩溶泉水文地质条件分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
袁伟  王川 《江苏地质》2017,41(4):655-662
三股水岩溶泉为贵州碳酸盐岩山区典型的岩溶大泉,周边煤企广布,排污现象普遍,岩溶地下水系统较为脆弱,分析岩溶泉形成的水文地质条件是地下水污染防治的基础。在环境水文地质调查的基础上,对岩溶地下水系统边界及补给、径流、排泄特征进行了分析。地表岩溶形态调查及物探成果显示,盘关向斜东西两翼各发育1条岩溶管道,并在三股水一带相互贯通。示踪试验成果表明,平关及小果郎河一带的降雨及地表水与三股水岩溶泉存在水力联系,三股水岩溶地下水系统中的岩溶含水介质以裂隙-管道型为主,裂隙的大量发育使该岩溶地下水系统具备较强的调蓄能力。  相似文献   

8.
岩溶地下水系统演化的数值模拟   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为了研究岩溶地区泉域系统演化过程及对泉流量进行预测,耦合了渗流模型和岩溶动力模型,对均质性和非均质性2种条件下泉域系统进行了溶蚀演化模拟。从模拟结果上可以看出,均质性泉域系统初期水位变化较小,中后期下降明显,而非均质性泉域系统初期下降明显,中后期水位稳定;在裂隙张开度方面,非均质模型在相同时段内裂隙张开度的最大值却比均质性模型要大4~5cm。2个泉域系统的泉流量都经过了初期较小,中后期迅速增大的过程,只是增大的时间和每个时间点的泉流量不同,非均质性泉域系统增大时间更早,流量更大,可以分别用指数函数和多项式函数来拟合均质性和非均质性泉域系统泉流量过程曲线。  相似文献   

9.
贵州印江朗溪岩溶槽谷龙洞湾泉流量衰减分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
文章对贵州省印江县朗溪隔槽式向斜岩溶槽谷轴面南东侧的龙洞湾岩溶泉流量衰减规律进行了分析,通过在泉口设置复合堰、安放水文气象自动监测仪,获取了该泉降雨量和相对水位的高时间分辨率监测数据,并采用水力学公式计算了泉流量,分析了降雨过后岩溶泉流量的动态特征,再利用分区间指数函数衰减方程确定了该泉所在含水介质的结构特征及亚储水量,结果发现:(1)龙洞湾泉流量峰值滞后时间受降雨过程特征影响较大,当降雨量大或前期有降雨影响时,滞后时间短;当降雨量小或前期无降雨影响时,滞后时间长;(2)强降雨后,龙洞湾泉流量的衰减可分为三个亚动态,且衰减系数的差异较大,第I亚动态和第II亚动态的衰减系数分别是第III亚动态的11倍和3倍,这表明其三重岩溶含水介质的特征明显;(3)龙洞湾泉的含水介质具有不均匀性,以管道流和裂隙流为主,岩溶发育强烈。   相似文献   

10.
??根据岩溶含水系统的双重特性,岩溶含水系统出口处泉流量可分为三个组成部分—前期蓄水量,快速径流和慢速径流,将快速径流和慢速径流视为两线性并联水库,经过系统的调蓄作用,得到一个单位降雨脉冲下快速流和慢速流的响应函数,建立了前期降雨和瞬时单位线之间的识别函数,识别降雨在岩溶不同空隙类型中的水量分配系数。将该函数模型应用到后寨河岩溶小流域,通过参数识别,结果表明从上游到下游前期蓄水量呈现增加的趋势,而水量进入到管道中的分配系数呈现递减的趋势,说明岩溶裂隙结构越往下游越发育,这一研究结果和实际情况相符,说明该模型有一定的适应性,但由于模型假设岩溶系统是线性变化的,所以该模型不适用于大流域以及长期的泉流量预测。   相似文献   

11.
昆明市黑龙潭岩溶泉氢氧稳定同位素分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄华诚  刘宏 《中国岩溶》2015,34(5):445-451
黑龙潭位于昆明市北缘的五老山山麓,沿黑龙潭东支断裂带出露地表,该区分布三个岩溶泉,分别是:清水潭、浑水潭、小水潭,文章运用氢氧稳定同位素方法对它们进行连续的观测研究。通过对大气降水和泉水氢氧稳定同位素特征进行分析,揭示研究区岩溶泉水的来源及泉域含水层特征。得出以下结论:(1)通过大气降水δ18O -δD 关系建立当地大气降水线,大气降水线和泉水的稳定同位素分析表明泉水来源于大气降水,而且主要来源于夏季降水。(2)高斯混合模型分析结果表明,清水潭的补给不仅来源于野猫山地区,还包括径流过程中的入渗补给,而且入渗补给量并不小。浑水潭旱雨两季补给类型有所区别。小水潭除受北部二叠系灰岩含水层补给之外,很有可能也受东北部玄武岩山地的孔洞裂隙水补给。   相似文献   

