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1.
SODAR (or acoustic radar) systems are a useful tool to efficiently probe the lower planetary boundary layer (LPBL). The observations obtained by these systems can prove to be extremely useful if classified and interpreted correctly. The manual identification of different types of SODAR-recorded lower atmospheric microstructures is a laborious task and can be performed only by an expert having wide experience with the system and the variety of observations recorded by it. In this letter, we have developed a connectionist system to classify or identify SODAR patterns. The results demonstrate that the multilayer perceptron-based model is capable of successfully identifying the different SODAR patterns. 相似文献
2.
气候模式对气溶胶光学厚度AOD的合理模拟,是模拟研究气溶胶气候效应的前提。利用在线耦合的区域气候—大气化学—气溶胶耦合模式系统RIEMS-Chem,模拟研究了2010年中国东部地区AOD的季节变化情况。模拟结果与卫星搭载的中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)的反演资料和地基气溶胶观测网(AERONET)的站点观测资料分别进行了一年四季的详细对比,检验结果显示尽管模拟值有所低估,模式仍然能够合理地反映AOD的季节变化情况和空间分布特征,与AERONET站点观测值相比,整体相关系数为0.6。MODIS反演和相应模拟结果均显示,中国东部地区AOD整体水平夏季最大,春季次之,秋、冬季最小,华北平原、四川盆地和华中地区是AOD的主要大值区。只考虑日间AOD时,其季节分布特征略有不同,在华北平原地区,日间AOD夏季最大(1.1—1.5),在长江中下游流域地区,日间AOD则在春季最大(1.1—1.7);在中国东部,日间AOD的大值在夏、冬两季分别主要分布在长江以北、以南地区,而在春、秋两季则主要位于长江中下游流域。 相似文献
3.
单窗算法的大气参数估计方法 总被引：95，自引：10，他引：95
根据地表热辐射传导方程,提出了一个简单可行且精度较高的专门用于从TM6数据中演算地表温度的方法——单窗算法.这一算法把大气和地表状态对地表热传导的影响直接包括在演算公式中.该方法需要两个大气参数进行地表温度的演算,即大气平均作用温度和大气透射率.本文论述这两个大气参数的估计方法:根据大气水分含量或地表附近空气湿度来估计大气透射率;通过分析标准大气剖面资料,尤其是大气水分和气温随高程的变化规律,根据地表温度推算大气平均作用温度. 相似文献
4.
大气偏振模式图分布及仿生偏振导航技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大气偏振效应不仅可应用于高分辨率定量遥感,其偏振场模式图还可作为偏振导航的信息源。大气偏振场模式图在不同时空与天气条件下对偏振传感器的导航精度有重要影响,天空偏振场图的精确获取与建模、测量精度与误差分析是研究的重要内容。本文从大气偏振模式图的分布和偏振导航传感器两方面介绍仿生偏振导航技术的研究进展。首先介绍瑞利散射理论、米氏散射理论和基于矢量传输方程的偏振模式图光场分布理论,总结了不同方法的适用范围;其次分别介绍日光和月光、陆地和海洋等不同时间、空间环境以及不同天气条件下的偏振模式图分布测试结果,并对比分析了理论仿真与测试结果的异同,同时又介绍了基于云解算的偏振模式图精度测试误差分析;最后通过介绍偏振导航传感器装置的发展历史和研究成果,指出偏振导航应用于组合导航中的广阔前景。目前,本课题组已研制的偏振光导航传感器室内精度可达0.1°,验证了天空偏振光场模式图的客观有效性,为高分辨率偏振遥感技术提供了技术证明。 相似文献
5.
