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1.
Summary The paper describes theoretical andin situ studies of tunnel deformation in longwall coal mining. It develops a method to predict tunnel convergence profiles from the faceline in longwall mining. The method accounts for the effect of panel width, extracted seam height, deformation moduli of the goaf material and coal pillar, depth of cover,in situ structural defects, tunnel shape and tunnel size in addition to the strength characteristics of surrounding strata. The analytical technique has been validated by reference toin-situ deformation measurements in 26 face-access tunnels in Cape Breton Coalfield mines. Based on this method a series of vertical convergence profiles for different depths and extracted panel widths have been presented. 相似文献
2.
Numerical Investigation of the Dynamic Mechanical State of a Coal Pillar During Longwall Mining Panel Extraction 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Hongwei Wang Yaodong Jiang Yixin Zhao Jie Zhu Shuai Liu 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(5):1211-1221
This study presents a numerical investigation on the dynamic mechanical state of a coal pillar and the assessment of the coal bump risk during extraction using the longwall mining method. The present research indicates that there is an intact core, even when the peak pillar strength has been exceeded under uniaxial compression. This central portion of the coal pillar plays a significant role in its loading capacity. In this study, the intact core of the coal pillar is defined as an elastic core. Based on the geological conditions of a typical longwall panel from the Tangshan coal mine in the City of Tangshan, China, a numerical fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions (FLAC3D) model was created to understand the relationship between the volume of the elastic core in a coal pillar and the vertical stress, which is considered to be an important precursor to the development of a coal bump. The numerical results suggest that, the wider the coal pillar, the greater the volume of the elastic core. Therefore, a coal pillar with large width may form a large elastic core as the panel is mined, and the vertical stress is expected to be greater in magnitude. Because of the high stresses and the associated stored elastic energy, the risk of coal bumps in a coal pillar with large width is greater than for a coal pillar with small width. The results of the model also predict that the peak abutment stress occurs near the intersection between the mining face and the roadways at a distance of 7.5 m from the mining face. It is revealed that the bump-prone zones around the longwall panel are within 7–10 m ahead of the mining face and near the edge of the roadway during panel extraction. 相似文献
3.
Borehole stress monitoring analysis on advanced abutment pressure induced by Longwall Mining 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nong Zhang Nianchao Zhang Changliang Han Deyu Qian Fei Xue 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(2):457-463
The paper presented the research on the dynamic advanced abutment stress induced by longwall mining with borehole stress meters on mining side coal mass. Twenty vibrating wire borehole stress meters were installed into the extracting coal mass wall of a first mining roadway of 910 m depth in Zhuji Coal Mine, China, and were used to monitor dynamic changes in vertical and horizontal stresses. Three months of continuous monitoring and further analysis showed that the impacting distance of advanced abutment stress induced by mining in the strike of the working face along its central axis was the farthest, greater than 250 m (the face length is 220 m); it gradually decreased in the radial direction of the face from its central axis outward; the pressure peak was located within 24 m in the front of the mining coal wall; non-synchronous caving of the layered mudstone roof at the stope occurred. Comparison between vertical and horizontal stress increments indicated that the horizontal stress was much smaller than the vertical stress in the coal mass of mining side, while the latter’s magnitude determined the drastic degree of mine pressure manifestation. The study has been applied to determine the advanced support length of the working face and further provide a reliable basis to forecast such dynamic disasters as rock burst, coal and gas outburst, etc., as well as to design the asymmetric supports on both sides of a gateway. 相似文献
4.
Summary The demand for increased productivity and the problems associated with mining at greater depths have increased the interest in using the yield pillar concept in the United States. This paper summarizes chain pillar behaviour in a mine that historically experienced coal bumps in both room-and-pillar and longwall sections. Results indicate that, generally, the chain pillars yield as designed, but that yielding occurred either after development or with approach of the longwall face. The Bureau of Mines investigated several yield pillar design approaches to possibly explain observed differences in pillar behaviour. These approaches suggest that very localized conditions, such as coal and rock properties, cover depth, and extraction height, may influence the behaviour of any one pillar. At this mine, yielding chain pillars result in de-stressing of the longwall entries and the transfer of potentially dangerous stress concentrations to adjacent panels. Pre-longwall-mining behaviour indicates the existence of a pressure arch, the width of which increases with depth. Results indicate that use of yield pillars improves stress control, reduces bump potential, and increases resource recovery. 相似文献
5.
