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宁波地震台ZK03井水温异常与8级及以上地震的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过近5年时间的观测,发现宁波台ZK03井水温测值变化具有一定的规律性。即在没有明显地震活动和干扰背景下,测值呈缓慢平稳趋势性上升,日波动值仅为仪器的短期稳定性值。虽然没有对应本学科认为的预报效能范围内的地震发生,但地球上发生的共6次8级及以上地震前,该井水温测值都有较明显的异常现象出现。除印尼8.7、8.5级地震前可能有中、短、临异常出现外,其它4次都表现为临震异常。异常主要表现形式为脉冲式向上突跳或阶跃式变化,最大异常量可达日均正常上升速率的数倍至数千倍。水温异常出现的可能原因是由于地震前的长周期波通过上地幔或软流层传播,间接地导致了地下流体温度发生了微小的变化,被高精度的测温仪记录下来。 相似文献
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宁波ZK03井水温异常与昆仑山口西8.1级地震的关系 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
通过分析宁波台ZK03井的基本观测条件、所使用的仪器设备以及对其日均值、整点值的探讨，认为该井水温异常很可能与昆仑山口西8．1级地震有关系。从日均值图上看，异常出现在震前10天左右，最大异常量为正常速率的负20倍；从整点值图上看，震前10天开始在34个小时内测值下降了0．001℃，是正常速率的负18倍。异常出现原因可能是由于地震前的长周期波通过上地幔或软流层传播，间接地导致了地下流体温度发生了微小的变化。 相似文献
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宁波台矿泉井水温异常与萨尔瓦多8.0级地震的关系 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
2001年1月9日起开始宁波台矿泉井井水温度出现异常，通过检查、分析后认为很可能与萨尔瓦多8.0级地震有关系。从日均值图上看，异常在震前6天开始出现，至震前1天达到最大，表现为打破正常的波动规律，呈负异常；从整点测值图看，主要是震前36小时出现负阶跃。分析认为出现的水温异常可能是一种地震前的长周期波通过上地幔或软流层传播而至，间接地影响地下流体发生微小的温度变化。 相似文献
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本文较为系统地分析了青海省玉树与德令哈二口地热观测井自2007年以来的水温观测数据,发现这两口井对2008年5月12日四川汶川MS8.0级和2010年4月14日青海玉树MS7.1级地震前均有较明显的前兆异常,此外某些强地震前也有类似的异常信息.进一步对每口井的水温异常信息(诸如异常幅度、持续时间)进行了定量分析,以及每口井对应不同地震的异常曲线形态对比、异常数据的相关性分析,得出这两口井在不同地震前的水温异常形态表现出高度相似性;通过对这些曲线形态的认识与分析,为今后利用水温数据进行经验预报地震的探索开辟一条新路径.另外得出玉树井水温异常的幅度随震级与震中距的不同呈规律性变化,具体表现在震级越大、井震距越小,对应的异常幅度越大、异常持续时间也越长,且玉树井的异常主要是中长周期的异常,这种特性对利用水温异常特征判断未来地震的强度有重要意义;德令哈井则呈现出短临异常特性十分明显的特点,这种特性对利用该井水温数据来判断发震时间有着重要意义. 相似文献
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ZK03井水温异常与印尼8.7级地震的关系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
分析认为该井水温出现的中、短、临异常可能与印尼8.7级地震有关.年日均值图显示,中期异常出现在震前11个月左右,表现为脉冲式向上突跳及阶跃式上升,最大异常量为日均正常上升速率的84倍;中短期异常出现在震前4个月和1个月,最大异常量为正常日均波动值的274倍;临震异常出现在震前的第9天,震前25小时达到最高值,最大异常量为正常日均波动值的2.5倍.水温异常出现的原因可能是由于地震前的长周期波通过上地幔或软流层传播,间接地导致了地下流体温度发生了微小的变化. 相似文献
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1 研究背景及内容
地下流体是地壳中的活跃介质.地下流体中水温的微小变化,可能反映了地震孕育过程中地壳构造活动引起的热状态变化.在地震监测预测多年实践中,水温成为一项重要的短临异常指标.
自1975年观测以来,理塘毛垭温泉测项积累了大量震例,且针对水温异常变化与地震的关系已有部分研究,但对理塘水温在7级地震发生前异常变化规律性总结的研究较少,且对理塘水温观测数据的预报效能缺乏系统检验. 相似文献
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宁波地震台ZK03井水温异常与日本北海道8.0级地震的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
邱永平 《地震地磁观测与研究》2004,25(6):49-54
分析认为宁波地震台ZK03井水温出现的异常很可能与日本北海道8．O地震有关。年日均值图显示,异常出现在震前17天左右,表现为脉冲式向上突跳,最大异常量为正常波动速率的2246倍;从月整点值图上看,9月9日8时开始出现异常,5个小时后达到最大值,超过正常日均波动值的3676倍;从分钟值图上看,异常出现在9日约7时20分,同日12时左右达到最大,是正常日均波动值的3736倍。异常出现的原因可能是由于地震前的长周期波通过上地幔或软流层传播,间接地导致了地下流体温度发生了微小的变化。 相似文献
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对山西地区水井观测网水位、水温测项在汶川8.0和日本9.0级地震前后的资料进行对比分析,结果显示,同一地震各观测井水位、水温测项变化形态不尽相同,表明同一地震对不同观测井造成的响应特征亦不相同;对比两次地震各观测井的响应特征,发现具有不固定的变化模式,可能与各观测井所处地质构造、水文地质条件及观测含水层深度及地震类型有关. 相似文献
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１９９０年乌苏５．２级地震是北天山地区地下流体观测网改造以来，发生在监视区内的第一次中强地震。地震前出现了大面积、多井孔的地下流体异常，显示出了异常在空间上的一些变化。（１）震前异常形态复杂多样。由于不同的观测井其水文地质条件、水文地球化学环境以及观测参数本身的物理化学性质不同，表现出的异常形态也各不相同。另外，异常井孔的受力方式和受力性质的不同也是形成不同异常形态的重要原因。（２）位于震中区的观测井出现异常的比例显著高于外围地区；震中区异常出现时间较晚，外围地区异常出现较早，表现出异常从外围向震中迁移的变化图像。（３）与地震震中处于同一构造带的观测井（泉）容易受到震源应力的牵动和影响，出现异常的可能性大。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献