星载大气探测激光雷达发展与展望 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从最早的星载激光雷达空间技术实验LITE出发,回顾了已成功发射的多颗星载激光雷达发展历程。详细阐述了LITE、CALIPSO等星载激光雷达在大气遥感领域,特别是气候环境变化和数值预报模式研究上所取得的成就。主要从全球气溶胶垂直结构及其辐射强迫、全球云垂直结构和特征、气溶胶-云-降水相互作用和气溶胶数据在雾-霾和沙尘天气预报中的应用等4个方面进行展开说明,并且深入分析了未来星载激光雷达在大气风场和大气成分探测方面所面临的需求和挑战。在大气风场探测需求方面,结合星载激光雷达探测优势从提高热带地区的天气预报准确率、提高非地转条件下中小尺度短时临近预报水平和填补卫星高/低空急流监测技术空白等3个方面进行详细论述。在大气成分探测需求方面,与传统被动探测仪器相比较,突出激光雷达在信噪比、CO2垂直结构和夜间探测上的明显优势。最后,指出全球风场和大气成分探测将成为未来星载激光雷达的重要发展方向。 相似文献
6.
It has been widely known that the use of two-frequency Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) system is limited by stringent precision
requirements of the range measurements and the proper atmospheric model. Owing to the stringent requirements, this SLR system
is impractical for the current requirement of SLR measurements within the framework of global geodetic observing system (GGOS).
If in the future this stringent requirement could be met, this SLR system would be an attractive tool to reduce atmospheric
propagation effects of SLR and would be of great benefit for the next generation of GGOS design. To anticipate possible future
developments of the two-frequency SLR systems, we have developed a new atmospheric correction formula for the two-frequency
SLR measurements. The new formula eliminates the total atmospheric density effect including its gradient and provides two
terms to calculate the curvature effect and the water vapor distribution effect. While the curvature effect can be calculated
by an accurate model, the required information about the water vapor distribution along the propagation path can be calculated
using previous developments of optical delay modeling or alternatively using results from microwave measurements. Theoretical
simulations using the two-frequency systems of the Graz and TIGO-Concepción stations shows that the new formula completely
reduces all propagation effects at any elevation angle above 3° with an accuracy better than 1 mm. However, the required precision
for the difference of the two-frequency SLR measurements, i.e. better than 45 μm for a single epoch, exceeds the capability
of the current state of the art SLR systems. 相似文献
7.
结合了圆迹SAR(CSAR)和地球同步轨道SAR(GEOSAR)的特点,地球同步轨道圆迹SAR(GEOCSAR)具有大面积区域观测、可获得目标三维信息、可对目标区域连续监测等优点。但GEOCSAR合成孔径时间长,完成整个圆周孔径测量的时间为24小时,而大气变化的时间尺度经常表现为数分钟到数小时,因此大气折射率时间变化将会对GEOCSAR方位向聚焦成像产生重要影响。本文考虑L波段GEOCSAR,因此对流层和电离层效应均不可忽略。文中建立了对流层和电离层折射率时间变化引起的相位误差模型,分析和推导了折射率时间变化对GEOCSAR方位向聚焦性能的影响,计算了引起L波段GEOCSAR聚焦性能退化的最小对流层折射率和电离层电子含量随机时间变化量,并通过仿真进行了验证。 相似文献
8.
Sunyurp Park 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2016,53(5):634-650
Spatiotemporal characteristics and anthropogenic signals of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) distributions over Korea are investigated in this study using AOT time-series data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). AOT observations, a quantitative measure of the atmospheric quality, had significant geographical variations during the study period (2000–2010). Comparing metro cities or counties with similar populations, western regions showed higher AOT values than eastern regions. Particular matter with a diameter < 10 µm (PM10), including aeolian dust or yellow dust, is the primary component of atmospheric aerosols, and their transport into the region has shown a strong seasonal pattern with its peak from March to April and lows from July to September. These seasonal dust patterns, however, did not correspond well to temporal AOT records, which typically reached the maximum level in June nationwide. Rather, widespread regional fire events and humidity showed significant correlations with AOT time-series. This correlation rapidly increased as the range of fire occurrence was extended to the west as far as 115°E. The relative humidity also had a significant correlation with AOT during the month of June. In addition to urban emission of anthropogenic aerosols, regional biomass burning and secondary growth of hygroscopic aerosols are considered important contributors to the degradation of the atmospheric environment during the non-Asian Dust season over the Korean Peninsula. 相似文献
9.