Most coal mines in China use the longwall mining system. High stresses are frequently encountered around development entries at deep mines. This paper presents an alternate longwall mining layout for thick coal seams to minimize ground control problems. In a conventional longwall panel layout, development entries on both ends of the panel are located along the floor, and a coal pillar (chain pillar) is left between adjacent panels to ensure stability. Gateroads on either end of a longwall panel using the layout proposed in this paper are located at different vertical levels within a thick coal seam or in a geologically split coal seam for improved stability. The headgate entry/ies are driven along the floor while the tailgate entry/ies are driven along the roof. Therefore, a longwall face has a gradually elevated or curved section on one end of the panel. For the adjacent panel, the development entry may be located directly below the development entry of the previous panel or may be offset horizontally with respect to it. Based on physical and numerical modeling approaches, it is demonstrated that the stress environment for development entries employing the longwall layout is significantly improved; ground control problems are therefore minimized. 相似文献
6.
Hamid Mohammadi Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi Farsangi Hossein Jalalifar Ali Reza Ahmadi 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2016,49(1):303-314
In this paper a geometric computational model (GCM) has been developed for calculating the effect of longwall face on the extension of excavation-damaged zone (EDZ) above the gate roadways (main and tail gates), considering the advance longwall mining method. In this model, the stability of gate roadways are investigated based on loading effects due to EDZ and caving zone (CZ) above the longwall face, which can extend the EDZ size. The structure of GCM depends on four important factors: (1) geomechanical properties of hanging wall, (2) dip and thickness of coal seam, (3) CZ characteristics, and (4) pillar width. The investigations demonstrated that the extension of EDZ is a function of pillar width. Considering the effect of pillar width, new mathematical relationships were presented to calculate the face influence coefficient and characteristics of extended EDZ. Furthermore, taking GCM into account, a computational algorithm for stability analysis of gate roadways was suggested. Validation was carried out through instrumentation and monitoring results of a longwall face at Parvade-2 coal mine in Tabas, Iran, demonstrating good agreement between the new model and measured results. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was carried out on the effect of pillar width, bearing capacity of support system and coal seam dip. 相似文献
7.
Some villages and bridges are located on the ground surface of the working district no. 7 in the Wanglou Coal Mine. If longwall mining is adopted, the maximum deformation of the ground surface will exceed the safety value. Strip mining is employed for the working district no. 7 which is widely used to reduce surface subsidence and the consequent damage of buildings on the ground surface. To ensure the safety of coal pillars and improve the recovery coefficient, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation (FLAC 3D) were adopted to determine the coal pillar and mining widths and to discuss the coal pillar stress distribution and surface subsidence for different mining scenarios. The results revealed that the width of coal pillars should be larger than 162 m, and the optimized mining width varies from 150 to 260 m. As the coal seam is exploited, vertical stress is mainly applied on the coal pillar, inducing stress changes on its ribs. The coefficient of mining-induced stress varies from 2.02 to 2.62 for different mining scenarios. The maximum surface subsidence and horizontal movement increase as the mining width increases. However, when the mining width increases to a certain value, increasing the pillar width cannot significantly decrease the maximum subsidence. To ensure the surface subsidence less than 500 mm, the mining width should not be larger than 200 m. Considering the recovery coefficient and safety of the coal pillar, a pillar width of 165 m is suggested. 相似文献
8.
屈服矿柱渐进破坏及应力分布数值模拟 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
王学滨 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(2):50-56
采用拉格朗日元法,在矿柱端面上不存在水平方向摩擦力条件下,模拟了屈服矿柱的剪切带图案、渐进破坏特征、水平应力及垂直应力分布及演变。在弹性阶段,煤的本构关系为线弹性。峰值强度后煤的本构模型取为莫尔库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的应变软化模型。数值计算结果表明,矿柱具有渐进破坏特征。破坏首先以剪切带的形式发生在矿柱的4个角上。然后,矿柱两帮的剪切带逐渐向矿柱内部发展,形成两套剪切带网络,直到两套网络重叠,并进一步演化。倾斜的剪切带多次穿透矿柱。当矿柱处于峰值强度后,矿柱水平及垂直应力分布曲面已经变得凹凸不平。凹陷、凸起区分别对应剪切带中心及边缘。矿柱中部的水平应力较边缘大。因此,其边缘的强度较中心低。严格地讲,水平及垂直应力的分布不是单调的,呈现锯齿型。其原因是矿柱发生了条带状局部破坏。矿柱承载能力的不均匀性由矿柱水平应力的不均匀性所决定。 相似文献
9.
