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1.
土壤中特异性微生物与重金属相互作用机制与应用研究进展 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
随着经济的发展,矿产资源的开采和利用程度越来越高,一方面发现有地表露头矿床的几率越来越小,另一方面其造成的重金属污染严重危害环境和人类健康。自然界中的微生物与扩散到环境中的重金属会产生相互作用,具有这种特异性的细菌既可应用于指示隐伏金属矿床,亦可应用于重金属污染生物修复。本文从特异性微生物与重金属相互作用微观机制、微生物找矿、重金属污染土壤的微生物修复三个方面,对其研究现状和进展进行了评述,重点对特异性微生物与重金属离子发生的吸附、累积与转化过程,微生物改变重金属元素分布、赋存状态和毒性作用机理,蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)与金的作用机制及其在寻找隐伏金矿的应用潜力,特异性微生物通过代谢产物吸附去除土壤中重金属元素及其辅助植物修复重金属污染等方面进行了介绍和阐述。 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>重金属污染对于多数微生物生长有毒害作用。但在污染环境中,往往也存在一些对重金属胁迫具高耐受性的微生物菌种,他们可用于生物修复、工业废水处理等实际应用(Bosecker,1997;Anand et al.,2006)。过去十年中,对微生物吸附重金属的研究取得了很大进展。大量研究表明,一些微生物如细菌、真菌和藻类等对重金属都有很强的吸附能力,并且对生物吸附的机理也有了一定了解(Barros et al.,2007)。近年 相似文献
3.
金属矿区土壤重金属污染的植物修复研究现状 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
受矿业活动影响,金属矿区及周边土壤重金属污染已成为严重的环境问题之一。植物修复技术是近年来发展起来的清除土壤中重金属的一种有效、经济的生态技术。重金属污染土壤植物修复技术主要有植物固定、植物挥发和植物吸收等方式,植物固定技术是利用植物阻隔土壤中重金属的迁移,而植物挥发和植物吸收则是将土壤中的重金属移除。本文系统总结了迄今在金属矿区土壤重金属污染的植物固定和植物吸收修复技术研究方面的现状与进展,包括矿区超富集植物筛选、超耐受性植物筛选、提高重金属生物有效性的高效活化剂以及降低重金属迁移能力的化学钝化剂研究等。提出了当前相关领域研究中存在的主要问题,并提出了进一步研究的主要方向。 相似文献
4.
武汉主要湖泊重金属污染的特点研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对武汉主要类型湖泊环境的金属污染现状,进行了地球化学调查。探讨了重金属污染元素在湖泊环境体系各要素(水体、底泥、生物)间的地球化学行为——重金属污染元素在湖泊水体、底泥中的分布特点,指出重金属污染元素在湖泊底泥中,主要以铁锰氧化物相和有机相形式存在。水生植物藕带对重金属元素的吸收富集具有选择性。 相似文献
5.
《上海国土资源》2018,(4)
随着城市化的推进,湖泊、河流等水系受到了不同程度的污染。底泥是水中各类污染物的主要蓄积地,底泥中各种污染物,尤其是重金属含量超标,会对水体、水生生物及人类造成严重危害。底泥中的重金属主要蓄积在表层,故水体环境一旦发生变化,底泥中的重金属便容易重新释放,造成二次污染,由此凸显了原位修复技术的优势。重金属污染底泥的原位修复技术旨在不改变污染底泥空间位置的条件下对底泥进行修复,该技术具有对原有环境影响小、成本低、不额外占用空间等优势,在未来的污染底泥修复中呈现出较大的潜力。本文对当前国内主要水系底泥的重金属污染状况以及修复技术进行分析概述,同时重点介绍底泥重金属污染的原位修复技术,并对底泥重金属污染原位修复技术的应用与发展进行展望。 相似文献
6.
党志姚谦李晓飞陈锴易筱筠卢桂宁郭楚玲 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2020,(1):1-11
酸性矿山废水(AMD)的持续输入除了增加土壤中重金属的含量和明显改变土壤理化性质外,还会导致土壤微生物群落的改变和新矿物相(黄钾铁矾、施氏矿物、金属硫化矿物等)的形成,这些都将引起重金属形态分布的变化。重金属在土壤中的形态分布决定其地球化学行为和生物可利用性,因此其形态分布变化的影响机制是矿区土壤重金属污染研究中一个重要的基础科学问题。本文从土壤组分的变化、重金属在各形态间迁移的路径和动力学等方面探讨AMD影响下矿区土壤中重金属形态分布变化的地球化学机制,以期为认识矿区土壤重金属的环境行为与重金属污染土壤修复提供理论基础。 相似文献
7.