多时相InSAR(interferometric synthetic aperture radar)技术以其大范围、高时空分辨率、可以获取毫米级甚至亚毫米级形变信号等特点,被广泛应用于大范围地表沉降监测。针对目前时序分析在获取研究区影像和数据预处理上耗时量大的问题,利用LiCSAR(looking inside the continents from space with synthetic aperture radar)产品,采用时序分析新方法 LiCSBAS提高了解算效率。该方法采用整体干涉对质量检验和相位环闭合差,探测二维相位解缠存在的解缠误差,剔除相干性较低的干涉对和大误差像元。为了减弱大气误差的影响,利用通用型大气改正在线服务产品进行大气误差改正,并在此基础上提出了一种形变参数和大气相位联合估计方法。以成都平原地区和西部山区为例,获取2016—2020年共90景影像进行时序分析新方法实验研究。结果表明：（1）提出的联合估计算法在地形起伏明显地区可以有效地抑制大气误差的影响,同时在大气效应不明显的地区也不会错估而引入相位误差;（2）监测的大部分区域表现较为稳定,年际沉降形变速率... 相似文献
10.
M. Krishnapriya A. Bhuvana Chandra Rabindra K. Nayak N. R. Patel P. V. N. Rao V. K. Dadhwal 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(2):309-320
A study on seasonal and inter-annual variability of the atmospheric CO2 is carried out based on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Carbon Tracker (NOAACT) re-analysis and satellite measurements of mid-troposphere CO2 by Atmosphere Infrared Sounder on board NASA’s Aqua and lower troposphere CO2 by Greenhouse-gas Observing Satellite. Seasonal and non-seasonal components of each time series were extracted by means of least square based harmonic analysis procedure. The data of surface CO2 fluxes used in the NOAACT are also analyzed to examine its relationship with the atmosphere CO2 variability at different time scales. There exists good consistency between NOAACT analysis and satellite observations in their respective seasonal harmonics and climatology. Surface layer CO2 exhibits large climatological mean over the regions of major anthropogenic sources together with strong seasonal cycle over the humid and cold climatic terrestrial regions especially over the northern hemisphere. Existence of high coherency with the different components of the surface fluxes shows that surface layer atmosphere CO2 seasonality is primarily contributed from the terrestrial ecosystem exchanges and secondarily by anthropogenic and oceanic exchanges. The mid-troposphere CO2 exhibits large values associated with climatology and amplitudes of semi-annual and annual cycles over the northern extra tropics and Polar Regions along with a gradual decreasing trend from northern to southern hemisphere. Inter-annual variability of atmospheric CO2 in the NOAACT in some extent is consistent with the satellite observations. Large scale circulation patterns, its fluctuations associated with ENSO events and large scale ecosystem disturbances have significant influence on the inter-annual variability. 相似文献
11.
利用星载重复轨道合成孔径雷达干涉测量InSAR技术获取数字高程模型(DEM),无法避免大气延迟效应的影响。InSAR大气校正的方法很多,但在DEM获取方面的大气校正研究却非常少见。本文研究星载重轨InSAR生产DEM时利用大气数值模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting model)得到的水汽结果进行大气校正的问题,重点讨论大气校正的策略,包括WRF模式设置和大气校正时机的选择,简要介绍了基于WRF运算结果的大气校正方法。利用Terra SAR-X数据进行实验,检验了所提出方法的有效性,证明了在干涉相位解缠前进行大气校正,比在相位解缠后进行的效果更好。将所提出方法应用于多基线、多波段InSAR干涉结果融合中,实验结果表明大气校正能够有效降低误差,对于相干性较高的地区效果更好。 相似文献
12.
