共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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探讨了有关自动气象站建设初期的技术保障机构和运行机制,保证其正常运行以及在建设过程中应注意的问题.对自动气象站初期的基础设施建设、通信传输、设备的计量以及使自动气象站有效运行提出了一些实用的方案. 相似文献
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中国区域自动气象站运行监控系统建设 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
区域自动气象站运行监控系统是保障观测网稳定、可靠运行的实时业务系统.系统基于多线程分布式数据处理技术,采用两级部署、多级应用、多方共享的模式,有效利用互联网和中国气象局局域网的优势,实现了对我国区域自动气象站、加密自动气象站及暴雨监测站运行状态、探测数据质量状况、设备维护维修状况以及观测站网的实时监控与保障.从系统的逻辑架构、技术架构、系统建设的主要技术路线、系统实现的主要功能以及系统建设中所采用的关键技术等方面介绍了中国区域自动气象站运行监控系统的建设情况. 相似文献
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自动气象站业务运行中的几点注意事项 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
随着气象现代化建设的不断推进,自动气象站已成为各级气象台站的主要观测方式,但在自动气象站的业务运行时,需要注意参数设置,采集器时钟的校对,自动站数据文件的备份,以及自动气象站报文回执检查等事项,处理好了这些注意事项,可以保证自动气象站业务的正常运行,提高自动气象站的测报质量. 相似文献
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该文从完整性、准确性、可靠性3个方面设计了自动气象站数据质量评估的流程,并对北京地区187个自动气象站1998—2009年逐时气温资料进行了质量评估。结果显示:北京地区自动气象站建设初期重点兼顾城区和山区的布设策略,为北京区域气候研究提供了较好的基础;北京地区正常运行的自动气象站发生中度和重度缺测的站点相对较少,离散和轻度连续的缺测较集中,具有较好的区域一致性;错误发生率最高为3.8%,大多数年份错误发生率均在1%以下,可见自动气象站错误数据相对较少;尽管可疑数据涉及的站点相对较多,但经空间一致性检查后,有超过50%可归并为正确数据。评估分析结果表明:北京地区自动气象站数据具有一定的准确性和可靠性,具有较强的应用潜力和前景。 相似文献
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作为“大气监测自动化系统工程”建设项目的重要组成部分,“地面气象观测网分系统”项目是2001年12月正式启动的,通过地面气象观测网的自动化建设及站网、监测项目的合理调整,最终建立一个在空间分布与探测时间密度都较为合理的、现代化程度较高的地面气象观测网。(1)项目建设概况截止至2004年底,全部共建设完成1698个自动站,其中利用国家投资(含大监项目、雷达项目、西部人影项目)1187个,省局自筹资金511个,所有自动站已全部投入业务运行,其中部分自动站已经进入单轨运行,并通过各省的通信路线进行联网发报,通过9210气象卫星通信网进行上行传输。(2)全区自动站建设与运行情况广西自动站建设从2002年开始,历经3年时间,已累计建成各类自动站55个,在气象业务的运行中体现了现代化技术装备的优势。南宁市吴圩自动站于2003年1月1日开始投入双轨业务运行,并于2005年1月1日开始进入单轨业务运行;后期建设的23个国家基准基本站及15个雷达校准站也于2004年1月1日起开始投入双轨业务运行。39个站均按照新版《地面气象观测规范》及有关技术规定运行,其业务质量同时参加质量考核,并列入年度工作目标。2004年8月开始在区气象台网络中心组建自动站中心站,中心站数据服务器及前置通讯处理机放在区气象台网络中心,从2004年9月5日开始,全区39个自动站均须将小时观测数据自动上传至自动站中心站,实现了全区自动站小时观测数据的共享。自动站的监控、维护保障、标校检定由区装备中心承担。一年多以来通过电话支持以及下台站的方式,为台站排除了许多故障,为广西自动站的正常稳定运行做了大量工作。目前各自动站运行情况正常,雷击及供电情况不稳定对自动站的运行影响最大。(3)中尺度自动站组网建设展望根据中国气象局大气监测自动化系统建设规划,按照中国气象局对重点工程建设实行“矩阵式管理、七巧板战略”的建设思路,采取统筹规划、统一布局、统一要求、分步实施、数据共享的基本原则,力争用3年的时间,全区共建设约500多个自动气象站,形成一个间距20km左右,密度适宜、布局合理和自动化程度较高的中尺度地面自动气象观测站网。实现观测时间密度最小为每10分钟一次,一般情况下,每小时发送一次观测资料。2004年完成14个4要素自动气象站、42个2要素自动气象站和区气象台自动气象站中心站建设。2005年完成55个4要素自动气象站、4个5要素自动气象站和124个2要素自动气象站的建设。2006年完成50个4要素自动气象站、2个7要素自动气象站和120个2要素自动气象站的建设。 相似文献
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由于自动气象站安装在野外地区,以及自动气象站微电子装置的脆弱性,很容易遭受雷电损害。尤其是自动气象站作为一种集合了传感器、数据采集及处理,数据通信技术的自动化电子设备,其抵御雷电损害的脆弱性是不言而喻的,加上自动站安装运行在严酷的环境下以及与市电、通信网络的联系,更增加了遭受雷电损害的危险性。因此,预防雷电损害是自动气象站网可靠性设计极其重要的部分。 相似文献
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从长江三峡坝区及宜昌市自动气象站网建设与运行实践出发,指出了自动气象站地址的选择原则与方法．从资料信息传输流程设计、实时数据文件发布方式、资料处理及存档等三个方面探讨了自动站实时气象资料的共享问题,最后对自动气象站保障与维护中应注意的3个问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
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Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. Terence Meaden S. Kochev L. Kolendowicz A. Kosa-Kiss Izolda Marcinoniene Michalis Sioutas Heino Tooming John Tyrrell 《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):446-449
2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness. 相似文献
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准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。 相似文献
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Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献
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The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features. 相似文献
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由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张德二 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(2):126-130
2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡. 相似文献
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流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献