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提高迭后地震记录分辨率的频率振幅补偿方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本论述了提高迭后地震记录分辨率的频率振幅补偿方法原理及实际应用效果，该方法利用了最大方差原理，使地震信号的修正方差模达到极大，迭代计算补偿地震记录的高频成份，并对其补偿后的地震记录振幅谱经予加权标定，使之逼近于资料实际反射系数振幅谱，从而达到提高地震记录分辨薄层的能力。 相似文献
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Radon变换利用信号的横向相关性和信号根幅随炮检距变化的特征,提取有效反射信号同相轴,同时提取的零炮检距地震剖面,保留了地震记录的高频信息,达到了提高分辨率的目的。叠前反Q滤波是以FUTTERMAN衰减模型为理论基础,校正地震子波相位拉伸,补偿地震波频率和振幅的损失,达到提高地震资料分辨率和信噪比及改善同相轴连续性的目的。 相似文献
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波场延拓法是最常用的反Q滤波方法,但其振幅因子的不稳定性致使深层的高频信息放大,从而影响反Q滤波的效果。本文通过推导证明了完全稳定振幅补偿只和Glim(增益限制)有关难以提高深层地震波分辨率,系统分析了波场延拓反Q滤波算法中不同振幅补偿算子的滤波特性,增益控制法对某一频率之后既不放大也不压制,正则化滤波和迭代滤波法不仅具有较强的抗噪声干扰能力,而且对深层地震波具有较好的振幅补偿能力。通过对理论模型和井间地震实际资料应用不同振幅补偿算子,发现正则化振幅补偿因子和迭代法振幅补偿因子不仅对高频干扰有较强的压制效果,而且对于地震记录的中深层部分和低Q能量衰减严重的地震记录,都有较好的补偿效果。 相似文献
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基于检波器组合各点为平面简谐波同相叠加的假设,地震勘探野外施工多将检波器组合作为压制噪音提高原始资料信噪比的一种主要手段,但实际野外地震地质因素难以满足假设条件,导致由多个检波器组合叠加的地震信号存在一定程度的畸变,进而影响到信号的振幅和频率。通过对组合基距及组内距的计算,论证了检波器组合对信号频率及振幅的影响程度。实际资料分析证明,检波器组合在噪音压制的同时也会损伤到有效信号,尤其高频信息成份;过大的检波器组合基距,不仅会降低原始资料信噪比,甚至还会降低原始资料频率。据此提出在高信噪比地区,采集地震数据宜采用较小检波器组合基距,以提高原始资料的分辨率。 相似文献
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时频域高分辨地震层序识别 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
地震信号频率随着时间的不稳定变化包含了地下反射层序特征的重要信息,时频分析是检测地震信号局部谱特征的重要工具。为适应实际地震信号处理,对S变换改进后得到一种新的广义S变换,用于分析和补偿地震信号的高频成分,得到了精细的地震层序识别剖面。实际资料处理表明,它对砂岩油气藏的成层特征的分析具有分辨率高和高信噪比的优点。地震信号的广义S变换时频谱分解可作为地震层序识别和解释的重要补充。 相似文献
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针对地震波地下传播过程中深层的高频成分损耗严重,导致分辨率下降的现象,而常规高分辨率处理受到局限性较高、成本高、处理周期长问题,基于EMD(经验模态分解)自适应分频的思想,提出了一种改进常规高分辨率处理的方法—基于EMD时频分析地震高分辨率处理。该方法的核心在于依据地震数据本身的时间尺度特征,使用EMD算法进行模态分解,能够在保留该数据本身的特性情况下,将地震信号自适应分解为有限个IMF(本征模态函数),分别对得到的每个IMF进行高分辨率处理,最后叠加得到高分辨率的地震数据。本方法适用于非平稳信号,无假设条件,且无需知道Q值,为解决高频补偿问题提供了一条全新的思路,理论模型测试和实际地震资料的运用表明,该方法能有效提高地震资料分辨率,在薄互层识别方面也有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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建立薄互层地震物理模型,分别从低频和高频入射时地震记录的振幅谱形态、振幅、频率特征、AVO特征等方面入手,分析了入射频率对煤系薄互层模型地震响应特征的影响。结果表明:入射频率对薄互层层数变化反映敏感,高频入射时振幅谱形态可分辨的厚度比较小,分辨率较高;振幅谱幅值以及主频值的变化与薄互层的总厚度和波长之比有关,并且随着厚度的增加其变化规律符合薄层的振幅调谐规律与频率调谐规律;入射频率不同时,AVO曲线特征也不相同,在进行薄互层资料的对比解释及AVO分析时,要充分考虑入射频率所引起的差异。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地东部地处黄土塬区,沟壑纵横、地形起伏非常大,受复杂地表条件及近地表结构等因素影响,原始地震记录的振幅、频率及相位在不同区域存在明显差异,这些差异与地下地质信息无关,容易导致解释陷入误区。因此,急需根据该区地震资料特点进行一致性处理方法研究,以提高资料保真度。在总结当前一致性处理方法的基础上,本文建立了复杂地表条件下新的地震资料一致性处理技术流程。在创新地表一致性振幅补偿思路的基础上,首次应用双域近地表Q吸收补偿技术,拓宽频带的同时,提高沟—塬连接线资料振幅、频率一致性;应用地表一致性俞氏子波反褶积,实现低频噪声的衰减及有效信号频带的拓宽,提高地震资料信噪比、分辨率的同时,进一步提高资料子波一致性。实际资料应用证实了该方法的可行性和有效性,具有良好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
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陆上地震资料的高频信息大部分由近地表层所吸收,这是造成分辨率下降的主要原因。这里从微测井资料入手,根据测井数据中由深层激发至浅层激发所得到的信号,在振幅和频率等方面的变化信息,求取近地表层吸收反滤波器算子,绘制出近地表层吸收规律曲线和吸收规律的平面图,进而对齐家北地区的近地表层吸收规律进行了分析,给出了该区近地表层的吸收规律,为下一步进行近地表层吸收补偿提供了依据。 相似文献
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Natural Hazards - The recurring flooding causes loss of life and damage to buildings and other structures, including bridges, sewerage systems, roadways and canals. It also frequently damages power... 相似文献