为解决超长工作面过大断面空巷极易发生片帮和大面积冒顶等难题,以晋城成庄矿某超长工作面为背景,建立大断面空巷的三维模型,将工作面顶板划分为煤柱顶板、空巷顶板和待采区顶板3部分。通过理论分析,推导了煤柱失稳的判据,并利用FLAC3D数值模拟分析了大断面空巷顶板应力演化过程。结果表明:煤柱宽度W≤40 m时,工作面超前支承应力与空巷超前支承应力在煤柱上叠加,煤柱开始发生塑性变形;W≤10 m时,煤柱顶板应力逐渐达到峰值16.6 MPa,煤柱发生破坏并失去承载能力,工作面超前支承应力向待采区转移,空巷顶板应力达到峰值12.7 MPa。根据空巷顶板应力演化规律,确定高水材料充填支柱支护的合理强度及空巷两帮煤壁注浆加固的时机,辅以空巷锚索梁补强,提出了大断面空巷综合治理措施,现场应用效果良好。 相似文献
10.
沈阳红菱煤矿地应力测量 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了了解红菱煤矿地应力状态和分布特征, 采用空芯包体应力解除法进行了地应力实测工作, 获得了该矿区3个水平3个测点的三维地应力状态。实测表明:该区地应力以水平构造压应力为主导, 三个测点的最大主应力均为NNE向, 最大主应力在18.32~21.5MPa之间, 最大主应力的大小是随深度的增加而增加的。中间主应力为铅直应力, 在13.1~14.79MPa之间。最小主应力在9.54~13.08MPa之间。测量结果可用于本矿区的生产设计, 并作为煤与瓦斯突出等矿山灾害评价的参考资料。 相似文献
11.
De-zhong Kong Wei Jiang Yi Chen Zheng-yang Song Zhenqian Ma 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(8):185
Low recovery of longwall top coal caving (LTCC) remains one of the most difficult engineering problems in this mining method and impedes its application. The top coal left in the gob at face end accounts for a large portion of the total coal loss, and the instability of the leftover triangle coal at face end has long been a threat to the safety of miners and the mining equipment. In this paper, based on the engineering background of Ruilong mine, we explore the stability of the roof at the end of the face by using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field measurement. Results reveal that in the inclined longwall top coal caving face, the immediate roof forms an “arch” structure, and the basic roof forms a “masonry beam” structure after the roof collapses; working resistance of the support calculated by the method of ultimate bearing capacity was adequate to meet the requirement of roof load; roof load of coal pillar was related to the length of key block and fracture position; and increasing the size of coal pillar could ensure the stability of both coal pillar and roof. 相似文献
12.
随着我国煤炭资源去产能整合煤矿的增多,复采工作面临空窄煤柱采动失稳问题日益凸显,已严重制约矿井安全高效生产。为此,针对辛安煤矿复采1402工作面辅运巷道5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性控制的工程难题,运用数值模拟与理论分析相结合的方法,探究5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性采掘扰动响应特征,提出5号钻场临空窄煤柱动态注浆加固技术方案并开展现场应用和效果检验。研究结果表明:1402工作面辅运巷道掘进对5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性影响较小;在1402工作面回采期间,距5号钻场18~6 m范围,临空窄煤柱集中垂直应力由非对称马鞍形分布逐渐过渡为拱形分布;距5号钻场6 m时,临空窄煤柱承载叠加垂直应力超过煤体强度,塑性区完全贯通,极易破坏失稳;现场采用MP364型注浆材料及专用注浆设备对5号钻场临空窄煤柱前后5 m区域进行加固,动态注浆始终超前工作面10 m,通过深孔窥视和气体监测手段验证临空窄煤柱良好的封堵固化效果,保障了工作面安全回采,为我国整合矿井类似条件下煤柱稳定性控制提供借鉴和参考。移动阅读 相似文献
13.
选取某煤矿近距离煤层为工程背景,采用FLAC3D模拟了8#煤层残余煤柱底板偏应力场分布特征。结果表明：（1）底板的偏应力呈扩散状向底板传递,距离煤柱越远扩散范围越广,煤柱边缘偏应力呈45°向底板传播;（2）煤柱较窄时,中线和边缘处偏应力影响深度浅,随煤柱宽度增加,底板偏应力变化和影响深度较大,当煤柱宽度足够大时,影响深度又变浅,中部趋于原岩应力;（3）同一水平面上,偏应力呈马鞍状分布,随煤柱宽度增加,煤柱中线处和边缘处偏应力经历了先增大后减小的过程,煤柱边缘处偏应力峰值位置变化不大;（4）同一煤柱宽度,煤柱边缘偏应力峰值向深部递减且趋势减慢,同时,峰值远离煤柱且趋势加快。在自由边界受均布载荷、底板垂直应力、水平应力、切应力解析解的基础上,推导了底板偏应力解析公式,解析与模拟结果基本吻合。具体到该工程的地质条件,9205轨道巷距离煤柱边缘20 m、9205回风巷在煤柱边缘、9205运输巷在煤柱中线处,9205轨道巷维护效果最好,证明了内错式巷道且距离煤柱足够远时,偏应力较小,宏观应力环境更适合巷道围岩自稳。 相似文献
14.