顾及大气延迟效应的YG-13A斜距标定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
针对大气延迟时变误差影响遥感卫星十三号(YG-13A)斜距标定精度的问题,提出利用顾及大气延迟时变误差的斜距标定方法提高其斜距标定精度的策略。首先,利用基于NCEP气象资料和全球TEC数据的大气延迟改正方法来计算各标定景的大气延迟改正量。其次,将各标定景的大气延迟改正量代入斜距标定模型中。最后,在地面布设高精度角反射器控制点的情况下通过顾及大气延迟时变误差的斜距标定模型求解斜距测量系统误差,从而提高和验证斜距测量精度,角反射器控制点的平面和高程精度均优于0.1 m。利用嵩山遥感定标场地区的4组不同拍摄模式下获得的YG-13A卫星影像数据对比试验表明,相较于传统的斜距定标方法,在顾及大气延迟时变误差的情况下,4组数据的斜距改正值离散度均有所下降。利用太原、天津两个区域3景影像验证斜距改正后的精度,最小值为0.55 m,最大值为0.91 m,均值为0.70 m。试验结果证明了顾及大气延迟时变误差的斜距标定方法的有效性和可行性。 相似文献
13.
厄尔尼诺-南方涛动事件(ENSO)会引起全球大气压强的异常变化. 应用2006年至2008年期间全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)掩星数据,采用几何光学反演法计算地面高度2 km处的大气压强变化,将厄尔尼诺期间(2006年12月)、拉尼娜期间(2007年12月)与正常年份(2008年12月)之间的全球大气压强求差,分析大气压强变化. 实验结果表明,利用GNSS掩星数据通过绘制全球范围某一高度的大气压强变化剖面图,可以直观地展现出ENSO期间的大气压强变化,为相关的气候变化研究提供便利参考条件. 相似文献
14.
15.
Real-time precise point positioning regional augmentation for large GPS reference networks 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
An increasing number of GNSS reference stations are installed around the world to provide real-time precise positioning services. In most of the current services, a full network solution is required for the precise determination of biases. Such a network solution is time consuming and difficult to achieve for very large regions such as Europe or China. Therefore, we developed a multi-layer processing scheme for precise point positioning (PPP) regional augmentation to avoid processing large networks. Furthermore, we use L1 and L2 raw observations and estimate atmospheric delays, which were properly constrained to the atmospheric corrections derived from the reference stations. Therefore, inaccurate representation of atmospheric delays due to temporal and/or spatial atmospheric fluctuations in the processing can be compensated. The proposed scheme of PPP regional augmentation was implemented into the operational real-time PPP service system at GFZ for validation. The real-time orbit and clock corrections, the uncalibrated phase delays, and regional augmentation corrections are generated by this system. The augmentation corrections from the regional network are investigated and the positioning performance in terms of positioning accuracy and time for fixed solution is demonstrated in real-time. Our results indicate that a reliable fixing is possible after 5 s on average. The positioning accuracy is about 12, 10, and 25 mm in east, north, and vertical direction, respectively. 相似文献
16.
The rapid polar motion for periods below 20 days is revisited in light of the most recent and accurate geodetic and geophysical
data. Although its amplitude is smaller than 2 mas, it is excited mostly by powerful atmospheric processes, as large as the
seasonal ones. The residual amplitude, representing about 20% of the total excitation, stems from the oceans. Rapid polar
motion has an irregular nature that is well explained by the combined influence of the atmosphere and the oceans. An overall
spectrum reveals cycles principally at 20, 13.6 (fortnightly tidal period) and 10 days (corresponding to the normal atmospheric
mode Y31{\Psi_3^1}), but this is only an averaged feature hiding its strong variability over seasonal time scales. This explains why it is so
delicate to determine an empirical model of the tidal effect on polar motion. The variability in both amplitude and phase
of the 13.6-day term is probably caused by a lunar barometric effect, modulated by some sub-seasonal thermal processes. The
irregularities of the prominent cycles of the short-term polar motion are well explained by the atmospheric and oceanic excitations.