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Markus Bth 《Tectonophysics》1983,95(3-4)
On the basis of a newly published, revised earthquake catalogue for the Greek area, a study is made of its seismicity in terms of earthquake frequency and energy as functions of space, time and magnitude. In addition, attempts are made to estimate the maximum possible magnitudes as functions of space. The study is essentially a methodological experiment, with tectonophysical and engineering results. 相似文献
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水文变量多特征属性的频率分析,以及各种水文事件的遭遇及联合概率分布问题需要采用多变量概率分布模型解决。总结了当前应用最广泛的几种两变量概率分布模型,对各种模型的适用性和局限性做了详细分析,并介绍了一种新的两变量概率模型——Copula函数。现有模型大都基于变量之间的线性相关关系而建立,对于非线性、非对称的随机变量难以很好地描述;大部分模型假定各变量服从相同的边际分布或对变量间的相关性有严格的限定,从而限制了其应用。Copula函数所构造的两变量概率分布模型克服了现有模型的不足,它具有任意的边际分布,可以描述变量间非线性、非对称的相关关系。作为一种用于构造灵活的多变量联合分布的工具,Copula函数在水科学领域具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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频率电磁测深复电阻率含有振幅视电阻率和相位,相位既可由复电阻率的虚部和实部表示,也可通过振幅视电阻率转换得出。阐述了振幅视电阻率转换为相位的原理和计算公式。根据典型地电模型计算的振幅视电阻率曲线和相位曲线,分析了相位曲线与振幅视电阻率曲线的关系及特点。分析结果表明,相位曲线变化幅度更大,相应频率更高,可提高对地层的分辨率,加大探测地层深度。将振幅视电阻率和相位资料结合解释,可提高解释的地质效果。 相似文献
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Igor Beresnev 《Natural Hazards》2013,66(2):1287-1291
The corner frequency of the spectrum of particle acceleration in a seismic wave radiated by an earthquake source marks the transition between the low-frequency band, in which the spectrum rises as frequency squared, and the high-frequency band, in which the spectrum is flat. These two distinct bands are controlled by different characteristics of faulting. The low-frequency range is governed by the value of slip alone, while the high-frequency range is controlled by both the total slip and slip velocity. This distinction explains why inversions of geodetic and shorter-period seismic data sense different characteristics of source process and are not generally comparable. Neglect of the sensitivity of seismic data to both slip and its rate may lead to false images of the inverted slip on the fault, as these characteristics trade off with each other. A recent example of the 2011 M w 9.0 Tohoku-oki, Japan, earthquake demonstrates that the observed “frequency-dependent” variations in the rupture process over the fault plane should not be considered unique to this particular event but rather a natural consequence of the frequency-dependent inversion. 相似文献
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On the frequency distribution of turbidite thickness 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Peter J. Talling 《Sedimentology》2001,48(6):1297-1329