多金属矿山环境中矿物的微生物分解及环境效应研究进展 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
多金属矿山矿物的分解不仅可以形成酸矿水,而且可释放大量有害元素,造成严重的环境污染.在矿物分解、元素释放、迁移、沉淀和富集过程中微生物起了非常重要的作用.在总结微生物分解矿物的机制、微生物-矿物界面作用及生物膜在矿物分解过程中所起的作用基础上,概述了酸矿水中微生物群落的特征和种系演化,对矿山环境金属硫化物生物氧化释放的有害元素的微生物地球化学循环过程以及重金属元素对微生物氧化作用的影响做了系统的论述并讨论了微生物在环境修复中的作用. 相似文献
8.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2020,(1)
酸性矿山废水(AMD)的持续输入除了增加土壤中重金属的含量和明显改变土壤理化性质外,还会导致土壤微生物群落的改变和新矿物相(黄钾铁矾、施氏矿物、金属硫化矿物等)的形成,这些都将引起重金属形态分布的变化。重金属在土壤中的形态分布决定其地球化学行为和生物可利用性,因此其形态分布变化的影响机制是矿区土壤重金属污染研究中一个重要的基础科学问题。本文从土壤组分的变化、重金属在各形态间迁移的路径和动力学等方面探讨AMD影响下矿区土壤中重金属形态分布变化的地球化学机制,以期为认识矿区土壤重金属的环境行为与重金属污染土壤修复提供理论基础。 相似文献
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Biotechnological advances in bioremediation of heavy metals contaminated ecosystems: an overview with special reference to phytoremediation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
D. Mani Chitranjan Kumar 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(3):843-872
The ability of heavy metals bioaccumulation to cause toxicity in biological systems—human, animals, microorganisms and plants—is an important issue for environmental health and safety. Recent biotechnological approaches for bioremediation include biomineralization (mineral synthesis by living organisms or biomaterials), biosorption (dead microbial and renewable agricultural biomass), phytostabilization (immobilization in plant roots), hyperaccumulation (exceptional metal concentration in plant shoots), dendroremediation (growing trees in polluted soils), biostimulation (stimulating living microbial population), rhizoremediation (plant and microbe), mycoremediation (stimulating living fungi/mycelial ultrafiltration), cyanoremediation (stimulating algal mass for remediation) and genoremediation (stimulating gene for remediation process). The adequate restoration of the environment requires cooperation, integration and assimilation of such biotechnological advances along with traditional and ethical wisdom to unravel the mystery of nature in the emerging field of bioremediation. This review highlights better understanding of the problems associated with the toxicity of heavy metals to the contaminated ecosystems and their viable, sustainable and eco-friendly bioremediation technologies, especially the mechanisms of phytoremediation of heavy metals along with some case studies in India and abroad. However, the challenges (biosafety assessment and genetic pollution) involved in adopting the new initiatives for cleaning-up the heavy metals-contaminated ecosystems from both ecological and greener point of view must not be ignored. 相似文献
12.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
Mineral–microbe interactions indirectly affect the geochemical fluxes and biogeochemical cycling of a large number of elements. Among them are toxic heavy metals (e.g. chromium), radionuclides (uranium and technetium), and nitrogen. Heavy metals and radionuclides enter the environment from various sources such as mining activity, nuclear weapons production, metallurgical and chemical industries. Other metals, such as lead, arsenic, antimony, and cadmium, are enriched in certain environments by either natural or anthropogenic processes. Because many of these metals and radionuclides are carcinogens, their release into the environment and their fate cause intense scientific and public concern and are the subject of substantial research. Nitrate enters the environment largely through agricultural activity. Human health risks from nitrate uptake from drinking water supplies run the gamut from increased cancer risk to birth defects. 相似文献
13.