作为典型复合型顶板的矿山,沙曲矿区的工程地质条件受到多条构造带影响,采煤工作面顶底板均为不稳定性软岩,并含少量裂隙水。为了调查该矿区的地应力条件及地压规律,本文在沙曲矿区的主要开拓巷道中开展了6个地点的地应力测试,结果表明该矿区的地应力场比较均匀,属于准静水应力场。采用现场应力套孔解除和室内围压率测定的方法得到最大水平主应力数值在20.11～22.87(MPa)之间,侧压系数在2.25～2.85范围内,属较高应力;针对24101等工作面的大采高综采巷道进行了煤柱支承压力的现场监测,结果表明24101工作面的巷道煤柱应力分布特点可以分为塑性破坏区、峰值应力区和原岩应力区;同时,对南翼14204工作面顶板进行了离层监测和锚杆测力计载荷观测,结果进一步揭示了随着时间的推移,巷道顶板稳定性的衰减主要是由于离层数量的增加所造成的规律。该地应力及采场地压的综合监测及分析结果对沙曲矿区的支护设计和安全生产具有重要指导和实用价值。 相似文献
15.
Jun-wen Zhang Hai-long Wang Shao-jie Chen 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(1):235-245
2351 working face with paste backfill method of Daizhuang coal mine in eastern China is selected as engineering background, bearing characteristics of backfill body and supporting intensity of hydraulic support during coal pillar mining with paste backfill are researched. Researches show that: Even if the confining pressure is only 1 Mpa, the paste backfill material shows typical plasticity hardening. The overlying strata of working face with paste backfill method include fractured zone, continuous deformation zone, don’t include caved zone. The distribution of vertical stress above the backfill body is not a horizontal line nor presents saddle-shaped, but presents a wave distribution. The stress above backfill body does not appear abrupt change but tends to be increasing at first and stable at last. The mechanical model of roof stability during coal pillar mining with paste backfill is built, and the mechanics related formula of supporting intensity is also concluded. The hydraulic supports used in 2351 working face can control the roof subsidence effectively, but the efficiency of hydraulic supports is lower, which should be optimized properly. 相似文献
16.
Bali Bonaventura Alves Mangu Mishra Brijes 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(2):1329-1347
Gas well drilled through longwall mining abutment pillar could potentially face instability issue due to the strata deformation following longwall panel extraction. Therefore, it is imperative to adequately design the pillar size of a longwall mining in order to ensure the stability of the gas well penetrated longwall mining abutment pillar. In this paper, the determination of suitable pillar size for protecting gas well subjected to longwall mining operation was investigated. Two scenarios of longwall gateroad system including the three and four entry system with varying pillar sizes were assessed using numerical modelling approach. The results of this study indicate that the pillar geometry plays an important role on the vertical gas well stability. In addressing the suitable pillar size for the given case study considering three entry system, the suitable chain pillar and abutment pillar size were found to be 80 ft (24.4 m) wide by 120 ft (36.6 m) length and 104 ft (31.7 m) wide by 120 ft (36.6 m) length rib to rib, respectively. Whereas, if four entry system is used, the suitable chain pillar size is 48 ft (14.6) wide by 120 ft (36.6 m) length and the abutment pillar size is 104 ft (31.7 m) wide by 120 ft (36.6 m) length rib to rib. The proposed numerical modelling procedure presented in this paper can be a viable alternative and applied to other similar projects in order to determine an optimal pillar size for protecting gas well in longwall mining area.
相似文献17.
