共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 448 毫秒
1.
粤西云浮含铊硫化物矿产利用对环境的影响:元素-铅同位素示踪研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对粤西云浮含铊硫化物矿渣堆放场及周边土壤剖面的铊、铅元素含量和铅同位素组成特征的研究,试图示踪土壤中原存的铊和人为影响的铊的分布状况.土壤样品采于露天的含铊硫化物工业堆渣场和一个邻近的背景土壤剖面.结果表明来自于废渣的土壤铊污染是有限的,废渣的铊主要聚集在0～16.5 cm的土壤上部且不同采样点数据变化较大,随着深度增加铊污染程度降低.由于铊和铅具有相似的地球化学行为,可以采用铅同位素示踪方法研究铊在土壤中的迁移过程. 相似文献
2.
广东某硫酸冶炼工业区土壤铊污染及评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用地累积指数法（Igeo）及富集指数法（EF）对广东某硫酸厂含铊黄铁矿冶炼废渣堆渣场周围土壤铊污染状况进行了调查和评价。结果表明,废渣周围土壤已受到了明显的土壤铊污染,铊污染物主要集中在土壤0～16．5cm范围,并且表现出沿垂直方向向下迅速降低的特点;土壤表层的铊吸附量未达到饱和状态,铊污染物将继续在土壤表层发生累积作用。Igeo与EF法对铊污染评价结果相似：废渣下伏土壤0～6cm范围铊污染达到中度污染水平,而在土壤约8．5～15cm以下为无至轻度污染水平;15cm以下没有受到土壤铊的污染;相对于下伏土壤剖面,废渣外围土壤污染更为严重,其中表层土壤0～1cm铊已经达到显著污染,土壤2～10．5cm范围内铊为中度污染,而在土壤约15cm以下铊为无至轻度污染。两种方法应用于工业区土壤铊污染水平分析是可行的,但是不能表明铊在土壤中存在状态、迁移能力以及生物有效性。 相似文献
3.
广东某硫酸冶炼工业区土壤铊污染及评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
运用地累积指数法(Igeo)及富集指数法(EF)对广东某硫酸厂含铊黄铁矿冶炼废渣堆渣场周围土壤铊污染状况进行了调查和评价。结果表明,废渣周围土壤已受到了明显的土壤铊污染,铊污染物主要集中在土壤0~165cm范围,并且表现出沿垂直方向向下迅速降低的特点;土壤表层的铊吸附量未达到饱和状态,铊污染物将继续在土壤表层发生累积作用。Igeo与EF法对铊污染评价结果相似：废渣下伏土壤0~6cm范围铊污染达到中度污染水平,而在土壤约85~15cm以下为无至轻度污染水平;15cm以下没有受到土壤铊的污染;相对于下伏土壤剖面,废渣外围土壤污染更为严重,其中表层土壤0~1cm铊已经达到显著污染,土壤2~105cm范围内铊为中度污染,而在土壤约15cm以下铊为无至轻度污染。两种方法应用于工业区土壤铊污染水平分析是可行的,但是不能表明铊在土壤中存在状态、迁移能力以及生物有效性。 相似文献
4.
广东云浮含T1硫酸冶炼堆渣场土壤T1污染的元素-Pb同位素示踪研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用元素总量和Pb同位素示踪技术对广东云浮硫酸厂含T1黄铁矿冶炼堆渣场周围土壤中T1的污染程度和迁移行为进行了研究.研究发现堆渣场周围土壤中T1污染物丰要集中于表层土壤约16.5 cm深度内,并且表现出沿垂直方向向下迅速下降的特点.堆渣场周围土壤中T1与Pb呈显著线性相关,表明自然条件下T1与Pb在土壤中的迁移相似性,并且都以横向迁移为主.堆渣场固结层周围土壤至少44 cm范围已经受到废渣中T1释放的影响,T1污染物平均下渗速率达到2.75 cm/a.酸性雨水的淋滤作用及废渣自身不断酸化的特性是废渣中T1迁移释放入土壤的主要因素,土壤铁氧化物胶体及有机质是土壤对T1产生吸附的主要载体. 相似文献
5.