Present strategies for the long-term disposal of high-level nuclear wastes are based on the construction of repositories hundreds of meters below the earth surface. Although the surrounding host-rocks are relatively isolated from the light at the earth surface they are by no means lifeless. Microorganisms rule the deep part of the biosphere and it is well established that their activity can alter chemical and physical properties of these environments. Microbial processes can directly and indirectly affect radionuclide migration in multiple ways. Within 6th FP IP FUNMIG the interplay between microbial biofilms and radionuclides and the effect of microbially induced redox transformations of Fe on radionuclide mobility have been investigated. For the first time, formation of U(V) as a consequence of microbial U(VI) reduction in a multi-species biofilm was detected in vivo by combining laser fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that addition of U(VI) can lead to increased respiratory activity in a biofilm. Increased respiration in a biofilm can create microenvironments with lower redox potential, and hence induce reduction of radionuclides. Transient mobilization of U was observed in experiments with Fe oxides containing adsorbed U(VI) in which the activity of SO4-reducing organisms was mimicked by sulfide addition. Faster reaction of sulfide with Fe oxides compared to U(VI) reduction, and decreasing U(VI) adsorption due to the transformation of Fe oxides into FeS can explain the observed intermittent U mobilization. The presented research on microbe-radionuclide interactions performed within FUNMIG addresses only a few aspects of the potential role of microorganisms in the performance assessment of nuclear waste repositories. For this reason, additionally, this article provides a cursory overview of microbial processes which were not studied within the FUNMIG project but are relevant in the context of performance assessment. The following aspects are presented: (a) the occurrence and metabolic activity of microorganisms of several proposed types of host-rocks, (b) the potential importance of microorganisms in the near-field of nuclear waste repositories, (c) indirect effects of microbial processes on radionuclide mobility in the repository far-field, (d) binding of radionuclides to microbial biomass, (e) microbial redox transformations of radionuclides, and (f) the implementation of microbial processes in reactive transport models for radionuclide migration. 相似文献
14.
Micro-spectroscopic investigations of highly heterogeneous waste repository materials 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A.M. Scheidegger D. Grolimund C.R. Cheeseman R.D. Rogers 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):59
Assuring safe disposal and long-term storage of radioactive and toxic wastes corresponds to a primary environmental task of present societies. To improve any technical limitation, a mechanistic understanding of the processes governing the binding of heavy metals and radionuclides is required. In this study, the significance of synchrotron-based X-ray microprobes for elucidating the spatial distribution and the speciation of radionuclides in highly heterogeneous waste repository materials will be outlined. A case study on the uptake process of Co in cementitious engineered barrier materials exposed to microbial degradation will be presented. 相似文献
15.
地浸采铀技术已成为世界采铀的主流工艺,采区退役后地下水环境修复亦为人们所关注的热点。文章简要介绍了碱法、中性和酸法三种典型地浸采铀技术的特点,系统分析了地浸采铀对地下水环境的影响,并以酸法地浸铀矿山地下水环境修复技术为例,重点介绍了物理化学修复技术和生物修复技术及其原理与应用,归纳总结了其优缺点,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。指出下一步应加强在酸性与氧化环境中能使铀固定并长期稳定的新技术,高活性、强适应性修复菌群的选育、驯化技术,地下水异位-原位协同生物修复技术,以及放射性核素及重金属在铀矿地浸地下水环境中的吸附-解吸、氧化-还原、溶解-沉淀等行为与机理及其主控因素等方面的研究。 相似文献
16.
放射性核素在地下介质中迁移机理与模型研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
介绍了铀尾矿库的物理、化学概念模型和其中重金属、放射性核素迁移的一般过程 ;论述了沉淀作用、络合作用和胶体作用对放射性核素迁移的影响 ;重点讨论了描述吸附作用的离子交换模型和表面络合模型的建模机理 ;对定量模拟放射性核素迁移行为的 Kd模型、表面络合模型及“反应 -运移模型”的应用进行了评述。 相似文献
17.
Hydrochemical monitoring and heavy metal speciation by sequential extraction techniques indicate direct relationships among enrichment of the heavy metals (copper, lead, zinc, iron, manganese, and cadmium), soil acidification, and salinization in Kedron Brook floodplain area of Brisbane, Australia. Assessment of modes of occurrence and distribution pattern of the heavy metals in soil, sediment, and water environments of this coastal plain indicates that the total concentrations and reactive fractions of these metals are elevated in soil and channel bed sediments. Such geochemical signatures reflect the complex influence of sources and a combination of natural and anthropogenic processes on concentration and dispersion within the coastal zone. According to a working model presented, the enrichment of the heavy metals, like cadmium, in the soil and sediment profiles is triggered by capillary pumping during low groundwater standing levels, when the metals are in a stable form associated with dry gels. During higher groundwater levels and occasional flood events, these metals become mobilized when the gel material is transformed into soluble colloidal phase.This study indicates that the potential impacts of heavy metal pollution on the coastal ecosystems can not be assessed and managed in isolation solely by considering the natural cause-effect relationships. The complex nature of sediment-soil-water interactions in the coastal hydrodynamic zones can produce a manifold of effects, including mobilization, concentration, and/or dispersion of heavy metals at both short and longer time scales. In the case of Kedron Brook, chemical erosion due to variation in natural climatic and hydrodynamic conditions contributes significantly to concentration of heavy metals in the coastal environments. Therefore, a sound understanding of the prevailing hydrogeochemical processes is essential for prediction of the fate of heavy metals and establishment of meaningful coastal zone management strategies. 相似文献
18.