S. V. Srirama Rao K. B. Chary T. N. Gowd F. Rummel 《Journal of Earth System Science》1999,108(2):93-98
In situ stress measurements by hydraulic fracturing were carried out in the 617 m deep borehole specially drilled in the epicentral
zone of the 1993 Latur earthquake for the purpose of research. The stress measurements carried out at 592 m depth in this
borehole are the deepest of all such measurements made so far in the Indian shield. The maximum and minimum principal horizontal
stresses (S
H max andS
h min) have been derived from the hydrofracture data using the classical method. TheS
H max andS
h min are found to be 16.5 and 9.6 MPa at 373 m depth, and 25.0 and 14.1 MPa at 592 m depth, indicating that the vertical gradients
ofS
hmax andS
hmin in the epicentral zone are 39 MPa/km and 21 MPa/km respectively. The principal horizontal stresses in the epicentral zone
are comparable with those at Hyderabad and 30% higher than in most other comparable intra-continental regions. Analysis of
the results indicate that the stresses in the focal region of the 1993 Latur earthquake have not undergone any significant
change following its occurrence and this is in agreement with a similar inference drawn from the seismic data analysis. It
appears that the Latur earthquake was caused due to rupturing of the overpressured fault segment at the base of the seismogenic
zone. 相似文献
18.
Intensive strata behaviors are generated when the No. 8707 working face of the 8# coal seam in a coal mine is advanced by way of the pillars left over of the upper part of 7# close distance coal seam. The theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and filed measurement were utilized to obtain the rule of the stress change when the 8707 working face of the 8# coal seam passes the pillars left over of the 7# coal seam. Meanwhile, a pressure-relief mining (PRM) technology was put forward. According to the research results, when the 8707 working face in the 8# coal seam was advanced to the position that was 20 m in front of the pillar left over, the abutment pressure reached the maximum for 26 MPa and the stress concentration factor was 3.25, which was likely to give rise to the rock burst. With the advance of the working face, the abutment pressure was reduced slowly. As the 8707 working face advanced 15 m away the pillar left over, the transfixed shear failure region of 45° was found in the bedrocks of the upper and lower coal seams, which was readily to give rise to the shear rupture, leading to the rock burst. Based on the aforementioned research, this research carried out the PRM by applying the hydraulic fracturing technology on the coal roof and pillar, which can ensure the safety and efficient mining of working faces. 相似文献
19.
大小及方向对深部煤层气开发影响显著。以鄂尔多斯东缘临兴西区为对象, 基于实 验测试、井壁崩落法和断层摩擦系数地应力法,分析了三向主应力方向与大小,阐释了基本特征及其空间发育规律。结果显示：8号煤层垂向应力介于44.94 ~ 50.46 MPa,平均48.47MPa;水平最大主应力介于35.16 ~ 44.53 MPa,平均40.62MPa;水平最小主应力介于28.79~39.45 MPa,平均33.02MPa。9号煤层垂向应力介于45.03~ 50.46 MPa,平均48.57MPa;水平最大主应力介于35.33~44.53 MPa,平均40.69MPa;水平最小主应力介于29.01 ~ 39.45 MPa,平均33.11MPa。误差分析显示此地应力计算结果可靠。三向地应力大小与埋深呈正相关关系。在垂向上,三向地应力相对大小表现出明显分带性,即埋深＜1000m左右为Sh＜Sv＜SH为特征的剪切型地应力带、埋深介于1000~1800m 表现为Sh＜SH＜Sv过渡带、埋深>1800m左右表现为Sh＜SH＜Sv为特征的正断型地应力带。在平面上,地应力在平面上总体呈西北部低、中部与南部高、其余地区适中,主要在T-23-2井和T-19井区存在应力低值带。最大水平主应力地应力方向主要以EW-NEE向为主。地应力场的阐释将为研究区深煤层储层物性评价、勘探选区及钻完井工程设计提供地质参考。 相似文献
20.
长壁孤岛工作面冲击失稳能量场演化规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
煤矿冲击地压一直是困扰中国煤矿安全的主要问题,而煤矿开采过程中跳采形成的孤岛工作面由于容易产生应力集中,来压强度提高,极容易发生冲击地压。基于唐山矿T2193下孤岛工作面的地质条件,从数值分析的角度研究了煤岩体材料的非均匀性,揭示了孤岛工作面顶板周期来压时煤岩体能量释放的动态特征,分析了工作面前方能量释放激增机制。数值模拟结果显示,长壁工作面回采过程中直接顶的不断垮落造成了老顶悬空距离的不断增大,工作面周期来压时,积聚于老顶岩层内的弹性应变能将瞬间释放,容易引发工作面及巷道的冲击失稳。孤岛工作面由于其特有的矿压显现特征,老顶周期破断时所释放的弹性应变能将更加剧烈,冲击地压势必愈加强烈。孤岛工作面顶底板和煤层的能量释放激增可以作为判断煤岩体冲击失稳的前兆信息。孤岛工作面前方发生冲击破坏的主要原因是由于工作面回采过程中围岩所积聚的大量弹性能在顶板断裂时所伴随的巨大能量释放而造成的。 相似文献