通过研究两个已知隐伏矿床(新疆金窝子金矿床、内蒙古拜仁达坝—维拉斯托多金属矿床)不同介质(地气、细粒级土壤、围岩、矿石)中的铅、硫同位素特征,探讨铅、硫同位素对地气、土壤中异常物质来源的示踪,得到以下结论:(1)两矿床的介质从地气、矿石、围岩到土壤,铅同位素比值(208Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、206Pb/204Pb)一般依次增加;土壤异常区相对土壤背景区,δ34S偏高。但对两个矿床背景区、异常区地气中的铅同位素组成、土壤中的铅、硫同位素组成进行方差分析后发现,数据均没有明显的差异,从统计学的角度初步证明研究区不适宜用铅、硫同位素示踪地气、土壤中异常物质的来源。(2)两个矿床的矿石、围岩中铅同位素组成均有明显差异,即围岩中明显有放射成因铅的积累。但这种差异没有显著地反映到背景区、异常区的地气中,原因有待进一步查证。仅从捕获剂的角度初步探讨了其原因。用土壤全量中铅、硫同位素组成特征来示踪土壤异常源,并没有成功,建议采用偏提取的方法测量其中活动态中的铅、硫同位素组成,在深穿透地球化学研究中更合理。 相似文献
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7.
利用元素总量和Pb同位素示踪技术对广东云浮硫酸厂含Tl黄铁矿冶炼堆渣场周围土壤中Tl的污染程度和迁移行为进行了研究。研究发现堆渣场周围土壤中Tl污染物主要集中于表层土壤约16．5cm深度内,并且表现出沿垂直方向向下迅速下降的特点。堆渣场周围土壤中Tl与Pb呈显著线性相关,表明自然条件下田与Pb在土壤中的迁移相似性,并且都以横向迁移为主。堆渣场固结层周围土壤至少44cm范围已经受到废渣中Tl释放的影响,Tl污染物平均下渗速率达到2．75cm／a。酸性雨水的淋滤作用及废渣自身不断酸化的特性是废渣中．Tl迁移释放入土壤的主要因素,土壤铁氧化物胶体及有机质是土壤对Tl产生吸附的主要载体。 相似文献
8.
铅同位素示踪技术及其在辽宁省矿业环境评价中的应用前景 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
铅同位素示踪技术是环境地球化学中极具发展前景的研究手段之-.从是否受到污染、污染源示踪、污染程度、污染途径、污染通量、迁移速率、生物可利用性及特定物质运动规律示踪等几个方面对铅同位素示踪技术在环境科学的应用现状进行了简要回顾,并分析了该技术在辽宁省矿业环境中的应用前景. 相似文献
9.
区域成矿带铅稳定同位素地球化学研究是区域地球化学分区、示踪成岩成矿物质来源、阐明矿床成因的有效途径。本文以中国特有的大地构造背景为基础,以新生代上地幔铅同位素组成的地球化学场为依据,示踪了中国大型、超大型斑岩型铜矿床及铜镍硫化物型矿床的成岩成矿物质来源。结果显示:①斑岩型铜矿床及铜镍硫化物型矿床成矿母岩继承了所属陆块的上地幔铅同位素组成特征;②两类矿床的含矿岩体和矿石矿物铅同位素组成十分一致,示踪两者同源;壳熔花岗岩和围岩地层的铅同位素组成与矿石铅同位素组成迥异;③位于各陆块的斑岩型铜矿床及铜镍硫化物型矿床的成矿母岩和矿石铅同位素组成除继承了各陆块上地幔不同的铅同位素组成特征外,还示踪了壳幔层圈间耦合性的"块体效应",同时,上地幔铅同位素组成可能还具"延迟效应"。 相似文献
10.
城市道路尘土中重金属污染已成为当前重大的环境问题之一.本文对我国西部石河子市城区道路尘土的重金属污染进行评价,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅的含量及铅同位素组成,采用地积累指数法评价铅的污染程度.结果显示,石河子市城区道路尘土中重金属铅的含量范围为19.36 ～ 84.63 mg/kg,平均含量为37.85 mg/kg,高于当地土壤背景值,但明显低于我国其他大中型城市,表明当前石河子市的环境质量已经受到人为活动的干扰;尘土中铅的地积累指数在-0.59～1.54之间,平均值为0.30,属于轻度污染水平.利用铅同位素示踪法识别铅污染的来源,206pb/207Pb比值的范围是1.159 ～ 1.182,208 pb/207 Pb比值的范围是2.391 ～2.457,均接近于煤炭和建筑材料的铅同位素比值,初步判断石河子道路尘土的铅污染主要受到煤炭燃烧和城市建设的影响. 相似文献
11.
铅同位素用于示踪成矿物质来源已得到广泛应用,其方法主要有：模式年龄法、PbSL等时年龄法、构造模式法、Δβ-Δγ图解法以及直接对比法。其中单用模式年龄来示踪成矿物质来源已逐步淘汰,只能用通过合理模式计算的模式年龄来进行检验或佐证;铅构造模式因提出时没有考虑中国的地质问题而遭质疑;Δβ-Δγ图解法虽然考虑到中国的地质问题但仍需接受检验;而直接对比法是示踪成矿物质来源最有效、最直观的方法。此外,矿石全岩Pb-Pb等时线定年在一些矿床中应用获得成功,通过剔除系统样品中的后期干扰样品,可以使矿石全岩Pb-Pb等时线定年变得更加精确。铅同位素地球化学研究开始走向应用于化探与找矿评价,特别是运用铅同位素三维空间拓扑投影特征值V1和V2进行隐伏矿深度预测和资源量评价的铅同位素系统剖面化探方法,使铅同位素化探方法得到了新的发展。 相似文献
12.