12.
在分析区域地质、水文地质条件及水化学同位素的基础上,研究了山西娘子关泉域岩溶水的SO42-、硫同位素分布特征。研究表明:(1)泉域西北、西南地区岩溶水的SO42-主要来源于石膏的溶解;(2)泉域中部汇流区岩溶水的SO42-含量高而δ34S值低,其中的SO42-主要来源于煤系矿坑水,这是因为温河、桃河及南川河沿岸的岩溶水接受了被矿坑水污染的河水的渗漏补给以及部分地区受到钻孔串层污染;(3)娘子关泉群中城西泉水中的SO42-主要来源于煤系矿坑水,而五龙泉和集泉站水中的SO42-主要来源于石膏的溶解;(4)泉域东北部及东部河流沿岸以外的地区,岩溶水中的SO42-主要来源于大气降水、石膏溶解,并受到所处地层岩性的影响。   相似文献   

13.
玉符河是济南岩溶地下水重要补给源,对济南保泉和供水具有重要意义。本文以2015年玉符河入渗补给试验为例,利用水化学和同位素方法分析了河水入渗对岩溶水矿物组分溶解及离子成分的影响、河水入渗后的渗流路径、影响范围等问题。结果表明,玉符河至城区泉群,水化学类型由SO4-Ca-Mg型逐渐过渡到HCO3-Ca型;河水的入渗导致岩溶地下水中方解石和白云石饱和指数减小,石膏的饱和指数几乎不变;水化学和同位素数据表明催马-蛮子庄一带岩溶水中河水比例为48%。在空间分布上,河岸东侧3km范围内河水入渗补给量占比可达50%。在河道东侧8km处,河水入渗补给量占比为5%。在靠近城区泉群一带,河水入渗补给量占比更低, < 5%。本次观测结果表明,河道补水尚未对城区泉群有明显影响。本研究为济南岩溶水资源评价和保泉方案的制定提供依据。  相似文献   

14.
The systematic sampling of the chemical composition of the groundwater from five karst springs (including an overflow spring) and one outflowing borehole have permitted to determine distinctive chemical changes in the waters that reflect the geochemical processes occurring in a carbonate aquifer system from southern Spain. The analysis of the dissolution parameters revealed that geochemical evolution of the karst waters basically depends on the availability of the minerals forming aquifer rocks and the residence time within the aquifers. In the three proposed scenarios in the aquifers, which include the preferential flow routines, the more important geochemical processes taking place during the groundwater flow from the recharge to the discharge zones are: CO2 dissolution and exsolution (outgassing), calcite net dissolution, calcite and dolomite sequential dissolution, gypsum/anhydrite and halite dissolution, de-dolomitization and calcite precipitation. A detailed analysis of the hydrochemical data set, saturation indices of the minerals and partial pressure of CO2 in the waters joined to the application of geochemical modelling methods allowed the elaboration of a hydrogeochemical model of the studied aquifers. The developed approach contributes to a better understanding of the karstification processes and the hydrogeological functioning of carbonate aquifers, the latter being a crucial aspect for the suitable management of the water resources.  相似文献   

15.
岩溶水系统的水化学曲线及其在水文地质研究中的应用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
为了认识水文地质条件与岩溶泉水化学之间的关系,以西南地区的6个典型岩溶水系统丫吉试验场S31号泉、毛村地下河、官村地下河、陈旗岩溶泉、青木关地下河以及金佛山水房泉为例进行研究。通过对比发现,在这些强烈非均质的山区裸露型岩溶水系统中,仪器能够实现自动化监测的电导率、温度和pH值等指标的水化学曲线存在差异。分析可知控制水化学变化的主要因素如下:首先是降雨补给引起系统的水量与碳酸盐岩溶解过程的变化;其次是CO2气体随降雨进入含水层,促进碳酸盐岩的溶解;最后是地表污染物的淋滤。当电导率、水温、pH曲线出现降低和碳酸盐岩矿物饱和指数下降时,反映的是岩溶水的稀释作用;当电导率曲线出现高峰时,反映的是岩溶水补给的CO2效应,此时水中二氧化碳分压(pCO2)升高;当场雨中水化学曲线的变化滞后于水文动态曲线时,反映的是岩溶管道的活塞流效应;与人类活动有关的NO3-等污染物质量浓度在降雨后出现高峰,反映土壤的降雨淋滤作用,并可能影响电导率的变化趋势。某个系统的水化学曲线趋向于经常出现某几种效应,并且彼此的类型不同,表明了降雨补给的面状渗流方式和集中灌入方式对岩溶水影响的强弱不同,以及系统在径流方式和调蓄机制上的差异。一般而言:以面状补给方式为主的系统,水化学曲线多表现为CO2效应,较少出现稀释作用;而岩溶发育强烈的系统,降雨补给受控于溶蚀裂隙和管道,其水化学曲线较多出现稀释作用,较少出现CO2效应;以管道为主要径流方式的系统易出现活塞流效应,而包气带厚度大和含水层储水能力强的系统水化学变化被减弱。  相似文献   