This paper examines the effects of heavy metals on microorganisms in the aqueous environment; the mechanisms by which metals may exert toxic effects on microbes and the factors affecting microbial response to metals; the ways in which microbial activity may alter the metal balance of an environment and the modifications produced in microbes by heavy metal ions; the effects of the toxic copper ion on the growth, respiration, magnesium content, cytochrome synthesis and osmotic sensitivity of some organisms studied in the laboratory; and the feasibility of the participation of microbes in geochemical processes considering the demonstrable resistance to toxic metals by some bacteria and the fact that natural environments may contain high levels of metals rendered less toxic by binding to natural chelating compounds.
Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit werden verschiedene Wirkungen von Schwermetallen auf Mikroorganismen in wäßrigem Milieu untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, daß Schwermetalle toxische Wirkungen auf Mikroorganismen ausüben können und welche Faktoren die Reaktionen von Mikroben gegenüber Metallen bestimmen. Weiter wird beschrieben, wie die Mikrobenaktivität das Metallgleichgewicht in einem gegebenen Milieu verändern und beeinflussen kann und wie andererseits Änderungen in den Mikroben selbst durch Schwermetall-Ionen hervorgerufen werden. Dabei wird besonders die Wirkung des toxischen Kupfer-Ions auf das Wachstum, die Atmung, den Magnesiumgehalt, die Cytochromsynthese und die osmotische Empfindlichkeit einiger Mikroorganismen dargestellt. Die Anwesenheit von Mikroben bei geochemischen Prozessen wird unter Berücksichtigung der Resistenz einiger Bakterien gegenüber toxischen Metall-Ionen diskutiert. Dabei spielt die Tatsache eine große Rolle, daß durch Chelatbildung die Schwermetall-Ionen in der natürlichen Umwelt der Mikroorganismen ihre toxische Wirkung verlieren.相似文献
19.
Kazue TAZAKI Hiroaki WATANABE Siti Khodijah CHAERUN Koichi SHIRAKI Ryuji ASADA 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(3):432-440
Pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons, in particular oil spills, has attracted much attention in the past and recent decades. Oil spills influence natural microbial community, and physical and chemical properties of the affected sites. The biodegradation of hydrocarbons by microorganisms is one of the primary ways by which oil spill is eliminated from contaminated sites. One such spill was that of the Russian tanker the Nakhodka that spilled heavy oil into the Sea of Japan on January 2, 1997. The impact of the Nakhodka oil spill resulted in a viscous sticky fluid fouling the shores and affected natural ecosystems. This paper describes the weathering of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria （genus Pseudomonas） and crystallized organic compounds from the Nakhodka oil spill-polluted seashores after nine years. The Nakhodka oil has hardened and formed crust of crystalline paraffin wax as shown by XRD analysis （0.422, 0.377, and 0.250 nm d-spacing） in association with graphite and calcite after 9 years of bioremediation. Anaerobic reverse side of the oil crust contained numerous coccus typed bacteria associated with halite. The finding of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and paraffin wax in the oil crust may have a significant effect on the weathering processes of the Nakhodka oil spill during the 9- year bioremediation. 相似文献
20.
Comparative plant growth promoting traits and distribution of rhizobacteria associated with heavy metals in contaminated soils 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
M. R. Melo N. R. Flores S. V. Murrieta A. R. Tovar A. G. Zúñiga O. F. Hernández A. P. Mendoza N. O. Pérez A. R. Dorantes 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(4):807-816
The heavy metals at high concentration are generally toxic to the plants for their metabolism and growth; therefore, interactions among metals, rhizosphere microbes and plants have attracted attention because of the biotechnological potential of microorganisms for metal removal directly from contaminated soils or the possible transference of them to the plants. The aim of this study was to compare the relationships between the physiological in vitro characteristics of rhizobacteria isolated from plant metal accumulators and their distribution relating with the heavy metals content in contaminated soils. The results of this study showed that the heavy metals present in the rhizosphere of the plant species analyzed, decrease the microbial biomass and content of heavy metals caused a different distribution of rhizobacteria found. Gram negative rhizobacteria (90 %) and gram positive rhizobacteria (10 %) were isolated; all of them are metal-resistant rhizobacteria and 50 % of the isolated rhizobacteria possess both traits: higher indol acetic acid and siderophore producers. The inoculation with these rhizosphere microorganisms that possess metal-tolerating ability and plant growth promoting activities, can be recommended with a practical importance for both metal-contaminated environment and plant growth promotion. 相似文献