铅同位素示踪在大气降尘重金属污染来源解析中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了分析大气降尘中铅的污染来源,解析各污染源对大气降尘铅的相对贡献值,在厦门市不同功能区采集了29个大气降尘样品。用热电质谱仪测定了大气降尘的总铅同位素组成,用ICP-MS测定样品酸可溶相铅同位素组成。结果表明,厦门市大气降尘铅同位素206Pb/207Pb值变化较大,为1.111 9~1.173 8;酸可溶相铅206Pb/207Pb值与福建土壤残渣相206Pb/207Pb值相差较大,表明厦门市大气降尘受人类活动来源铅的影响较大;酸可溶相铅206Pb/207Pb值明显小于总量铅206Pb/207Pb值。铅同位素示踪表明,厦门市大气降尘铅主要来源是燃煤,其次是自然来源和汽车尾气。三元混合模型分析表明,燃煤、自然来源、汽车尾气对厦门市大气降尘总量铅的贡献率分别为48.57%、20.29%、31.14%。 相似文献
13.
鲁西地区绿岩带金矿床铅同位素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在鲁西太古宙绿岩带中,分布有较多的绿岩带变生热液－构造蚀变岩型金矿,具有良好的找矿前景。从铅同位素组成来看,区内铅同位素变化较大,多为放射性成因铅质量分数较高的异常铅。所测同位素样品中,以黄铁矿铅同位素组成变化最大,是铅同位素在演化过程中受到放射性铀铅和钍铅不同程度混染的结果,多数样品单阶段模式年龄不具计时意义。计算表明,区内铅来源于ｕ＝９．２０,ｗ＝３７．４５,ｋ＝３．９５的源区,在５９５Ｍａ前 相似文献
14.
Sune G. Nielsen Helen M. Williams William L. Griffin Norman Pearson 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(24):7387-6704
Cratonic eclogites are inferred to originate either from subducted ocean crust or mantle melts accreted onto the roots of continents. These models have different implications for the growth of continents, but it is currently difficult to determine the origin of individual eclogite suites.Upper ocean crust altered at low temperatures and marine sediments both display high thallium (Tl) concentrations and strongly fractionated Tl isotope signatures relative to the ambient upper mantle. In this study we carry out the first examination of the suitability of Tl isotopes as a tracer for an ocean-crust origin of cratonic eclogites. We have analysed the Tl isotope composition of clinopyroxene and garnet in six eclogites from the Kaalvallei and Bellsbank kimberlite pipes in South Africa. Minerals were pre-cleaned with an HCl leaching technique and the leachates display variably light Tl isotope ratios. These most likely reflect low-temperature hydrothermal alteration occurring after eruption of the kimberlite that carried the eclogites to the surface.The leached mineral pairs all display identical Tl isotope ratios, strongly suggesting that the source of the analysed Tl is identical for each mineral pair. It is, however, not possible to exclude the possibility that the analysed Tl originates from kimberlitic material that was not removed by the cleaning procedure.Only one of the six samples exhibits a Tl isotope composition different from ambient mantle. Assuming that the Tl isotope signatures indeed represent the eclogite minerals and not any form of contamination, the Tl isotope composition in this sample is consistent with containing a minor component (<3%) of ocean crust altered at low temperatures.Thallium isotopes may become one of the most sensitive indicators for the presence of low-T altered ocean crust because of the stark contrast in Tl concentration and isotopic composition between the mantle and altered ocean crust. In fact, no other chemical or isotopic tracer could have provided an indication that any of the samples studied here had a subduction origin. However, much work is still required before it becomes clear if Tl isotope measurements are a viable means to establish the origin of cratonic eclogites. 相似文献
15.