16.
Assessing the groundwater recharge potential zone and differentiation of the spring catchment area are extremely important to effective management of groundwater systems and protection of water quality. The study area is located in the Saldoran karstic region, western Iran. It is characterized by a high rate of precipitation and recharge via highly permeable fractured karstic formations. Pire-Ghar, Sarabe-Babaheydar and Baghe-rostam are three major karstic springs which drain the Saldoran anticline. The mean discharge rate and electrical conductivity values for these springs were 3, 1.9 and 0.98 m3/s, and 475, 438 and 347 μS/cm, respectively. Geology, hydrogeology and geographical information system (GIS) methods were used to define the catchment areas of the major karstic springs and to map recharge zones in the Saldoran anticline. Seven major influencing factors on groundwater recharge rates (lithology, slope value and aspect, drainage, precipitation, fracture density and karstic domains) were integrated using GIS. Geology maps and field verification were used to determine the weights of factors. The final map was produced to reveal major zones of recharge potential. More than 80 % of the study area is terrain that has a recharge rate of 55–70 % (average 63 %). Evaluating the water budget of Saldoran Mountain showed that the total volume of karst water emerging from the Saldoran karst springs is equal to the total annual recharge on the anticline. Therefore, based on the geological and hydrogeological investigations, the catchment area of the mentioned karst springs includes the whole Saldoran anticline.  相似文献   

17.
Karst aquifer studies often focus on allogenic water inputs and large conduit flow. However, diffuse recharge can be significant, particularly in unconfined eogenetic karst aquifers that retain high matrix permeability. This study examines an unconfined region of the upper Floridan aquifer (USA) that hosts a sinking stream, its resurgence, and a large conduit system. Daily diffuse recharge was approximated using a water-budget method and ranged from 17% of precipitation during a low precipitation year to >53% during the highest precipitation year, illustrating the highly variable nature of diffuse recharge in this region. The total allogenic input via the sinking stream over the 5 years of the study was significantly larger than the volume of diffuse recharge. However, only about 2% of the allogenic recharge flows from the conduit into the surrounding aquifer. That flow is restricted to storm events when hydraulic heads in the conduits exceed those in the surrounding aquifer. The estimated volume of dissolution is similar for allogenic recharge and diffuse recharge to the unconfined region surrounding the conduits, but dissolution from the diffuse recharge is distributed over a larger area than dissolution from allogenic recharge. These results exemplify how recharge type impacts flow and water–rock interactions in eogenetic karst aquifers.  相似文献   

18.
Proper management of karst aquifers requires a better understanding of flow and transport mechanisms in these systems. Flow in karst aquifers is inherently very complex due to the non-linear and non-stationary relationship between recharge and discharge. Information on this relationship has been acquired for a large (1,000 km2), mountainous (>3,500 m asl) karst aquifer with a deep unsaturated zone (>2,000 m) in the Aladaglar mountain range of south-central Turkey. All major discharges from the aquifer, which drain almost all the recharge, have been observed periodically for specific electrical conductivity, tritium and oxygen-18 variations during a period of 12 months. Observations reveal that the system’s response to recharge depends strongly on the competition between the infiltration and drainage velocities. These velocities, which are controlled by variables such as the time of precipitation, time of infiltration, intensity, and continuity of recharge, determine the degree of dominance of different types of flow mechanisms in the aquifer. Bypass, well-mixed and piston flow mechanisms are used to explain the response of the aquifer to the spatio-temporal variations in recharge. It appears that the aquifer switches among these flow mechanisms depending on the prevailing recharge mode and the competition between infiltration and drainage velocities.  相似文献   

19.
Simulation of the development of karst aquifers: role of the epikarst   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 The evolution of a karst aquifer is modelled taking into account the karst groundwater flow as well as the dissolution kinetics of calcite. In particular, infiltration of water from the epikarst is simulated which controls the temporal and spatial distribution of recharge to the phreatic zone. The results show that the evolution of karst conduits is initiated in the spring. The existence of preferential flow paths leads to the evolution of highly conductive so-called dendritic cave systems, i.e., single passages which concentrate the flow and drain the catchment. With time, the amount of undersaturated water flowing directly into the conduit system is increased leading to an acceleration of the conduits enlargement. Three phases are identified for the evolution of karst aquifers: (a) an initiation stage; (b) an enlargement stage; and (c) a stagnation phase. Received: 4 August 1997 / Accepted: 19 January 1998  相似文献   

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