The oceanic variability reinforces the atmospheric one, as they were triggered by the same agent, maybe seasonal and inter-annual
thermal variations. 相似文献
17.
用蒙特-卡罗方法计算大气点扩散函数 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
大气效应的纠正是一个仍未被彻底解决的定量遥感问题,随着遥感器空间分辨率的不断提高,各种斜视星勒遥感不断涌现,寻找交叉辐射项的修正方法日显迫切,该文应用蒙特－卡罗（Ｍ－Ｃ）方法求得不同大气条件下的点扩散函数图形,结果显示：（１）大气状况对点扩散函数的形状、目标像元的贡献率有不可忽略的影响;（２）一次散射的假定将导致背景像元的贡献率,其绝对误差最大可达７％,其相对误差最大可达４０％;（３）斜视条件下与 相似文献
18.
A Discussion of IGS Solutions and Their Impact on Geodetic and Geophysical Applications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The International Association of Geodesy officially established the International GPS Service (IGS) on Janaury 1, 1994. Its
prime objective is to provide support and a rerefence system for a wide variety of scientific and practical applications involving
GPS. To fulfill its role the IGS also generates, in addition to its fundamental products (orbital/staion positions and consistent
Earth orientation parameters), additional reference-system products providing the necessary infrastructure, standards, and
means of calibrations for timing and various atmospheric applications of GPS. The generation and efficient application of
IGS products and their impact on a number of positioning and atmospheric applications, including low earth orbit satellites,
is reviewed and discussed. @ 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
19.
大气程辐射遥感图像与城市大气污染监测研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
作为对地探测的遥感技术所获取的遥感图像包含了地面和大气信息,并且主要是地面信息.利用地面反射率分布图像将遥感数字图像中弱的大气信息与强的地面目标信息分离,生成仅仅包含大气信息的大气程辐射遥感图像.利用多(高)光谱遥感数字图像中不同波段的大气程辐射遥感图像可以不受地面干扰地对城市大气污染的类型和程度(气溶胶粒径和含量)进行遥感监测.在大气污染地面观测数据(可吸入颗粒物PM10浓度)的支持下,利用MODIS多光谱遥感数字图像生成的对应多光谱大气程辐射遥感数字图像,以上海市为例进行了城市大气污染遥感监测的原理方法研究. 相似文献
20.
Vegetation indices (VIs) calculated from remotely sensed reflectance are widely used tools for characterizing the extent and status of vegetated areas. Recently, however, their capability to monitor the Amazon forest phenology has been intensely scrutinized. In this study, we analyze the consistency of VIs seasonal patterns obtained from two MODIS products: the Collection 5 BRDF product (MCD43) and the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction algorithm (MAIAC). The spatio-temporal patterns of the VIs were also compared with field measured leaf litterfall, gross ecosystem productivity and active microwave data. Our results show that significant seasonal patterns are observed in all VIs after the removal of view-illumination effects and cloud contamination. However, we demonstrate inconsistencies in the characteristics of seasonal patterns between different VIs and MODIS products. We demonstrate that differences in the original reflectance band values form a major source of discrepancy between MODIS VI products. The MAIAC atmospheric correction algorithm significantly reduces noise signals in the red and blue bands. Another important source of discrepancy is caused by differences in the availability of clear-sky data, as the MAIAC product allows increased availability of valid pixels in the equatorial Amazon. Finally, differences in VIs seasonal patterns were also caused by MODIS collection 5 calibration degradation. The correlation of remote sensing and field data also varied spatially, leading to different temporal offsets between VIs, active microwave and field measured data. We conclude that recent improvements in the MAIAC product have led to changes in the characteristics of spatio-temporal patterns of VIs seasonality across the Amazon forest, when compared to the MCD43 product. Nevertheless, despite improved quality and reduced uncertainties in the MAIAC product, a robust biophysical interpretation of VIs seasonality is still missing. 相似文献