To discriminate possible anthropogenic and lithogenic sources of Pb in Lower Silesia (SW Poland), the Pb isotope composition was investigated in a spectrum of rocks and anthropogenic materials as well as within 10 soil profiles. Silicate rocks in Lower Silesia have 206Pb/207Pb ratios that vary from 1.17 for serpentinites to 1.38 for gneisses, and this variability is reflected in the isotope composition of the mineral soil horizons. The Pb isotope composition of coals, ores and anthropogenic materials (slags and fly ashes) is rather uniform, with 206Pb/207Pb ratios ranging from 1.17 to 1.18. Similar ratios were observed in ore and coal samples from Upper Silesia. The O soil horizons also have uniform 206Pb/207Pb ratios of 1.17–1.18 and the heterogeneity of the 206Pb/207Pb ratios increases with depth in the soil profiles. Five soils, with varying Pb concentrations, analysed far from contamination centres, show consistent, approximately 2-fold enrichment in Pb concentration from the C to A horizons, which is consistent with natural re-distribution of Pb within the profiles. The increase in the Pb concentration is accompanied by a decrease in 206Pb/207Pb ratios, also attributed to natural Pb isotope fractionation. Four soil profiles from industrial areas show variable enrichments in Pb concentrations and these are attributed to anthropogenic input from air-borne pollutants or even slag particles at smelting sites. The implication is that a lithogenic Pb source can deviate from the basement rock composition, and detailed isotope characteristics of the geological background and natural enrichments in soils are often needed to determine the lithogenic/anthropogenic proportions of Pb in soils. 相似文献
16.
现代侵蚀作用核素示踪研究新进展 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
利用放射性核素示踪环境地球化学过程是国际地球科学的前缘课题。介绍了利用宇宙线成因的短寿命散落核素7Be示踪土壤季节性侵蚀及其与湖泊沉积耦合关系的最新研究进展;证实了利用核爆炸散落核素137Cs示踪累计性土壤侵蚀和沉积计年的可靠性;阐述了226Ra和228Ra在土壤中比活度的形态变化分异具有很好的侵蚀－堆积示踪价值;揭示了在不同生物化学条件下,210Pb的行为特征和影响因素,并将210Pbex示踪碳酸盐岩区域土壤侵蚀速率结果与湖泊沉积速率相耦合,证明了利用210Pb示踪土壤侵蚀的可行性。 相似文献
17.
Sune G. Nielsen Mark Rehkämper Per Andersson Peter W. Swarzenski Detlef Günther 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(8):2007-2019
The thallium (Tl) concentrations and isotope compositions of various river and estuarine waters, suspended riverine particulates and loess have been determined. These data are used to evaluate whether weathering reactions are associated with significant Tl isotope fractionation and to estimate the average Tl isotope composition of the upper continental crust as well as the mean Tl concentration and isotope composition of river water. Such parameters provide key constraints on the dissolved Tl fluxes to the oceans from rivers and mineral aerosols.The Tl isotope data for loess and suspended riverine detritus are relatively uniform with a mean of ε205Tl = −2.0 ± 0.3 (ε205Tl represents the deviation of the 205Tl/203Tl isotope ratio of a sample from NIST SRM 997 Tl in parts per 104). For waters from four major and eight smaller rivers, the majority were found to have Tl concentrations between 1 and 7 ng/kg. Most have Tl isotope compositions very similar (within ±1.5 ε205Tl) to that deduced for the upper continental crust, which indicates that no significant Tl isotope fractionation occurs during weathering. Based on these results, it is estimated that rivers have a mean natural Tl concentration and isotope composition of 6 ± 4 ng/kg and ε205Tl = −2.5 ± 1.0, respectively.In the Amazon estuary, both additions and losses of Tl were observed, and these correlate with variations in Fe and Mn contents. The changes in Tl concentrations have much lower amplitudes, however, and are not associated with significant Tl isotope effects. In the Kalix estuary, the Tl concentrations and isotope compositions can be explained by two-component mixing between river water and a high-salinity end member that is enriched in Tl relative to seawater. These results indicate that Tl can display variable behavior in estuarine systems but large additions and losses of Tl were not observed in the present study. 相似文献
18.
通过对西湖茶园的植物和土壤样品进行一系列的调查,以着力寻找茶叶的铅污染源。利用铅同位素技术对西湖茶园的土壤、茶叶和城区的燃煤、大气气溶胶、汽车尾气进行铅同位素示踪研究。研究表明,茶园土壤铅物质的可溶相具同源性和残查态偏于多源性。清洗后的茶叶铅含量显著降低,但其同位素组成不发生明显改变,显示出茶叶中的铅与叶面空气沉降物中的铅同源。不同介质铅同位素对比值平均值呈现表土、大气(气溶胶)、煤的w(206Pb)/w(207Pb)与茶叶趋于相近,汽油低之;表土、大气(气溶胶)、汽油的w(208Pb)/〔w(206Pb)+w(207Pb)〕与茶叶趋于相近,煤略高之。不同区域茶叶铅物质具同源性,与种植的农业地质背景无关。在煤燃烧、气化过程中,Pb进入大气,通过大气沉降或被茶树吸收或附着在茶叶叶面;汽车尾气的排放是茶树铅污染的重要原因之一。 相似文献