The frequency distribution of turbidite thickness records information on flow hydrodynamics, initial sediment volumes and source migration and is an important component of petroleum reservoir models. However, the nature of this thickness distribution is currently uncertain, with log‐normal or negative‐exponential frequency distributions and power‐law cumulative frequency distributions having been proposed by different authors. A detailed analysis of the Miocene Marnoso Arenacea Formation of the Italian Apennines shows that turbidite bed thickness and sand‐interval thickness within each bed have a frequency distribution comprising the sum of a series of log‐normal frequency distributions. These strata were deposited predominantly in a basin‐plain setting, and bed amalgamation is relatively rare. Beds or sand intervals truncated by erosion were excluded from this analysis. Each log‐normal frequency distribution characterizes bed or sand‐interval thickness for a given basal grain‐size or basal Bouma division. Measurements from the Silurian Aberystwyth Grits in Wales, the Cretaceous Great Valley Sequence in California and the Permian Karoo Basin in South Africa show that this conclusion holds for sequences of disparate age and variable location. The median thickness of these log‐normal distributions is positively correlated with basal grain‐size. The power‐law exponent relating the basal grain‐size and median thickness is different for turbidites with a basal A or B division and those with only C, D and E divisions. These two types of turbidite have been termed ‘thin bedded’ and ‘thick bedded’ by previous workers. A change in the power‐law exponent is proposed to be related to: (i) a transition from viscous to inertial settling of sediment grains; and (ii) hindered settling at high sediment concentrations. The bimodal thickness distribution of ‘thin‐bedded’ and ‘thick‐bedded’ turbidites noted by previous workers is explained as the result of a change in the power‐law exponent. This analysis supports the view that A and B divisions were deposited from high‐concentration flow components and that distinct grain‐size modes undergo different depositional processes. Summation of log‐normal frequency distributions for thin‐ and thick‐bedded turbidites produces a cumulative frequency distribution of thickness with a segmented power‐law trend. Thus, the occurrence of both log‐normal and segmented power‐law frequency distributions can be explained in a holistic fashion. Power‐law frequency distributions of turbidite thickness have previously been linked to power‐law distributions of earthquake magnitude or volumes of submarine slope failure. The log‐normal distribution for a given grain‐size class observed in this study suggests an alternative view, that turbidite thickness is determined by the multiplicative addition of several randomly distributed parameters, in addition to the settling velocity of the grain‐sizes present. 相似文献
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为提高传统频率域激电信号接收机的通用性,设计了一种可采集和处理变频信号、双频信号和伪随机多频信号等多种频率域激电信号的采集平台。该平台以STM32微控制器为核心设计硬件电路,实现低通滤波、程控放大、模数转换以及数据通信等功能;在LabVIEW中设计上位机,进行参数设置、数字滤波、频谱分析、幅值测量、求值计算等处理,得到幅频率等目标参数,并具有波形显示与回放、数据存储与查看等功能;设计了阻容网络模拟实验,3种激电法幅频率实测值与理论值绝对误差均小于0.5%。实验表明,平台能够灵活选取不同方法进行采集和处理,测量精度较高,在资源勘查以及煤矿水害探测等方面具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献